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E-grāmata: Life and Death of the Stars

  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Mar-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642453847
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Mar-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642453847
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This volume is devoted to one of the fascinating things about stars: how they evolve as they age. This evolution is different for stars of different masses. How stars end their lives when their supply of energy is exhausted also depends on their masses. Interestingly, astronomers conjectured about the ultimate fate of the stars even before the details of their evolution became clear. Part I of this book gives an account of the remarkable predictions made during the 1920s and 1930s concerning the ultimate fate of stars. Since much of this development hinged on quantum physics that emerged during this time, a detailed introduction to the relevant physics is included in the book. Part II is a summary of the life history of stars. This discussion is divided into three parts: low-mass stars, like our Sun, intermediate-mass stars, and massive stars. Many of the concepts of contemporary astrophysics were built on the foundation erected by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar in the 1930s. This book,written during his birth centenary, includes a brief biographical sketch of the brilliant scientist, which readers will find fascinating.

Reading this book will get young students excited about the presently unfolding revolution in astronomy and the challenges that await them in the world of physics, engineering and technology. General readers will also find the book appealing for its highly accessible narrative of the physics of stars.

This book is a companion volume of What are the Stars? by the same author.

"I know of no other book on the evolution of stars of a similar scope and breadth that is so accessible for undergraduate students."

E P J van den Heuvel Professor of Astrophysics

Winner of the Spinoza and Descartes PrizesUniversity of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Part I A Historical Perspective
1 What Are the Stars?
3(12)
Globes of Gas
3(1)
The Temperature of the Sun
4(1)
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
5(1)
Radiative Equilibrium
6(3)
Eddington's Theory of Stars
9(1)
The Mass--Luminosity Relation
10(1)
Why Do the Stars Shine?
11(2)
Can Stars Find Peace?
13(2)
2 Stars in Their Youth
15(10)
The Hertzsprung--Russell Diagram
15(2)
Energy Generation in the Main Sequence
17(3)
Convection in Stars
20(1)
The Lifetime of Stars
21(2)
The Ultimate Fate of the Stars
23(2)
3 White Dwarf Stars
25(8)
The Strange Companion of Sirius
25(2)
Gravitational Redshift
27(3)
Experimental Verification of Gravitational Redshift
30(1)
A Stellar Paradox: Have the Stars Enough Energy to Cool?
31(2)
4 The Principles of Statistical Mechanics
33(22)
Classical Mechanics
33(1)
Statistical Mechanics
33(6)
Quantum Mechanics
39(3)
Quantum Statistical Mechanics
42(4)
Quantum Statistics
46(4)
Spin and Statistics
50(5)
5 Fermi--Dirac Distribution
55(12)
Pauli's Exclusion Principle
55(1)
The Fermi--Dirac Distribution
56(2)
The Degenerate Electron Gas
58(2)
Fermi Momentum
60(7)
6 Quantum Stars
67(12)
Fowler to the Rescue of White Dwarfs
67(2)
Enter Chandra
69(2)
Chandrasekhar's Theory of the White Dwarfs
71(6)
All Stars will Ultimately Find Peace
77(2)
7 The Chandrasekhar Limit
79(16)
Relativistic Stars
79(5)
A Startling Discovery by Chandrasekhar
84(3)
The Chandrasekhar Limit
87(3)
Can All Stars Find Peace?
90(5)
8 The Absurd Behaviour of Stars: Not All Stars will have Energy to Cool
95(6)
Some Remarkable Assertions
95(1)
Eddington's Tirade
96(5)
9 Guest Stars
101(8)
The Oriental Astronomers
101(1)
The Guest Star of AD 1006
101(1)
The Guest Star of AD 1054
102(1)
De Nova Stella of AD 1572
103(1)
Kepler's Nova Stella of AD 1604
104(1)
The Guest Star in the Andromeda Nebula
104(1)
The Great Debate
105(2)
A Super Nova?
107(2)
10 Supernovae, Neutron Stars and Black Holes
109(30)
The Discovery of the Neutron
109(1)
The Origin of Supernovae
110(6)
Neutronization of Matter
116(2)
Neutron Cores of Massive Stars
118(3)
The Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars
121(5)
Black Holes
126(13)
A Profile of Chandra
129(10)
Part II The Life History of Stars: A Modern Perspective
11 To Burn or Not to Burn
139(18)
Nuclear Cycles
139(1)
Quantum Tunnelling
139(5)
Helium Burning
144(1)
Carbon Burning and Oxygen Burning
145(1)
Beyond Oxygen Burning
146(2)
The Onion Skin Model
148(1)
To Burn or Not to Burn
148(9)
12 What Does the Future Hold for the Sun?
157(14)
Early Evolution
157(1)
The Star Becomes a Red Giant
158(1)
The Ultraluminous Giant Star
159(3)
The Helium Bomb
162(2)
Helium Burning in the Core
164(1)
The Supergiant Star
165(1)
The Observational Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
166(3)
Thermal Pulses and Mass Ejection
169(2)
13 Life History of Intermediate Mass Stars
171(14)
The Helium Core
171(1)
The Schonberg--Chandrasekhar Limit
171(3)
Central Helium Burning
174(1)
The Carbon--Oxygen Core
175(1)
To Be or Not to Be!
175(10)
14 Diamonds in the Sky
185(12)
The Population of White Dwarfs
185(2)
Masses of White Dwarfs
187(1)
Magnetic White Dwarfs
187(2)
Cooling of White Dwarfs
189(3)
Diamonds in the Sky
192(2)
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
194(1)
Asteroseismology
195(2)
15 Exploding Stars
197(20)
The Fate of Massive Stars
197(3)
The Final Day!
200(1)
The Collapse of the Core
201(4)
The Trapping of the Neutrinos!
205(3)
The Neutrino Bomb!
208(1)
A Guest Star is Born!
209(2)
Diamonds are not for Ever!
211(2)
Coalescence of White Dwarfs
213(1)
Gravitational Radiation
214(2)
Black Holes
216(1)
Epilogue 217(4)
Suggested Reading 221(2)
Index 223
Dr. G. Srinivasan began his career as a solid state physicist and later switched to astrophysics. After his PhD at the University of Chicago, he worked at the IBM Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge and Raman Research Institute, Bangalore. He is a Past President of the Astronomical Society of India as well as the Division of Space and High Energy Astrophysics of the International Astronomical Union. He is a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences and a former Jawaharlal Nehru Fellow.