Preface |
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xvii | |
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1 | (290) |
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Pid Controllers: An Overview of Classical Theory |
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3 | (22) |
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3 | (2) |
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The Magic of Integral Control |
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5 | (3) |
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8 | (2) |
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Classical PID Controller Design |
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10 | (9) |
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The Ziegler-Nichols Step Response Method |
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10 | (1) |
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The Ziegler-Nichols Frequency Response Method |
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11 | (4) |
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PID Settings Using the Internal Model Controller Design Technique |
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15 | (2) |
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Dominant Pole Design: The Cohen-Coon Method |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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Back-Calculation and Tracking |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (3) |
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24 | (1) |
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PID Controllers for Delay-Free LTI Systems |
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25 | (30) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (4) |
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30 | (2) |
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Alternative Signature Expression |
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32 | (1) |
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Computation of the PID Stabilizing Set |
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33 | (5) |
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PID Design with Performance Requirements |
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38 | (14) |
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Signature Formulas for Complex Polynomials |
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40 | (2) |
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Complex PID Stabilization Algorithm |
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42 | (2) |
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PID Design with Guaranteed Gain and Phase Margins |
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44 | (1) |
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Synthesis of PID Controllers with an H∞ Criterion |
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44 | (5) |
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PID Controller Design for H∞ Robust Performance |
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49 | (3) |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (1) |
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PID Controllers for Systems With Time Delay |
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55 | (98) |
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55 | (2) |
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Characteristic Equations for Delay Systems |
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57 | (3) |
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The Pade Approximation and Its Limitations |
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60 | (9) |
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First Order Fade Approximation |
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62 | (3) |
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Higher Order Pade Approximations |
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65 | (4) |
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The Hermite-Biehler Theorem for Quasi-polynomials |
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69 | (8) |
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Applications to Control Theory |
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71 | (6) |
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Stability of Systems with a Single Delay |
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77 | (8) |
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PID Stabilization of First Order Systems with Time Delay |
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85 | (31) |
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The PID Stabilization Problem |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (18) |
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105 | (11) |
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PID Stabilization of Arbitrary LTI Systems with a Single Time Delay |
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116 | (19) |
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Connection between Pontryagin's Theory and the Nyquist Criterion |
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117 | (4) |
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Problem Formulation and Solution Approach |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (3) |
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126 | (2) |
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PID Controllers for an Arbitrary LTI Plant with Delay |
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128 | (7) |
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Proofs of Lemmas 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5 |
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135 | (9) |
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135 | (4) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (3) |
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Proofs of Lemmas 3.7 and 3.9 |
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144 | (4) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (3) |
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An Example of Computing the Stabilizing Set |
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148 | (2) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (2) |
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Digital PID Controller Design |
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153 | (28) |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (1) |
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Tchebyshev Representation and Root Clustering |
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156 | (4) |
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Tchebyshev Representation of Real Polynomials |
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156 | (2) |
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Interlacing Conditions for Root Clustering and Schur Stability |
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158 | (1) |
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Tchebyshev Representation of Rational Functions |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (3) |
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Phase Unwrapping and Root Distribution |
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160 | (1) |
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Root Counting and Tchebyshev Representation |
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161 | (2) |
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Digital PI, PD, and PID Controllers |
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163 | (2) |
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Computation of the Stabilizing Set |
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165 | (5) |
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Constant Gain Stabilization |
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165 | (3) |
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Stabilization with PI Controllers |
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168 | (1) |
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Stabilization with PD Controllers |
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169 | (1) |
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Stabilization with PID Controllers |
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170 | (9) |
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Maximally Deadbeat Control |
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173 | (2) |
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Maximal Delay Tolerance Design |
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175 | (4) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (2) |
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First Order Controllers for LTI Systems |
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181 | (26) |
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181 | (4) |
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185 | (4) |
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Robust Stabilization by First Order Controllers |
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189 | (1) |
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H∞ Design with First Order Controllers |
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190 | (5) |
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First Order Discrete-Time Controllers |
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195 | (10) |
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Computation of Root Distribution Invariant Regions |
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196 | (5) |
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201 | (4) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Controller Synthesis Free of Analytical Models |
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207 | (52) |
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208 | (2) |
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Mathematical Preliminaries |
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210 | (5) |
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Phase, Signature, Poles, Zeros, and Bode Plots |
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215 | (3) |
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PID Synthesis for Delay Free Continuous-Time Systems |
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218 | (4) |
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PID Synthesis for Systems with Delay |
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222 | (2) |
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PID Synthesis for Performance |
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224 | (3) |
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An Illustrative Example: PID Synthesis |
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227 | (5) |
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Model Free Synthesis for First Order Controllers |
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232 | (5) |
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Model Free Synthesis of First Order Controllers for Performance |
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237 | (3) |
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Data Based Design vs. Model Based Design |
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240 | (3) |
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Data-Robust Design via Interval Linear Programming |
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243 | (8) |
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244 | (7) |
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251 | (4) |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (2) |
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Data Driven Synthesis of Three Term Digital Controllers |
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259 | (32) |
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259 | (1) |
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Notation and Preliminaries |
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260 | (2) |
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PID Controllers for Discrete-Time Systems |
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262 | (8) |
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Data Based Design: Impulse Response Data |
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270 | (8) |
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Example: Stabilizing Set from Impulse Response |
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273 | (3) |
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Sets Satisfying Performance Requirements |
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276 | (2) |
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First Order Controllers for Discrete-Time Systems |
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278 | (4) |
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282 | (6) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (2) |
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II ROBUST PARAMETRIC CONTROL |
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291 | (348) |
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Stability Theory for Polynomials |
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293 | (40) |
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293 | (1) |
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The Boundary Crossing Theorem |
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294 | (8) |
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301 | (1) |
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The Hermite-Biehler Theorem |
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302 | (17) |
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302 | (8) |
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Hurwitz Stability for Complex Polynomials |
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310 | (2) |
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312 | (7) |
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General Stability Regions |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (3) |
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322 | (6) |
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Root Counting and the Routh Table |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (4) |
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332 | (1) |
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Stability of A Line Segment |
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333 | (46) |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (7) |
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341 | (4) |
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341 | (4) |
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Schur Segment Lemma via Tchebyshev Representation |
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345 | (3) |
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Some Fundamental Phase Relations |
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348 | (11) |
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Phase Properties of Hurwitz Polynomials |
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348 | (8) |
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Phase Relations for a Segment |
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356 | (3) |
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359 | (10) |
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369 | (5) |
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374 | (4) |
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378 | (1) |
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Stability Margin Computation |
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379 | (64) |
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379 | (1) |
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The Parametric Stability Margin |
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380 | (4) |
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The Stability Ball in Parameter Space |
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380 | (2) |
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382 | (2) |
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Stability Margin Computation |
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384 | (12) |
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387 | (4) |
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Discontinuity of the Stability Margin |
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391 | (1) |
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l2 Stability Margin for Time-Delay Systems |
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392 | (3) |
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l∞ and l1 Stability Margins |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (9) |
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Robust Stability via the Mapping Theorem |
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399 | (3) |
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Refinement of the Convex Hull Approximation |
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402 | (3) |
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Stability Margins of Multilinear Interval Systems |
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405 | (11) |
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407 | (9) |
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Robust Stability of Interval Matrices |
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416 | (7) |
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Unity Rank Perturbation Structure |
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416 | (1) |
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Interval Matrix Stability via the Mapping Theorem |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (5) |
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Robustness Using a Lyapunov Approach |
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423 | (9) |
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Robustification Procedure |
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427 | (5) |
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432 | (9) |
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441 | (2) |
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443 | (106) |
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443 | (1) |
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Stability of Polytopic Families |
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444 | (11) |
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Exposed Edges and Vertices |
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445 | (3) |
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Bounded Phase Conditions for Checking Robust Stability of Polytopes |
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448 | (4) |
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Extremal Properties of Edges and Vertices |
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452 | (3) |
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455 | (15) |
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456 | (8) |
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464 | (6) |
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Stability of Interval Polynomials |
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470 | (28) |
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Kharitonov's Theorem for Real Polynomials |
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470 | (8) |
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Kharitonov's Theorem for Complex Polynomials |
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478 | (3) |
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Interlacing and Image Set |
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481 | (3) |
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Image Set Based Proof of Kharitonov's Theorem |
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484 | (1) |
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Image Set Edge Generators and Exposed Edges |
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485 | (2) |
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Extremal Properties of the Kharitonov Polynomials |
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487 | (5) |
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Robust State Feedback Stabilization |
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492 | (6) |
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Stability of Interval Systems |
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498 | (24) |
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Problem Formulation and Notation |
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500 | (4) |
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The Generalized Kharitonov Theorem |
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504 | (10) |
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Comparison with the Edge Theorem |
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514 | (1) |
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515 | (6) |
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521 | (1) |
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Polynomic Interval Families |
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522 | (14) |
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524 | (4) |
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528 | (4) |
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Application to Controller Synthesis |
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532 | (4) |
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536 | (10) |
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546 | (3) |
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549 | (90) |
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549 | (2) |
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551 | (2) |
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Frequency Domain Properties |
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553 | (10) |
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Nyquist, Bode, and Nichols Envelopes |
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563 | (10) |
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Extremal Stability Margins |
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573 | (4) |
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Guaranteed Gain and Phase Margins |
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574 | (1) |
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Worst Case Parametric Stability Margin |
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574 | (3) |
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Robust Parametric Classical Design |
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577 | (14) |
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Guaranteed Classical Design |
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577 | (11) |
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Optimal Controller Parameter Selection |
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588 | (3) |
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Robustness Under Mixed Perturbations |
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591 | (11) |
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592 | (1) |
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Small Gain Theorem for Interval Systems |
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593 | (9) |
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Robust Small Gain Theorem |
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602 | (4) |
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606 | (3) |
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The Absolute Stability Problem |
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609 | (6) |
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Characterization of the SPR Property |
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615 | (10) |
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SPR Conditions for Interval Systems |
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617 | (8) |
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The Robust Absolute Stability Problem |
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625 | (7) |
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632 | (5) |
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637 | (2) |
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III OPTIMAL AND ROBUST CONTROL |
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639 | (168) |
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The Linear Quadratic Regulator |
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641 | (48) |
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An Optimal Control Problem |
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641 | (4) |
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642 | (1) |
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Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equation |
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642 | (3) |
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The Finite-Time LQR Problem |
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645 | (3) |
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Solution of the Matrix Ricatti Differential Equation |
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647 | (1) |
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647 | (1) |
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The Infinite Horizon LQR Problem |
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648 | (3) |
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General Conditions for Optimality |
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648 | (2) |
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The Infinite Horizon LQR Problem |
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650 | (1) |
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Solution of the Algebraic Riccati Equation |
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651 | (7) |
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The LQR as an Output Zeroing Problem |
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658 | (2) |
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Return Difference Relations |
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660 | (1) |
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Guaranteed Stability Margins for the LQR |
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661 | (4) |
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663 | (1) |
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663 | (1) |
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664 | (1) |
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Eigenvalues of the Optimal Closed Loop System |
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665 | (2) |
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665 | (2) |
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Optimal Dynamic Compensators |
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667 | (5) |
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670 | (2) |
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Servomechanisms and Regulators |
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672 | (8) |
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Notation and Problem Formulation |
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672 | (1) |
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Reference and Disturbance Signal Classes |
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673 | (1) |
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Solution of the Servomechanism Problem |
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673 | (7) |
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680 | (7) |
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687 | (2) |
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SISO H∞ and l1 Optimal Control |
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689 | (70) |
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689 | (4) |
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693 | (11) |
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L-Stability and Robustness via the Small Gain Theorem |
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704 | (5) |
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YJBK Parametrization of All Stabilizing Compensators (Scalar Case) |
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709 | (7) |
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Control Problems in the H∞ Framework |
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716 | (9) |
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H∞ Optimal Control: SISO Case |
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725 | (22) |
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729 | (4) |
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733 | (3) |
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Orthogonality and Alignment in Noninner Product Spaces |
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736 | (1) |
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The All-Pass Property of H∞ Optimal Controllers |
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737 | (5) |
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The Single-Input Single-Output Solution |
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742 | (5) |
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l1 Optimal Control: SISO Case |
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747 | (8) |
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755 | (2) |
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757 | (2) |
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H∞ Optimal Multivariable Control |
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759 | (48) |
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H∞ Optimal Control Using Hankel Theory |
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759 | (25) |
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759 | (4) |
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State Space Computations of the Hankel Norm |
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763 | (6) |
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State Space Computation of an All-Pass Extension |
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769 | (2) |
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H∞ Optimal Control Based on the YJBK Parametrization and Hankel Approximation Theory |
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771 | (5) |
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LQ Return Difference Equality |
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776 | (4) |
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State Space Formulas for Coprime Factorizations |
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780 | (4) |
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The State Space Solution of H∞ Optimal Control |
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784 | (20) |
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784 | (11) |
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795 | (9) |
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804 | (2) |
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806 | (1) |
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807 | (26) |
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807 | (12) |
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819 | (6) |
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Equivalent Norms and Convergence |
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825 | (3) |
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Relations between Normed Spaces |
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828 | (4) |
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832 | (1) |
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833 | (34) |
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Induced Norms for Linear Maps |
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833 | (11) |
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Properties of Fourier and Laplace Transforms |
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844 | (5) |
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846 | (2) |
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848 | (1) |
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Lp/lp Norms of Convolutions of Signals |
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849 | (3) |
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849 | (1) |
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850 | (2) |
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Induced Norms of Convolution Maps |
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852 | (13) |
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865 | (2) |
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867 | (2) |
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869 | (18) |
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Feedback, Robustness, and Fragility |
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869 | (2) |
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871 | (12) |
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883 | (2) |
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885 | (2) |
References |
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887 | (18) |
Index |
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905 | |