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E-grāmata: Local Remedies in International Law

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Amerasinghe (Institut de Droit International--Institute of International Law, Belgium) investigates the development of the rule of exhaustion of local remedies as it is connected with the diplomatic protection of aliens and, by extension, peripherally to other areas of international law, such as human rights protection and the law relating to international organizations. This second edition has been updated in light of recent developments and now includes a new chapter dealing the subject of contracts involving aliens. In his discussion of the application of the rule of exhaustion of local remedies, he provides chapters on the incidence of the rule, the scope of the rule, limitations on the rule, the rule as applied to the use of procedural resources, waiver of the rule and estoppel, burden of proof, and procedural matters connected with the rule. He also offers a discussion of theories of the legal nature of the rule. Annotation ©2006 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Considers customary international law and the application of the rule to, among others, human rights protection and international organizations.

This second edition of C.F. Amerasinghe's successful 1993 book has been revised to include a new chapter on judicial organs of international organizations, as well as a considerably developed chapter on dispute settlement. Covering all the important institutional aspects of international organizations, it considers a range of topics, including membership and representation, international and national personality, the doctrine of ultra vives, liability of members to third parties, dissolution and succession. First Edition Hb (1993): 0-521-46317-3

Papildus informācija

This 2004 book considers customary international law and the application of the rule to, among others, human rights protection and international organizations.
Preface xiii
Table of cases xv
List of abbreviations xxix
Part I Prolegomena
1 Introduction
3(19)
The subject
3(10)
Scheme and method
13(9)
2 The evolution of the law relating to local remedies
22(21)
3 Basis of the rule
43(41)
The basis of diplomatic protection
43(13)
The interests of the state of nationality
48(1)
The interests of the defendant state, competing national states and entities other than the injured alien
49(3)
The interests and position of the injured alien
52(1)
Choices among competing interests and essentials
53(3)
The interests behind the rule of local remedies
56(8)
The interest of the host or respondent state
59(2)
The interest of the alien
61(1)
The interest of the alien's national state
61(1)
The interest of the international community
61(1)
Choices among competing interests
62(2)
The rule in human rights protection
64(20)
The context of human rights protection
68(3)
The basis of the local remedies rule in human rights protection
71(3)
The formulation of the rule in human rights instruments
74(3)
Trends in the application of theory in human rights protection as related to diplomatic protection
77(7)
4 The rule, denial of justice and violation of international law
84(23)
Meaning of the concept
84(8)
Incidence and relevance of the original injury
92(5)
Need to exhaust remedies
97(5)
International responsibility and violation of international law
102(2)
Conclusion: some basic principles
104(3)
5 Contracts, violation of international law, denial of justice and the rule
107(38)
The earlier authorities
108(18)
State practice
108(2)
International treaty practice
110(4)
International decisions
114(6)
Text writers
120(4)
Functional considerations
124(2)
The business context
124(1)
The international legal system
125(1)
The delictual analogy
125(1)
Deductions
126(1)
Exceptional circumstances giving rise to a violation of international law
126(1)
Later developments
127(10)
Choice of law
128(3)
Choice of jurisdictional forum
131(4)
The relationship between jurisdiction and the choice of the proper law of the contract
135(1)
Transnational law and breach of contract
136(1)
Conclusion
137(2)
The effect of referring alien-state contract claims to an international jurisdiction
139(6)
Part II Application of the rule
6 Incidence of the rule
145(34)
The direct injury
146(22)
The existence of the 'direct injury' exclusion
146(5)
The definition of 'direct injury'
151(17)
Jurisdictional connection
168(11)
The authorities
169(4)
The criterion of the location of the wrong
173(6)
7 Scope of the rule
179(21)
The requirement of availability of remedies
181(1)
Ordinary and extraordinary remedies: the requirement of legal nature
182(7)
The rationale for the applicable principle in regard to the nature of remedies
188(1)
The requirement of adequate and effective remedies
189(3)
The concept of normal use
192(3)
The raising of substantive issues
195(2)
Persons obligated to observe the rule
197(1)
The need for a final decision
198(2)
8 Limitations on the rule
200(16)
The unavailability and inaccessibility of remedies
203(1)
The ineffectiveness of remedies
204(6)
Undue delay
210(2)
Repetition of injury or likelihood of further damage
212(1)
Other possible exceptional circumstances
213(1)
Circumstances not limiting the operation of the rule
214(2)
9 The rule as applied to the use of procedural resources
216(31)
Procedures that are obligatory under the local law
219(4)
Procedures that are not obligatory but discretionary under the local law
223(17)
Verification of the effectiveness of the remedy
233(5)
The time in respect of which the two principles must be applied
238(2)
Obstruction by the respondent state
240(5)
General conclusions
245(2)
10 Waiver of the rule and estoppel
247(1)
Express waiver
247(3)
Implied waiver
250(17)
The optional clause
252(1)
Submission by states to international adjudication or arbitration
252(3)
The issue of arbitrability
255(1)
Non-inter-state arbitration agreements between states and private parties
256(9)
Failure to raise preliminary objection
265(1)
Request for a declaratory judgment
265(2)
Conciliation proceedings
267(1)
Waiver and investment treaties
267(9)
The principles of estoppel and good faith
276(4)
11 Burden of proof
280(1)
General principles in customary international law
280(5)
Burden of proof in regard to the exhaustion of local remedies
285(8)
12 Procedural matters connected with the rule
293(1)
The time for raising the objection based on the rule
293(2)
The time of decision on the objection based on the rule
295(1)
Joinder to the merits
296(2)
The time at which remedies must be exhausted
298(5)
Part III Peripheral and analogous applications of the rule
13 The rule and human rights protection
303(82)
The direct injury
305(5)
Jurisdictional connection
310(2)
Scope of the rule
312(13)
Availability and accessibility
312(1)
Ordinary and extraordinary remedies
313(3)
Effectiveness and adequacy
316(2)
Normal use
318(1)
Raising of substantive issues
319(3)
Need for a final decision
322(3)
Limitations on the rule
325(21)
Unavailability or inaccessibility of remedies
325(10)
Inefficacy
335(4)
Undue delay
339(2)
Repetition of injury or likelihood of further damage
341(1)
Limitations applied in human rights protection
341(4)
The prevailing condition
341(1)
Legislative measures and administrative practices
342(2)
The continuing situation
344(1)
Some non-limiting circumstances
345(1)
Use of procedural resources
346(1)
Waiver
347(3)
Express waiver
347(1)
Implied waiver
348(1)
Estoppel and good faith
349(1)
The burden of proof
350(6)
The European Convention on Human Rights
351(3)
The American Convention on Human Rights
354(1)
The Human Rights Committee
355(1)
Matters connected with procedure
356(6)
The time at which remedies must be exhausted
356(1)
The time for raising the objection
357(1)
The time of decision on the objection
358(1)
Joinder to the merits
359(3)
The six-months rule
362(4)
14 The rule and international organizations
366(1)
Claims by international organizations against states
367(4)
Claims against international organizations
371(4)
Claims by staff members against international organizations
375(10)
Part IV Nature of the rule
15 Nature of the rule
385(40)
The prevailing views in theory
387(5)
Theories explanatory of the rule
392(4)
Possible practical consequences of the different views of the nature of the rule
396(6)
The cause of action
396(1)
The time of incidence of international responsibility
397(1)
The manner in which the issue is treated internationally
398(2)
Waiver and estoppel
400(2)
Judicial and state practice
402(15)
Support for the substantive view
403(1)
Direct support for the procedural view
404(3)
The action taken by courts and judges
407(9)
Deductions
416(1)
The view of the rule in human rights protection
417(2)
Concluding observations
419(6)
Part V Epilogue
16 A concluding appraisal
425(13)
Balancing of interests
425(5)
The rule in human rights protection and its impact
430(6)
Relevance of theory
436(1)
Undue 'strictnesss' as a problem
436(1)
Analogous applications
437(1)
Index 438


Chittharanjan Felix Amerasinghe was formerly Judge at the UN Tribunal, New York, and of the Commonwealth Secretariat Tribunal in London. He was also Professor and Honorary Professor of Law, University of Ceylon, Colombo. He was also Director of the Secretariat and Registrar at the World Bank Tribunal in Washington.