| About the Cover |
|
xii | |
| Preface |
|
xiii | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xvii | |
|
What Is Language and How Do we Study It? |
|
|
1 | (28) |
|
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Acquiring versus Learning a Language |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
Human Language and Animal Communication |
|
|
4 | (3) |
|
Can Other Animals Learn Language? |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Rico, the Talking Border Collie |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Two Case Studies: Washoe and Nim |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
|
7 | (10) |
|
The Components of Grammar |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Prescriptive and Descriptive Grammar |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
When Prescription and Description Overlap |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
Modification: Anothe Overlap |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
Grammar across Space and Time |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
Linguistics in the News The Language Blog and Eggcorns |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
Sign Language versus Body Language |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Sign Language Diversity |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
The Scientific Study of Language |
|
|
17 | (5) |
|
Noam Chomsky and Generative Grammar |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
Did you Know...? Noam Chomsky |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Influences on Modern Linguistics |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Rationalism and Empiricism |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
Accent on The Linguistic Society of America |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
25 | (4) |
|
The Human Capacity for Language |
|
|
29 | (38) |
|
Our Capacity to Acquire Language |
|
|
30 | (14) |
|
What Children's ``Mistakes'' Tell Us |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
Mouses and Foots: Overgeneralizing Rules |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! One Wug and Two...Wugs? |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
Evidence for Universal Grammar |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
Children don't Learn by Analogy |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Stages of First Language Acquisition |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
The Prelinguistic Stage: The Early Months |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
The Babbling State: 4-8 Months |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? How Do You Study an Infant? |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
The One-Word Stage: 9-18 Months |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
The Two-Word Stage: 18-24 Months |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
The Early Multiword Stage: 24-30 Months |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Hardwiring and Order of Acquisition |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
The Later Multiword Stage: 30 Months and Older |
|
|
39 | (2) |
|
Did You Know...? Baby Talk and Parentese |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? What about Baby Einstein? |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
A Critical Period for Language Acquisition? |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
Acquisition and Isolation: Victor and Genie |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
Sign Language Acquisition |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
Second Language Acquisition |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
Is It Learning or Acquisition? |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
Social Aspects of Second Language Acquisition |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
Second Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
Two Native Languages: Bilingualism |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
Misperceptions about Bilingualism |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
Our Capacity to Create Language |
|
|
47 | (5) |
|
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
Linguistics in the News A Gene for Language? |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
|
52 | (5) |
|
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
Specific Language Impairment |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
A Language Center in the Brain? |
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
Did You Know...? Poor Phineas Gage |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
More Evidence for Lateralization |
|
|
57 | (3) |
|
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
Accent on Clinical Linguistics |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
63 | (4) |
|
Phonetics: Describing Sounds |
|
|
67 | (34) |
|
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
|
71 | (12) |
|
Voiced and Voiceless Consonants |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
Did You Know...? Visible Speech |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! A Disappearing Sound |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
Linguistics in the News Peter Ladefoged: Pioneer in Phonetics |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Why Do we Spell Words with -ough? |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Mom Is Bob |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Forgotten Clusters |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Why All These Distinctions? |
|
|
80 | (2) |
|
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
|
83 | (9) |
|
Language Alive! Do Dawn and Don Rhyme? |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Double is Not Long |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
The Northern Cities Chain Shift |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
|
92 | (2) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
95 | (6) |
|
Phonology: The Sound Patterns of Language |
|
|
101 | (38) |
|
|
|
102 | (9) |
|
Did You Know...? Babies are better at Language |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Long-Lost English Allophones |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
Alveolar Nasal Assimilation |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
Alveolar Stop Assimilation |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Invented Spelling |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
109 | (2) |
|
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Dissimilation of Liquids and Nasal Sounds |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Dissimilation of Fricative Sounds |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
112 | (2) |
|
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
Insertion of Voiceless Stop |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
Deletion of /r/ after Vowels |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Where the Heck is <h>? |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
Deletion of Fricative Next to Fricative |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Where Do You Get Tenashoes? |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
Deletion of Like Sounds or Syllables |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
Deletion of Consonant Clusters |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
Deletion of Syllable-Final Consonant Clusters |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
Fronting of Velar Nasal to Alveolar Nasal |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
Fronting in Child Language |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Exchanging /s/ and a Consonant |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! What's Wrong with Aks? |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Exchanging /r/ and a Vowel |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
Exchanging Syllable Onsets |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
Language Alive! Going Nucular |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
|
120 | (5) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
The Structure of the Syllable |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
Syllable Structure Variety |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Slips of the Tongue and Syllables |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (6) |
|
Linguistics in the News Tone Languages and Perfect Pitch |
|
|
127 | (3) |
|
Did You Know...? Abbish versus Ubby Dubby |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Accent on Linguistics and Reading |
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
133 | (6) |
|
Morphology: Words and Their Parts |
|
|
139 | (42) |
|
|
|
141 | (3) |
|
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
|
|
144 | (6) |
|
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Pooh on Pronouns |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
Word Classes and Our Mental Lexicon |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
|
147 | (2) |
|
Language Alive! Embiggen His Soul! |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
|
150 | (3) |
|
Language Alive! What about Cranapple? |
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
Language Alive! Word-orama! |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
Affixation and Our Mental Lexicon |
|
|
153 | (5) |
|
|
|
154 | (3) |
|
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
|
158 | (15) |
|
Inflectional Affixation of English Nouns |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
Linguistics in the News Arkansas's Apostrophe |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
|
162 | (2) |
|
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! The Battle over Whom |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
Inflectional Affixation of English Verbs |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
Infinitives, Present Tense, and Past Tense |
|
|
166 | (2) |
|
Present and Past Participles |
|
|
168 | (2) |
|
Suppletive Verbs and Adjectives |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Ain't Ain't Had It Easy! |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
Accent on Field Linguistics |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
174 | (7) |
|
Morphological Typology and Word Formation |
|
|
181 | (30) |
|
|
|
182 | (7) |
|
|
|
183 | (3) |
|
Did You Know...? Solid Roundish Objects and Mushy Matter |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
Mixed Typological Systems |
|
|
187 | (2) |
|
The Morphology of Other Languages |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
|
|
189 | (15) |
|
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
Linguistics in the News F***ing Brilliant! FCC Rulings on Profanity |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
Did You Know...? The Truth about Truthiness |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
|
194 | (2) |
|
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
206 | (5) |
|
Syntax: Heads and Phrases |
|
|
211 | (34) |
|
|
|
213 | (2) |
|
A Phrase Structure Rule for Noun Phrases |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
|
|
215 | (6) |
|
Language Alive! How Many Modals? |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
A Phrase Structure Rule for Verb Phrases |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Evidence for the Aux Position |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Don't Use Double Negatives. NOT! |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Subject-Auxiliary Inversion |
|
|
218 | (2) |
|
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Emphatic and Main Verb Do |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
Adjectives and Adjective Phrases |
|
|
221 | (3) |
|
Language Alive! English Didn't Always Have Do |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
Adjective Phrase Positions |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
Adverbs and Adverb Phrases |
|
|
224 | (3) |
|
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
Linguistics in the News What's the Right Answer? |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases |
|
|
227 | (2) |
|
Prepositional Phrase Positions |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Literary Prepositions |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
Summary of Phrase Structure Rules |
|
|
229 | (6) |
|
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Independent and Subordinate Clauses |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Accent on Teaching with Trees |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
237 | (8) |
|
Syntax: Phrase Structure and Syntactic Rules |
|
|
245 | (40) |
|
Hierarchical Structure and Ambiguity |
|
|
247 | (7) |
|
|
|
248 | (2) |
|
|
|
250 | (3) |
|
Linguistics in the News Starling Syntax? |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
|
254 | (2) |
|
Evidence for Phrases and Clauses |
|
|
256 | (10) |
|
|
|
256 | (2) |
|
Language Alive! Silent Pronoun? |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Who Is They, Anyway? |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
Conjunctions and Coordination |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Pronouns, Prestige, and Illogical Rules |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Coordination and Ambiguity |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Sex and Syntax |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
|
266 | (11) |
|
Deep and Surface Structure |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? ``Does She...or Doesn't She?'' |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
|
|
269 | (2) |
|
Reordering Phrases: Movement |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Passive Should Be Avoided? |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
|
273 | (3) |
|
Accent on Psycholinguists |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
278 | (7) |
|
Semantics: Making Meaning with Words |
|
|
285 | (36) |
|
|
|
286 | (2) |
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (7) |
|
Meaning Classifications: Semantic Features |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Is the Team Playing? Are the Team Playing? |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Entailment and Markedness |
|
|
292 | (2) |
|
Meaning Subclassifications: Semantic Fields |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
Meaning Relationships: The Nyms |
|
|
295 | (7) |
|
Opposite Meanings: Antonymy |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Can Something Be Very Dead? |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Similar Meanings: Synonymy |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Meaning Categories: Hyponymy |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Related Meanings: Polysemy |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
Different Meanings: Homonymy |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
Many Meanings: Lexical Ambiguity |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
Linguistics in the News Talking Right...and Left |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
Meaning Change: Semantic Shift |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
Making New Meanings: Figurative Language |
|
|
303 | (8) |
|
Language Alive! Shifts in Meaning: Progress or Decay? |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
Connecting Meanings: Metaphor |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
|
306 | (2) |
|
Did You Know...? Hearing Colors |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Comparing Meanings: Simile |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
Accent on Linguistics and Computers |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
313 | (8) |
|
Semantics and Pragmatics: Making Meaning with Sentences |
|
|
321 | (38) |
|
Sentence Semantics: The Linguistic Meaning of Sentences |
|
|
323 | (8) |
|
Propositions and Truth Conditions |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
When Sentences Don't Express Propositions |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
Analytic and Synthetic Sentences |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
When Meanings Overlap: Entailment and Paraphrase |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
Sentences That Can't Be True: Contradictions |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
When Semantics and Syntax Overlap: The Structure of Meaning |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
Thematic Roles and Argument Structure |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
Pragmatics: How Context Shapes Meaning |
|
|
331 | (15) |
|
Saying What You Mean and Meaning What You Say: Speech Acts |
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
Cooperative Talk: Conversational Rules |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
Linguistics in the News The Language of the Piraha |
|
|
334 | (2) |
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? The Cooperative Principle and Language Acquisition |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
|
337 | (2) |
|
Language Alive! Culture Clash and Pragmatic Failure |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
Honorifics and Forms of Address |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
When Semantics and Pragmatics Overlap |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Register as a Literary Device |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? I am You |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (4) |
|
Linguistic Relativity and the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Lost in Translation |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Accent on Forensic Linguistics |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (2) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
352 | (7) |
|
The Early Story of English |
|
|
359 | (40) |
|
Finding Families: The Comparative Method |
|
|
360 | (8) |
|
Did You Know...? Pretty Grimm Tales |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! False Cognates |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Indo-European Language Families |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Beyond Indo-European: Other Language Families |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
The Germanic Branch of Indo-European |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
English Emerges in the British Isles |
|
|
368 | (10) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Pagan Fossils |
|
|
370 | (3) |
|
Did You Know...? Runic Writing and the Futhorc |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Strong and Weak Adjectives |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Strong and Weak Verbs and a Two-Tense System |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Interrogative and Negative Sentences |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Old English Phonetics and Phonology |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
English Meets French: Middle English |
|
|
378 | (5) |
|
Did You Know...? The Black Death, Rats, and Fleas |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Middle English Vocabulary |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Middle English Morphology |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Middle English Auxiliary and Modal Verbs |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Interrogative and Negative Sentences |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
From Synthetic to Analytic |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (8) |
|
Linguistics in the News Languages and Land Bridges |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
The Birth of ``Correct'' English and Prescriptive Grammar |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? The Word According to Johnson |
|
|
386 | (2) |
|
Early Modern English Grammar |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
The Early Modern English Vocabulary Explosion |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
392 | (7) |
|
|
|
399 | (34) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
The Origins of American English |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
British English goes to the New World |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
British English Influences on American English |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
American Regional Dialects |
|
|
402 | (7) |
|
Dialects and Settlement Patterns |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Drawing Dialect Boundaries |
|
|
403 | (3) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
American ``English'' Vocabulary |
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
|
|
409 | (6) |
|
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? The Ann Arbor Trial |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Social Class and Language Attitudes |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Linguistics in the News Linguistic Profiling |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (5) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Aladdin Speaks Standard English? |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
English as a Global Language |
|
|
420 | (2) |
|
Language Variation and Language Discrimination |
|
|
422 | (4) |
|
Language Alive! German Goes from Good to Bad |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Standard English and ``General American'' |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Language Aliv! Urban Dictionary |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
The Future of English Dialects |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Accent on Dialect Coaches |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
430 | (3) |
|
Representing Language: The Written Word |
|
|
433 | (32) |
|
A Brief History of Writing |
|
|
434 | (3) |
|
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Hieroglyphics |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Did You Know...? Cuneiform |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
The Development of English Spelling |
|
|
437 | (6) |
|
Old English Writing and Spelling |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Ye Olde Confusion |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Toward Modern English Spelling |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
Attempts at Spelling Reform |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Linguistics in the News The CSIs of Language |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
The Development of English Punctuation |
|
|
443 | (4) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (2) |
|
Writing Rules, Standardization, and Authority |
|
|
447 | (11) |
|
Language Alive! The Power of Word |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
The Power of the Dictionary |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
Writing Registers and Forms |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (2) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
Written Standards in Flux |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
Language Alive! Are You Ever Alright? |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
|
455 | (2) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
460 | (5) |
|
The Life Cycle of Language |
|
|
465 | |
|
|
|
467 | |
|
|
|
467 | |
|
Language Alive! The Origins of American Sign Language |
|
|
468 | |
|
|
|
469 | |
|
|
|
470 | |
|
|
|
472 | |
|
|
|
473 | |
|
Did You Know...? Chinook Jargon |
|
|
474 | |
|
|
|
475 | |
|
|
|
476 | |
|
|
|
477 | |
|
Gullah and African American English |
|
|
478 | |
|
|
|
479 | |
|
Linguistics in the News Sundance Features The Linguists |
|
|
480 | |
|
|
|
481 | |
|
Native American Languages |
|
|
482 | |
|
|
|
483 | |
|
Language Alive! Esperanto: A Failed Lingua Franca |
|
|
484 | |
|
|
|
484 | |
|
|
|
485 | |
|
Did You Know...? Ketchup-Only Law |
|
|
485 | |
|
|
|
485 | |
|
|
|
486 | |
|
|
|
487 | |
|
|
|
488 | |
|
Native American Languages |
|
|
488 | |
|
|
|
489 | |
|
|
|
490 | |
|
Did You Know...? Language Preservation in Action |
|
|
490 | |
|
|
|
491 | |
|
Accent on What Linguists Can Do |
|
|
492 | |
|
|
|
493 | |
|
|
|
493 | |
|
Review, Practice, and Explore |
|
|
495 | |
|
|
|
499 | |
|
|
|
513 | |
|
|
|
521 | |
|
|
|
525 | |
