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xi | |
| Notes on the contributors |
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xiii | |
| Preface |
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xxi | |
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Part I Remote Sensing and Radiative Transfer |
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Solar radiative transfer and global climate modelling |
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3 | (56) |
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3 | (1) |
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Earth's radiation budget and feedbacks |
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4 | (5) |
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Earth's radiation budget and climatic variables |
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4 | (2) |
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Radiation and climate feedbacks |
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6 | (3) |
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Solar radiative transfer for global models |
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9 | (27) |
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The Independent Column Approximation (ICA) |
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10 | (1) |
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Fluxes for single layers: the two-stream approximation |
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11 | (4) |
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15 | (1) |
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When is the two-stream approximation applicable? |
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16 | (3) |
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Strategies to extend two-stream approximations |
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19 | (12) |
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31 | (5) |
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1D vs. 3D radiative transfer for cloudy atmospheres: should global modellers be concerned? |
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36 | (7) |
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36 | (5) |
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Unresolved cloud-radiation interactions |
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41 | (2) |
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Remote sensing of cloudy atmospheres and global climate modelling |
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43 | (4) |
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47 | (12) |
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Appendix A: Two-stream approximations |
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49 | (3) |
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52 | (7) |
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On the remote sensing and radiative properties of cirrus |
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59 | (38) |
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59 | (4) |
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Cirrus ice crystal models |
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63 | (5) |
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Computational methods applied to nonspherical ice crystals |
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68 | (6) |
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Airborne and satellite remote sensing of cirrus at solar and infrared wavelengths |
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74 | (13) |
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Airborne remote sensing of cirrus |
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78 | (5) |
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Satellite remote sensing of cirrus |
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83 | (4) |
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87 | (10) |
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89 | (8) |
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Retrieval of cloud optical thickness and effective radius using multispectral remote sensing and accounting for 3D effects |
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97 | (28) |
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97 | (2) |
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The stochastic cloud model |
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99 | (2) |
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Properties of high-resolution radiance |
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101 | (4) |
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Statistical analysis of the 3D effects and correction |
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105 | (6) |
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The influence on the statistics of retrieved optical thickness |
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105 | (1) |
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Biases in the statistics of the optical thickness |
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106 | (4) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (9) |
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Retrieval method using adjacent pixel information |
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112 | (2) |
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Optical thickness retrieval |
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114 | (1) |
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Retrieval of optical thickness and effective particle radius |
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115 | (3) |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (5) |
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122 | (3) |
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Raman lidar remote sensing of geophysical media |
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125 | (34) |
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125 | (1) |
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Review of the existing methods of Raman lidar sounding |
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126 | (5) |
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127 | (1) |
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The method of Raman reference signal |
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128 | (1) |
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The method of measuring an aerosol extinction profile with a Raman lidar |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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The method of rotational Raman scattering for determining the therrmodynamic characteristics of atmosphere |
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130 | (1) |
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The Raman lidar return with regard to multiple scattering |
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131 | (9) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (4) |
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Isotropic backscattering approximation |
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136 | (2) |
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The case of axially symmetric source and receiver patterns |
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138 | (2) |
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Spatial-angular pattern of the Raman lidar return |
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140 | (6) |
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Introduction to the problem |
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140 | (1) |
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The effective medium properties |
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140 | (3) |
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Spatial-angular patterns of Raman lidar returns and their dependence on the size of scatterers |
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143 | (3) |
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Retrieval of the microphysical properties of light scattering media using measurements of the Raman lidar return angular patterns |
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146 | (6) |
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The retrieval possibilities |
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146 | (1) |
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Use of double scattering for retrieving the volume concentration of scatterers |
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147 | (3) |
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The algorithm of simultaneous retrieval of the scattering coefficient and the effective droplet size |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (7) |
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153 | (6) |
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Linearization of vector radiative transfer by means of the forward-adjoint perturbation theory and its use in atmospheric remote sensing |
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159 | (46) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (5) |
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Radiative transfer equation in operator form |
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162 | (4) |
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Mie scattering calculations |
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166 | (2) |
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Linearization of the forward model |
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168 | (8) |
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Linearization of radiative transfer |
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169 | (5) |
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Linearization of Mie theory |
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174 | (2) |
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Numerical implementation and results |
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176 | (3) |
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179 | (7) |
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Inversion of linearized forward model |
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180 | (5) |
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Levenberg-Marquardt iteration |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (10) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (6) |
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196 | (9) |
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Appendix A: The Mie coefficients and their derivatives |
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197 | (2) |
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Appendix B: Aerosol and ocean properties |
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199 | (1) |
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Aerosol size distribution |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (4) |
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Derivatives of the radiation field and their application to the solution of inverse problems |
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205 | (64) |
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205 | (2) |
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Derivatives of the intensity and weighting functions |
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207 | (2) |
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Basic formulation of the direct and adjoint radiative transfer equations in the operator form |
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209 | (5) |
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Generalized form of the direct radiative transfer equation |
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210 | (1) |
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Adjoint radiative transfer operator |
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211 | (1) |
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Adjoint approach and the adjoint radiative transfer equation |
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212 | (2) |
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General expressions for weighting functions |
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214 | (4) |
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Weighting functions for absorption and scattering coefficients |
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218 | (1) |
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Weighting functions for a mixture of scattering and absorbing components |
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219 | (2) |
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Examples of weighting functions for the aerosol and cloud parameters |
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221 | (10) |
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Weighting functions for the aerosol scattering coefficient and aerosol particles number density |
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223 | (4) |
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Weighting functions for the aerosol scattering coefficient |
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227 | (4) |
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Weighting functions for temperature and pressure |
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231 | (5) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (3) |
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Weighting functions for particle number concentration and effective radius of droplets |
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236 | (7) |
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236 | (4) |
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240 | (3) |
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Examples of weighting functions for particle number concentration, liquid water content, and effective radius of water droplets |
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243 | (4) |
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Application to the retrieval of the effective radius of water droplets |
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247 | (2) |
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Weighting functions for cloud geometrical parameters |
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249 | (10) |
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250 | (4) |
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254 | (5) |
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259 | (10) |
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Appendix A: Derivation of weighting functions for main parameters |
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261 | (3) |
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264 | (5) |
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Part III Numerical Techniques |
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Studies of light scattering by complex particles using the null-field method with discrete sources |
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269 | (26) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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Null-Field method with Discrete Sources |
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272 | (5) |
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275 | (1) |
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Orientation averaged scattering |
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276 | (1) |
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Computation of surface integrals |
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276 | (1) |
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Scattering by complex particles |
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277 | (11) |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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Arbitrarily shaped 3D particles |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (2) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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Symbols and abbreviations |
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291 | (4) |
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291 | (4) |
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Radiative transfer in horizontally and vertically inhomogeneous turbid media |
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295 | (54) |
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295 | (3) |
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Description of the calculation region |
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298 | (1) |
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Discrete ordinates method and a angular quadratures |
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299 | (3) |
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Scattering integral representation |
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302 | (3) |
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305 | (1) |
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Approximation of differential operator L |
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306 | (4) |
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Properties of DOM grid schemes |
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307 | (1) |
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Classification of grid schemes |
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308 | (2) |
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Long characteristics schemes |
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310 | (1) |
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Short characteristics schemes |
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311 | (4) |
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Integro-interpolational schemes |
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315 | (5) |
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Zero spatial moments schemes without corrections |
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315 | (4) |
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Zero spatial moment schemes with corrections |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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The solution of the grid equation |
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320 | (2) |
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Technique of transport equation solving by the parallel discrete ordinates method |
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322 | (3) |
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325 | (5) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (4) |
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Simplified discrete ordinates models |
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330 | (10) |
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Accuracy estimation for simple 1D models |
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330 | (3) |
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Spherical atmosphere models |
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333 | (5) |
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DOM in problems with polarization |
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338 | (2) |
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340 | (9) |
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341 | (8) |
| Index |
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349 | |
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