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Londons Waterfront 11001666: Excavations in Thames Street, London, 197484 [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 544 pages, height x width x depth: 290x205x40 mm, weight: 2415 g, 292 figures; 162 tables; 38 artefact tables (colour throughout)
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Apr-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Archaeopress Archaeology
  • ISBN-10: 1784918377
  • ISBN-13: 9781784918378
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Formāts: Hardback, 544 pages, height x width x depth: 290x205x40 mm, weight: 2415 g, 292 figures; 162 tables; 38 artefact tables (colour throughout)
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Apr-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Archaeopress Archaeology
  • ISBN-10: 1784918377
  • ISBN-13: 9781784918378
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
This book presents and celebrates the mile-long Thames Street in the City of London and the land south of it to the River Thames as an archaeological asset. Four Museum of London excavations of 1974–84 are presented: Swan Lane, Seal House, New Fresh Wharf and Billingsgate Lorry Park. Here the findings of the period 1100–1666 are presented.

London&;s Waterfront 1100&;1666: excavations in Thames Street, London, 1974&;84 presents and celebrates the mile-long Thames Street in the City of London and the land south of it to the River Thames as an archaeological asset. The argument is based on the reporting of four excavations of 1974&;84 by the Museum of London near the north end of London Bridge: Swan Lane, Seal House, New Fresh Wharf and Billingsgate Lorry Park. Here the findings of the period 1100&;1666 are presented. Buildings and property development on sixteen properties south of Thames Street, on land reclaimed in many stages since the opening of the 12th century, include part of the parish church of St Botolph Billingsgate. The many units of land reclamation are dated by dendrochronology, coins and documents. They have produced thousands of artefacts and several hundred kilos of native and foreign pottery. Much of this artefactual material has been published, but in catalogue form (shoes, knives, horse fittings, dress accessories, textiles, household equipment). Now the context of these finds, their deposition in groups, is laid out for the first time. Highlights of the publication include the first academic analysis and assessment of a 13th- or 14th-century trumpet from Billingsgate, the earliest surviving straight trumpet in Europe; many pilgrim souvenirs; analysis of two drains of the 17th century from which suggestions can be made about use of rooms and spaces within documented buildings; and the proposal that one of the skeletons excavated from St Botolph&;s church is John Reynewell, mayor of London in 1426&;7 and a notable figure in London&;s medieval history. The whole publication encourages students and other researchers of all kinds to conduct further research on any aspect of the sites and their very rich artefactual material, which is held at the Museum of London&;s Archaeological Archive. This is a significantly large and varied dataset for the archaeology and history of London in the period 1100 to 1666 which can be continuously interrogated for generations to come.
List of Figures
vi
List of Tables
xi
Summary xv
Acknowledgements xxii
1 The report: introduction
1(17)
1.1 The Four study sites
1(3)
1.2 The topographical framework of the excavations: properties and parishes
4(1)
1.3 The circumstances of the excavations 1974--84
5(7)
1.4 The pottery and artefacts from the study sites
12(2)
1.5 Organisation of this report, conventions, abbreviations and codes
14(3)
1.6 Research questions and comparisons
17(1)
2 Period M1 (1100--1200, 1220 on site A)
18(38)
2.1 The port of London 1100--1200
18(4)
2.2 Swan Lane (site A) in period M1 (1100--1200, possibly to 1220)
22(8)
Waterfronts and new buildings, period A1 (1150--about 1220)
23(1)
Waterfronts, foreshores and buildings, period A2 (1150--about 1220)
23(7)
2.3 Seal House (site B) in period M1 (1100--1200)
30(7)
Silting, B: Waterfront 1 and B: Building 1, 1140--c 1180 (period 133)
30(5)
Robbing of B: Waterfront 1, construction of B: Waterfront 2 (c 1180 1200) (period B4)
35(1)
Objects from period M1 from site B
36(1)
2.4 New Fresh Wharf (site C) in period M1, 1100--1200
37(9)
Tenement 9
38(1)
Tenement 10 And the inlet on its west side
38(2)
Tenement 11
40(1)
Tenement 12
41(3)
Tenement 13
44(1)
Tenement 14
44(2)
2.5 Billingsgate Lorry Park (site D) in period M1 (1100--1200)
46(5)
Tenement 15
46(5)
2.6 Discussion: the waterfront of London in the 12th century
51(5)
Reclamation, waterfront structures and Thames Street
51(3)
Buildings and their functions on the study sites; pottery and artefacts
54(2)
3 Period M2 1200--1350
56(87)
3.1 The port of London 1200--1350
56(3)
3.2 Swan Lane (site A) in period M2 (1220--1350)
59(22)
Tenement 1
61(2)
Tenement 2
63(6)
Tenement 3
69(8)
Tenement 4
77(1)
Tenement 5
78(1)
Summary of site A in period M2 (1220--1350)
79(2)
3.3 Seal House (site B) in period M2 (1200--1350)
81(17)
Tenement 6
81(16)
Tenement 7
97(1)
Tenement 8 (The Peacock)
97(1)
Summary of site B in period M2 (1200--1350)
97(1)
3.4 New Fresh Wharf (site C) in period M2 (1200--1350)
98(9)
Tenement 9 (Le Cok On The Hoop; Croskeys)
99(3)
Tenement 10 (later The King's Arms)
102(1)
Tenement 11 (Freshwharf)
103(1)
Tenement 12 (le Brodegate)
104(1)
Tenement 13
105(1)
Tenement 14
105(1)
Summary of site C in period M2 (1200--1350)
106(1)
3.5 Billingsgate (site 1)) in period M2 (1200--1350)
107(29)
Tenement 15 Botolph Wharf and St Botolph Billingsgate 1200--1350
108(27)
Objects found during later earth-moving, 1983--4
135(1)
3.6 Discussion: the waterfront of London 1200--1350
136(7)
Reclamation, waterfront structures and the level of Thames Street
136(4)
Buildings and their functions on the study sites; pottery and artefacts
140(3)
4 Period M3 1350--1500
143(71)
4.1 The port of London 1350--1500
143(3)
4.2 Swan lane (site A) in period M3, 1350 to 1500
146(18)
Waterfronts and foreshores, period A6
146(9)
Tenement 1 (the Three Stars) (period M3, 1350--1500)
155(5)
Tenement 2 (Cok on the Hoop/Ie Stewehous) (period M3, 1350--1500)
160(1)
Tenement 3 (period M3, 1350--1500+)
161(2)
Tenement 4 (le Katerine While) (period M3, 1350--1500)
163(1)
Tenement 5 (le Mone on the Hop) (period M3, 1350 to 1500)
164(1)
4.3 Seal House (site B) in period M3, 1350--1500
164(7)
Tenement 6 (The Black Raven)
164(6)
Tenement 7 (Our Lady)
170(1)
Tenement 8 (The Peacock)
170(1)
Waterfront structures recorded on the watching brief on Tenements 6 to 8
171(1)
4.4 New fresh Wharf (site C) in period M3, 1350--1500
171(8)
Tenement 9 (Le Cok On The Hoop; Croskeys)
171(1)
Tenement 10 (including Rothersgate)
172(1)
Tenement 11 (Freshwharf)
172(1)
Tenement 12 (Brodegaie)
173(1)
Tenement 13
174(3)
Tenement 14
177(2)
4.5 Billingsgate (site 1)) in period M3, 1350--1500
179(31)
Tenement 15 (Botolph Wharf)
180(1)
Period D12.8 to 12.10 Second half of 14th century
180(3)
Period D13 Mid to late 14th century
183(4)
Period D14 Early to mid 15th century
187(9)
Period D15.1 to 15.2 (second half of 15th century, possibly c 1455)
196(5)
The church of St Botolph Billingsgate from the 12th to the early 16th century
201(9)
4.6 Discussion: the waterfront of London 1350--1500
210(4)
Reclamation, waterfront structures and Thames Street
211(1)
Buildings and their functions on the study sites; pottery and artefacts
212(2)
5 Period P1 (1500 to 1666)
214(64)
5.1 The port of London 1500 to 1666
214(4)
The Legal Quays, trade and the new trading companies
214(1)
Developments in the number and size of ships
215(1)
Queenhithe and Billingsgate; the Steelyard and Custom House; London Bridge; livery company halls south of Thames Street
216(2)
5.2 Swan Lane (site A) in period P1, 1500--1666
218(4)
Tenement 1
218(3)
Tenement 2
221(1)
Tenement 3 The Old Swan
221(1)
Tenement 4 (le Kateryn Whele)
221(1)
Tenement 5
222(1)
5.3 Seal House (site B) in period P1, 1500--1666
222(3)
Tenement 7 (Our Lady) and Tenement 8 (The Peacock)
225(1)
5.4 The riverside ends of sites A and B in pre-Fire panoramas
225(2)
5.5 New Fresh Wharf (site C) in period P1, 1500--1606
227(6)
Tenement 9 (le Crosskeys)
227(2)
Tenement 10 (The King's Arms)
229(1)
Tenement 11 (Frcshwharf)
230(1)
Tenement 12 (Gaunt's Quay)
230(1)
Tenement 13 (Cox's Quay)
230(1)
Tenement 14 (Hammond's Quay or the Half Moon)
231(2)
5.6 Billingsgate (site D) in period P1, 1500--1666
233(36)
Tenement 15 Botolph Wharf and St Botolph's church
233(2)
St Botolph Billingsgate, 1500--1666: documentary evidence
235(4)
St Botolph Billingsgate and Botolph Wharf, 1500--1666: archaeological evidence
239(30)
Tenement 16 (Lyon Quay) in period P1 (1500--1666)
269(1)
5.7 The riverside ends of sites C and D in pre-Fire panoramas
269(2)
5.8 Discussion: the waterfront of London 1500--1666
271(6)
Reclamation and waterfront structures
271(2)
Buildings and their functions on the study sites; pottery and artefacts
273(1)
The Great Fire and after
274(2)
Thames Street as an historic and archaeological asset
276(1)
5.9 Conclusions
277(1)
6 Essays and specialist reports: the development and character of the waterfront of the City of London, 1100--1666, and suggestions for future research
278(141)
John Schofield
6.1 The nature and purpose of reclamation, including the design of waterfront structures, 1100--1666
280(3)
Reclamation, river levels and the levels of Thames Street
280(2)
The design of the riverside walls: wood and stone
282(1)
6.2 Properties and buildings on the waterfront, 1100--1666
283(21)
From 1100 to 1350
284(4)
From 1350 to 1500
288(6)
From 1500 to 1666
294(4)
Industries and trades on the waterfront
298(4)
St Botolph Billingsgate church
302(2)
6.3 The people and burials at St Botolph Billingsgate
304(2)
Jelena Bekvalac
John Schofield
6.4 The significance of the non-ceramic artefacts, 1100--1450
306(9)
John Clark
John Schofield
The finds: previous publication
307(1)
Are they from the site or from the city?
308(2)
Dating the finds
310(1)
Throwing things away and a consumer culture: the research significance of the finds
311(3)
Omissions from the finds volumes and scope for future finds research
314(1)
6.5 The Billingsgate trumpet
315(14)
Sabine K. Klaus
Introduction
315(2)
Physical description
317(3)
Metal analysis
320(1)
Microscopic analysis
321(1)
Historical and iconographical context
322(1)
Function and use
323(1)
Dating and provenance
323(1)
Conclusion and questions
324(1)
Acknowledgements
324(5)
6.6 Medieval and post-medieval pottery
329(40)
Lyn Blackmore
Jacqui Pearce
Introduction
329(1)
Research questions answered, and those for the future
329(6)
Early pottery recording in London and general methodology for this publication
335(13)
Swan Lane (site A) and Seal House (site B): medieval wares
348(11)
Swan Line (site A) and Seal House (site B): post-medieval wares
359(1)
The chronological distribution of the pottery on sites A and B
360(5)
Pottery from site C (New Fresh Wharf)
365(1)
Jacqui Pearce
Pottery from site D (Billingsgate)
366(3)
Jacqui Pearce
Lyn Blackmore
6.7 Ceramic building material from site D
369(17)
Ian M. Betts
Possible early glazed floor tile
369(1)
The tiles in St Botolph's church, period D15.3 (tile floor 1)
370(1)
The tiles in St Botolph's church, period D16.6 (tile floors 3 and 4)
370(1)
General notes on the different types of medieval tiles
371(1)
Tin-glazed floor tiles
371(5)
Tin-glazed wall tiles
376(1)
Roofing Tiles
377(3)
Brick
380(1)
Floor tiles from the watching brief at Site D
381(3)
Appendix: Ceramic fabric types
384(2)
6.8 Analysis of the human skeletal remains from St Botolph Billingsgate
386(1)
Jelena Bekvalac
Preservation
386(1)
Demography
387(2)
Adult age at death
389(1)
Sub-adult age at death
389(1)
Stature and growth
389(1)
Skeletal indices
390(1)
Infectious disease
390(1)
Trauma
391(1)
Cranial trauma
392(1)
Spinal joint disease
393(1)
Extra spinal joint disease
394(3)
Congenital and developmental abnormalities
397(2)
Metabolic disease
399(1)
Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI)
400(1)
Paget's disease
401(1)
Non-metric traits
401(1)
Dental health
402(3)
Individuals from the brick graves
405(1)
Discussion
405(2)
6.9 Detailed notes on aspects of the documentary history of the sites in 1500--1666
407(1)
Tony Dyson
6.10 Wills mentioning the fabric, ornaments, fraternities, chantries or earlier burials in the church or cemetery of St Botolph Billingsgate to 1558
407(7)
Stephen Freeth
6.11 Moulded stones from St Botolph Billingsgate
414(1)
John Schofield
6.12 The Billingsgate waterfronts: conservation and display
414(5)
Helen Ganiaris
Suzanne Keene
Introduction
414(1)
Care and preparation of the timbers
414(1)
Treatment of waterlogged wood
415(1)
Display
416(1)
Acknowledgements
417(2)
7 Dating Tables and Artefact Tables
419(42)
John Schofield
Carolyn Carlson
Lyn Blackmore
Jacqui Pearce
Period M1 1100--1200/20
418(6)
Period M2 1200/20--1350
424(14)
Period M3 1350--1500
438(5)
Period P1 (1500--1066)
443(3)
7.2 Artefact tables
446(15)
Period M3
454(7)
8 Section drawings and supporting files online
461(24)
John Schofield
8.1 Section drawings and elevations, sites B and C
461(23)
8.2 Supporting files in the archive and online
484(1)
9 Summaries in French and German
485(7)
Madeleine Hummler
Resume
485(3)
Zusammenfassung
488(4)
10 Bibliography and abbreviations
492(17)
Index 509
John Schofield was an archaeologist at the Museum of London from 1974 to 2008. He has written several well-received books on the archaeology of London and of British medieval towns; and as Cathedral Archaeologist for St Pauls Cathedral, archaeological accounts of the medieval and Wren buildings. ;





Lyn Blackmore is a Senior Ceramics and Finds Specialist who has worked for MOLA and its predecessors since 1986. In 200914 she was Assistant Treasurer of the Medieval Pottery Research Group and in 2017 was elected co-editor of its journal Medieval Ceramics, a role she first held in 198994. ;





Jacqui Pearce is a Senior Ceramics Specialist with MOLA, focusing especially on medieval and later pottery, on which she has published widely. In 2017 she was elected President of the Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology. ;





Tony Dyson was the principal documentary historian and general editor at the Department of Urban Archaeology of the Museum of London from 1974 to 1998.