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E-grāmata: Long Search for Peace: Volume 1, The Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post-Cold War Operations: Observer Missions and Beyond, 1947-2006

(Australian National University, Canberra), (Australian National University, Canberra),
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  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Oct-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316997765
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Oct-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316997765

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Volume I of the Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post-Cold War Operations recounts the Australian peacekeeping missions that began between 1947 and 1982, and follows them through to 2006, which is the end point of this series. The operations described in The Long Search for Peace - some long, some short; some successful, some not - represent a long period of learning and experimentation, and were a necessary apprenticeship for all that was to follow. Australia contributed peacekeepers to all major decolonisation efforts: for thirty-five years in Kashmir, fifty-three years in Cyprus, and (as of writing) sixty-one years in the Middle East, as well as shorter deployments in Indonesia, Korea and Rhodesia. This volume also describes some smaller-scale Australian missions in the Congo, West New Guinea, Yemen, Uganda and Lebanon. It brings to life Australia's long-term contribution not only to these operations but also to the very idea of peacekeeping.

In The Long Search for Peace, Peter Londey, Rhys Crawley and David Horner weave a rich and compelling tapestry of official government files and personal narratives of peacekeeping veterans to present this authoritative account of the origins of Australian peacekeeping.

Papildus informācija

The Long Search for Peace recounts Australian peacekeeping missions that began between 1947 and 1982 and follows them to 2006.
List of maps
xiii
Preface xv
Glossary xx
PART 1 ACT OR AND OB SERVER: THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS
1(392)
1 The origins of peacekeeping: Australia responds to the post-war world
3(28)
The League of Nations
4(2)
Peacekeeping under the League of Nations
6(2)
Australia and the League of Nations
8(2)
The UN plan for collective security
10(3)
H.V. Evatt and the United Nations
13(3)
H.V. Evatt, the Australian Labor Party and the post-war world
16(5)
Australian engagement with Indonesia, Greece and Palestine
21(4)
The Liberal-Country Party government, 1949-72
25(5)
Conclusion
30(1)
2 St George and the maiden: Australia and the Indonesian question, 1945-47
31(26)
The Netherlands East Indies
31(2)
A new generation of leaders
33(2)
The Second World War and after
35(3)
Australia and the NEI in the 1930s
38(2)
Wartime relationships
40(3)
Proposals for action
43(2)
On the sidelines
45(4)
Enter the United Nations
49(3)
The first Dutch `police action'
52(2)
Decisions in New York
54(3)
3 Inventing peacekeeping: The United Nations in Indonesia, 1947-48
57(38)
Charles Eaton and the Consular Commission
58(6)
The military situation
64(1)
Australia's first peacekeepers
65(5)
Observing for the Consular Commission
70(3)
Setting up Ungoc
73(2)
Observers for Ungoc
75(2)
Role of the observers
77(3)
Ugly events
80(3)
The Renville agreement
83(2)
The observers after Renville
85(2)
Providing observers
87(2)
The observers arrive in Indonesia
89(4)
Milex Directive no. 4
93(2)
4 Failure: The United Nations in Indonesia, 1948
95(24)
The Security Council and Ungoc
96(1)
The United States of Indonesia
97(1)
Economic issues
98(1)
Observing for Ungoc, March-December 1948
99(3)
Australia's contribution
102(2)
Incidents
104(3)
Stalemate
107(2)
The second Dutch `police action'
109(4)
Delay and diplomacy
113(4)
Turning point: Ungoc becomes Unci
117(2)
5 Success: The United Nations in Indonesia, 1949-51
119(15)
Australians with Unci
120(3)
Observing for Unci
123(4)
Bad boys
127(1)
Indonesian independence
128(3)
Conclusion
131(3)
6 Observing at a critical moment: Australia and Korea, 1947-53
134(24)
Background
136(2)
Untcok
138(2)
Creation of Uncok
140(3)
Military observers
143(4)
Peach and Rankin in Korea
147(4)
The end of Uncok
151(2)
Uncurk
153(2)
The United Nations in Korea
155(3)
7 An intractable dispute: Australia and the Kashmir problem, 1947-51
158(27)
Origins of the Kashmir problem
158(2)
The United Nations and Uncip
160(4)
Military observers and ceasefire
164(1)
Establishing a ceasefire line
165(2)
The end of Uncip
167(3)
Plebiscite Administrator, arbitrator, mediator
170(3)
Owen Dixon
173(5)
Appointment of Robert Nimmo
178(1)
Further efforts at diplomacy
179(3)
The Commonwealth option?
182(2)
Conclusion
184(1)
8 `Tough men wanted': Australian military observers in Kashmir, 1951-71
185(34)
General Nimmo takes over
186(2)
Organisation of Unmogip
188(2)
Role of the observers
190(1)
Australia sends observers
191(3)
Australia's observers
194(7)
Observing in Kashmir
201(4)
Increasing tensions
205(3)
The Indo-Pakistani War, 1965
208(2)
Negotiations
210(4)
Unipom
214(1)
Death of Nimmo
214(1)
Observing after the 1965 war
215(2)
Conclusion
217(2)
9 Australia and the problem of Palestine: Peacekeeping in the Middle East, 1948-67
219(32)
Palestine
220(4)
The partition of Palestine and the 1948 war
224(3)
Untso, 1948-56
227(3)
Australian attitudes, 1948-56
230(4)
Australia joins Untso
234(3)
The Suez Crisis and Unef I
237(3)
Untso, 1956-62
240(7)
Unyom
247(1)
Untso, 1962-67
248(3)
10 The Six Day War and after: Australians in the Middle East, 1967-73
251(26)
Untso at war
251(3)
Australian observers
254(1)
Lead-up to the 1967 war
255(2)
The Six Day War
257(1)
Responses to war
258(2)
The continuing basis for Untso
260(2)
Israel and Jordan
262(1)
Israel and Lebanon
263(1)
Israel and Syria: The Golan
263(3)
Howard on the Golan
266(2)
Israel and Egypt: Skinner on the Suez Canal
268(4)
Howard at Kantara
272(3)
Untso in the early 1970s
275(1)
Assessment
275(2)
11 `If you're not confused, you don't understand the situation': Australia responds to the Congo crisis, 1960-61
277(18)
Australian interests in Congo
278(3)
Australians on loan
281(3)
Australian medical contribution
284(7)
Australian interest wanes
291(4)
12 Over jungle and swamp: Australian Army helicopters in West New Guinea, 1962-63
295(23)
Origins
296(1)
Post-colonial Wesr New Guinea
297(2)
Australian attitudes
299(3)
The United Nations steps in
302(1)
Untea
303(4)
United Nations Security Force
307(2)
Australian Army and RAAF personnel in West New Guinea
309(7)
Conclusion
316(2)
13 A reluctant start: The road to Cyprus, 1964
318(29)
Cyprus and the empires
320(2)
The struggle for an independent Cyprus
322(3)
Australia and the struggle in Cyprus
325(2)
The 1963 violence
327(2)
Forming a peacekeeping force
329(1)
Australia is approached
330(3)
Establishing Unficyp
333(3)
Organising civilian police for Unficyp
336(2)
Canada intervenes
338(1)
Australia commits
339(2)
Organising the contingent
341(4)
Conclusion
345(2)
14 The first decade: Australian police in Cyprus, 1964-74
347(31)
Force structure and role
350(2)
The Australians begin work
352(3)
Unarmed police
355(1)
Searching for Macey and Piatt
356(1)
Heightened tension
357(2)
A change in scenery
359(1)
Conditions
360(2)
Lessons for the future
362(2)
Replacing the contingent
364(1)
Recurring themes
365(3)
Continuity and change
368(1)
Continued violence
369(1)
Structural changes
370(1)
Fatalities
371(1)
Downsizing the Australian contingent
371(2)
Towards withdrawal
373(2)
Assessing Australia's contribution
375(3)
15 Australia and the invention of peacekeeping
378(15)
The need for peacekeeping
378(5)
Indonesia, 1947 8: The invention of peacekeeping
383(6)
Australia and peacekeeping
389(4)
PART 2 NEW AMBITIONS: THE LATER COLD WAR YEARS
393(322)
16 The new internationalists: Peacekeeping after the Vietnam War, 1972-87
395(29)
Commitments in the 1960s
396(4)
The end of forward defence
400(1)
The Whitlam government and peacekeeping
401(3)
The Whitlam government's defence policy
404(2)
Planning for peacekeeping deployments
406(2)
The Fraser government and Unef II
408(1)
Fraser's foreign policy
409(1)
Coalition defence policy
410(2)
Namibia
412(2)
Rhodesia/Zimbabwe
414(1)
Multinational Force and Observers
414(3)
The Fraser government's record
417(1)
The Hawke government
418(4)
Conclusion
422(2)
17 A `lop-sided' umpire: Australian military observers in Kashmir, 1971-85
424(29)
Australia and Unmogip
425(2)
The road to war
427(1)
War in Kashmir
428(2)
Restrictions
430(3)
Administration of Australian observers, 1975---85
433(4)
Joint Staff peacekeeping report
437(1)
Allowances for Australian observers
438(2)
Predeployment preparation
440(1)
Field conditions
441(5)
The dependants
446(1)
Questioning the value of Australia's involvement
447(1)
Withdrawal
447(4)
Conclusion
451(2)
18 Snow Goose and the Milk Run: RAAF transport support for Unmogip, 1975-78
453(29)
Australia asked to assist
454(1)
The contract saga
455(4)
Preparations
459(2)
Journey of the Snow Goose
461(3)
The first 12 months
464(7)
Discussions at home
471(2)
Work and life in Kashmir
473(5)
Withdrawal
478(2)
Conclusion
480(2)
19 An island divided: Austcivpol in Cyprus, 1974-76
482(23)
The coup
483(3)
Turkish intervention
486(4)
Considering the options
490(2)
Renewed Turkish operations
492(2)
Still considering the options
494(1)
New arrivals
495(2)
Tension in Limassol
497(1)
Work in the villages
498(1)
Operation Mayflower
499(3)
To the buffer zone
502(1)
Conclusion
503(2)
20 Desert sortie: United Nations Emergency Force II, 1976-79
505(27)
Prelude to war
506(1)
Yom Kippur War, 1973
507(3)
UnefII
510(3)
Australia joins Unef II
513(5)
The first contingent
518(6)
Later contingents
524(3)
Australians at Unef headquarters
527(1)
The endofUNEF
528(3)
Conclusion
531(1)
21 On the Golan: Australian military observers in Israel and Syria, 1973-89
532(19)
The Golan before the 1973 war
533(2)
The Yom Kippur War on the Golan
535(1)
Untso during the war
536(2)
After the war
538(3)
Setting up Undof
541(1)
Undof continues
542(1)
Australians in Untso
543(6)
Undof at the end of the Cold War
549(2)
22 Witnesses to civil war: Australian military observers in Lebanon, 1972-89
551(27)
Towards Lebanese independence
552(2)
Lebanon and Israel, 1948-75
554(1)
Civil war in Lebanon
555(1)
Untso in Lebanon, 1972-78
556(3)
The 1978 invasion and Unifil
559(2)
A role for Australia?
561(1)
Forming Unifil
562(2)
Australians working for Unifil
564(4)
Untso and Unifil, 1978-82
568(2)
Israeli invasion, 1982
570(2)
Untso and Unifil, 1983-89
572(6)
23 Fumbling the political football: Multinational Force and Observers, 1982-86
578(27)
The problem emerges
578(5)
The problem comes back
583(2)
Indecision and hysteria
585(5)
Decision, of a sort
590(2)
Australia's contribution
592(2)
Return to the Sinai
594(9)
The government reconsiders
603(1)
The end, for now
604(1)
24 The tribe that lost its head: Finding a resolution in Rhodesia, 1979
605(17)
Origins
606(3)
UDI
609(1)
Australia's reaction
610(1)
Early fighting in the Zambezi Valley
611(1)
Australian policy, 1966-72
612(2)
Guerrilla war, 1972-79
614(1)
International pressure brings results
615(1)
A role for Australia
616(2)
Lancaster House
618(1)
The Commonwealth Monitoring Force
618(4)
25 Into Africa: Deploying the force to Rhodesia, 1979-80
622(18)
The situation in Rhodesia
622(2)
Lancaster House
624(1)
Planning the CMF
625(2)
Acland and Learmont take over
627(2)
Concept of operations and rules of engagement
629(1)
Forming the Australian contingent
630(3)
Threat assessments
633(1)
Reconnaissance and arrival
634(3)
The Australians in town
637(3)
26 A dangerous but crucial mission: Monitoring in Rhodesia, 1979-80
640(20)
Deploying to RSF bases
641(4)
In the field with the RSF
645(2)
Monitoring and impartiality
647(2)
Monitoring the cantonment of the PF
649(2)
Setting up the APs
651(2)
Cantonment
653(5)
The APs and the RSF
658(1)
Conclusion
658(2)
27 The healing touch: Elections in Rhodesia, 1980
660(30)
Assessments
661(1)
Cantonment achieved
662(3)
Security
665(1)
The South African issue
666(3)
Life at the APs
669(1)
Security of the monitors
670(1)
Building relationships
671(1)
PF outside the APs: claim and counter-claim
672(2)
Joint patrols
674(1)
Muzorewa's auxiliaries
675(1)
RSF patrolling
676(2)
Elections
678(1)
Campaigning and intimidation
679(3)
Forecasts and outcome
682(1)
Withdrawal
683(2)
Assessment
685(5)
28 `The only show in town': Commonwealth Military Training Team - Uganda, 1982-84
690(25)
Background
690(4)
CHOGM, 1981
694(1)
CMTTU
695(1)
Team 1 - ACCMTTU
696(8)
Team 2 - ACCMTTU
704(3)
Team 3 - ACCMTTU
707(2)
Team 4 - ACCMTTU
709(2)
Conclusion
711(4)
PART 3 CARRYING ON: AFTER THE COLD WAR
715(121)
29 A sustained commitment: Austcivpol in Cyprus, 1974-2006
717(34)
Ongoing tension
718(1)
The Thurgar incident
719(3)
Administrative and srructural change
722(5)
Integration and considering the future
727(2)
Routine duties
729(1)
Humanitarian work
730(4)
Policing the buffer zone
734(5)
`Extensive civil unrest'
739(3)
Failed negotiations
742(2)
Opening the crossings
744(2)
Another AFP review
746(1)
Another UN review
747(1)
Conclusion
748(3)
30 Uprisings and wars: Australians in Untso, 1990-2005
751(28)
Untso in 1990
752(2)
Gulf crisis, 1990-91
754(2)
Return to Beirut
756(1)
Reducing the size of Untso
757(2)
Untso and Israel
759(1)
Continued instability
760(2)
Reassessing Australia's commitment
762(1)
Dangerous service
763(2)
Female observers
765(3)
Major General Tim Ford
768(4)
Military adviser to Unsco
772(2)
After the terrorist attacks in the United States
774(2)
Invasion of Iraq, 2003
776(3)
31 Service in the Sinai: Australia and the MFO, 1993-2006
779(35)
MFO organisational structure
780(2)
Australia recommits
782(2)
Reconnaissance party
784(1)
Preparations
785(1)
Australia's MFO roles and responsibilities
786(4)
Bedding in
790(1)
Conditions of service
791(3)
Protracted negotiations
794(2)
Commanding the MFO
796(5)
Hit and run
801(2)
Changing security situation
803(2)
Moves to withdraw
805(1)
Renewed regional tension
806(3)
Terrorism strikes the Sinai
809(1)
New role for the MFO
810(2)
Conclusion
812(2)
32 In the midst of war: Australians in Lebanon, 2006
814(22)
Prelude to war
815(1)
Lebanon war, 2006
815(2)
Australian Unmos in southern Lebanon
817(5)
Demands for evacuation
822(3)
Operation Ramp
825(5)
Evacuation operations
830(4)
A continuing commitment
834(2)
Conclusion 836(4)
Appendix A Australian participation in multinational peacekeeping operations, 1947-2007 840(5)
Appendix B Major office bearers, 1947-2006 845(5)
Appendix C United Nations Humanitarian Mission in Indo-China, 1975 850(2)
Bibliography 852(23)
Index 875
Peter Londey has taught in Classics at the Australian National University and worked as a senior historian at the Australian War Memorial. At the Memorial he wrote the first history of Australian peacekeeping, Other Peoples' Wars (2004). David Horner is Emeritus Professor in the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the Australian National University, where he was previously Professor of Australian Defence History. He is the Official Historian of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post-Cold War Operations. Rhys Crawley is an historian at the Australian War Memorial, a Visiting Fellow at the Australian National University, and an adjunct lecturer at the University of New South Wales, Canberra.