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x | |
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xii | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xviii | |
Notations and orthographic conventions |
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xix | |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (3) |
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2 Spanish in New York City |
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4 | (1) |
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3 Spanish in contact with English in New York City: a brief sketch of lexical phenomena |
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5 | (2) |
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4 A note on language and language membership |
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7 | (6) |
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2 The lexical borrowing database: classifying lexical contact phenomena |
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13 | (30) |
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1 The concept of lexical borrowing |
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13 | (1) |
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2 Data, models and operationalization of concepts |
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14 | (8) |
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3 Data selection criteria and the formation of the English lexical borrowing database |
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22 | (21) |
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3 The corpus and analysis |
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43 | (11) |
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1 The Otheguy-Zentella Corpus, language contact and variation |
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43 | (2) |
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2 Informants and interviews |
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45 | (1) |
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3 Independent variables and stratification of the Spanish in New York corpus |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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7 Presentation of results |
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49 | (5) |
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4 An overview of lexical borrowing behavior in Spanish in New York City |
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54 | (15) |
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54 | (1) |
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2 What lexical borrowing says about in Spanish speakers in New York City |
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55 | (6) |
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3 What lexical borrowing does not say about Spanish speakers in New York City |
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61 | (3) |
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4 Summary of lexical borrowing behavior in New York City |
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64 | (5) |
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5 Immigrant generations in focus |
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69 | (20) |
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1 Lexical borrowing frequency in the first immigrant generation |
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69 | (9) |
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2 Lexical borrowing frequency in the second immigrant generation |
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78 | (5) |
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83 | (6) |
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6 Innovation, reproduction and the dissemination of lexical borrowings in Spanish in New York City |
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89 | (16) |
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1 Introduction and additional questions |
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89 | (1) |
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2 Shared and nonshared vocabulary in Spanish in New York |
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89 | (3) |
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3 The use of nonshared vocabulary: lexical borrowing innovators |
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92 | (3) |
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4 The use of shared vocabulary: lexical borrowing reproducers |
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95 | (3) |
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5 On non-significant variables in lexical borrowing innovation and reproduction |
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98 | (1) |
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6 On the dissemination of lexical borrowings |
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99 | (1) |
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7 Conclusion and review of questions |
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100 | (5) |
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7 Deborrowing: flagged lexical borrowings in Spanish in New York City |
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105 | (19) |
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1 Flagging in bilingual speech research |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (9) |
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4 Examining the disfluency hypotheses |
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116 | (4) |
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120 | (4) |
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8 Synthesis and application of findings |
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124 | (12) |
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1 A limitation of the current study: underrepresentation of the shared lexicon of Spanish in New York |
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124 | (1) |
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2 A portrait of lexical borrowing and its Spanish-speaking users in New York City |
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125 | (2) |
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3 The social determinants of lexical borrowing across contact situations |
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127 | (2) |
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4 Applications to bilingual speech research |
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129 | (1) |
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5 Linking speech behavior to long-term outcomes of language contact |
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130 | (6) |
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Appendix A Stratification of the Otheguy-Zentella Corpus of Spanish in NYC |
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136 | (2) |
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Appendix B Excerpts from the Otheguy-Zentella Corpus by referring chapter |
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138 | (3) |
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Appendix C Results of the Homonymy test |
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141 | (2) |
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Appendix D Criteria for Lexical Borrowing by Part of Speech Category |
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143 | (25) |
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143 | (7) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (2) |
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5 Prepositions and prepositional phrases |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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7 Quantifiers: numeric, generic and ordinal |
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157 | (1) |
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8 Connectives: conjunctions, coordinators and complementizers |
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158 | (1) |
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9 Indexical demonstratives |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (3) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (4) |
Index |
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168 | |