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Loose Leaf for Biology 13th ed. [Loose-leaf]

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  • Formāts: Loose-leaf, 1472 pages, height x width x depth: 274x226x48 mm, weight: 2699 g, Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 04-Jan-2022
  • Izdevniecība: McGraw-Hill Companies
  • ISBN-10: 1264408897
  • ISBN-13: 9781264408894
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  • Formāts: Loose-leaf, 1472 pages, height x width x depth: 274x226x48 mm, weight: 2699 g, Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 04-Jan-2022
  • Izdevniecība: McGraw-Hill Companies
  • ISBN-10: 1264408897
  • ISBN-13: 9781264408894
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
"With the new 13th edition, Raven and Johnson's Biology continues the momentum built over the last four editions. We continue to provide an unmatched comprehensive text fully integrated with a continually evolving, state-of-the-art digital environment. We have used this revision to recommit ourselves to our roots as the majors biology text that best integrates evolution throughout. We have added material emphasizing the relevance of evolution throughout the ecology section, not only in all four ecology chapters, but also in the chapters on behavior and conservation biology. In the animal form and function section we have done extensive revision to modernize, and to emphasize evolution in the context of physiology. Important contributions to this effort came from Dr. Charles Welsh (Duquesne University), who provided his knowledge and experience to this important section. We have also moved the examples and insights from the chapter devoted to the evolution of development to place them into the appropriatecontext throughout the book. This emphasizes the importance of evolution and development by continually providing examples rather than gathering them together in a single chapter"--

The Raven & Johnson's Biology author team is committed to continually improving the text, keeping the student and learning foremost. The integrated pedagogical features expand the students' learning process and enhance their learning experience. This latest edition of the text maintains the clear, accessible, and engaging writing style of past editions with the solid framework of pedagogy that highlights an emphasis on evolution and scientific inquiry that have made this a leading textbook for students majoring in biology. This emphasis on the organizing power of evolution is combined with an integration of the importance of cellular, molecular biology and genomics to offer our readers a text that is student friendly and current.
Additionally, with McGraw Hill Connect, powerful digital tools augment instruction by helping students think more critically, develop quantitative and graphing skills and apply their knowledge in a laboratory setting. Connect Virtual Labs can be implemented in a hybrid or fully online setting to help students prepare for the wet lab and strengthening their lab experience.


Committed to Excellence xi
Preparing Students for the Future xv
Part I The Molecular Basis of Life
1 The Science of Biology
1(17)
1.1 The Science of Life
2(2)
1.2 The Nature of Science
4(4)
1.3 An Example of Scientific Inquiry: Darwin and Evolution
8(4)
1.4 Core Concepts in Biology
12(6)
2 The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
18(17)
2.1 The Nature of Atoms
19(4)
2.2 Elements Found in Living Systems
23(1)
2.3 The Nature of Chemical Bonds
24(2)
2.4 Water: A Vital Compound
26(3)
2.5 Properties of Water
29(1)
2.6 Acids and Bases
30(5)
3 The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
35(27)
3.1 Carbon: The Framework of Biological Molecules
36(4)
3.2 Carbohydrates: Energy Storage and Structural Molecules
40(3)
3.3 Nucleic Acids: Information Molecules
43(3)
3.4 Proteins: Molecules with Diverse Structures and Functions
46(10)
3.5 Lipids: Hydrophobic Molecules
56(6)
Part II Biology of the Cell
4 Cell Structure
62(30)
4.1 Cell Theory
63(3)
4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
66(2)
4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
68(4)
4.4 The Endomembrane System
72(4)
4.5 Mitochondria and Chloroplasts: Cellular Generators
76(2)
4.6 The Cytoskeleton
78(4)
4.7 Extracellular Structures and Cell Movement
82(3)
4.8 Cell-to-Cell Interactions
85(7)
5 Membranes
92(20)
5.1 The Structure of Membranes
93(3)
5.2 Phospholipids: The Membrane's Foundation
96(2)
5.3 Proteins: Multifunctional Components
98(2)
5.4 Passive Transport Across Membranes
100(4)
5.5 Active Transport Across Membranes
104(2)
5.6 Bulk Transport by Endocytosis and Exocytosis
106(6)
6 Energy and Metabolism
112(15)
6.1 The How of Energy in Living Systems
113(1)
6.2 The Laws of Thermodynamics and Free Energy
114(3)
6.3 ATP: The Energy Currency of Cells
117(1)
6.4 Enzymes: Biological Catalysts
118(4)
6.5 Metabolism: The Chemical Description of Cell Function
122(5)
7 How Cells Harvest Energy
127(26)
7.1 Overview of Cellular Respiration
128(4)
7.2 Glycolysis: Splitting Glucose
132(3)
7.3 The Oxidation of Pyruvate Produces Acetyl-CoA
135(1)
7.4 The Citric Acid Cycle
136(3)
7.5 The Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis
139(3)
7.6 Energy Yield of Aerobic Respiration
142(1)
7.7 Regulation of Aerobic Respiration
143(1)
7.8 Oxidation Without 02
144(2)
7.9 Catabolism of Proteins and Fats
146(2)
7.10 Evolution of Metabolism
148(5)
8 Photosynthesis
153(22)
8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
154(1)
8.2 The Discovery of Photosynthetic Processes
155(2)
8.3 Pigments
157(3)
8.4 Photosystem Organization
160(2)
8.5 The Light-Dependent Reactions
162(4)
8.6 Carbon Fixation: The Calvin Cycle
166(3)
8.7 Photorespiration
169(6)
9 Cell Communication
175(19)
9.1 Overview of Cell Communication
176(3)
9.2 Receptor Types
179(1)
9.3 Intracellular Receptors
180(2)
9.4 Signal Transduction Through Receptor Kinases
182(4)
9.5 Signal Transduction Through G Protein-Coupled Receptors
186(8)
10 How Cells Divide
194(22)
10.1 Bacterial Cell Division
195(2)
10.2 Eukaryotic Chromosomes
197(3)
10.3 Overview of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
200(1)
10.4 Interphase: Preparation for Mitosis
201(1)
10.5 M Phase: Chromosome Segregation and the Division of Cytoplasmic Contents
202(4)
10.6 Control of the Cell Cycle
206(5)
10.7 Genetics of Cancer
211(5)
Part III Genetic and Molecular Biology
11 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
216(14)
11.1 Sexual Reproduction Requires Meiosis
217(1)
11.2 Features of Meiosis
218(1)
11.3 The Process of Meiosis
219(6)
11.4 Summing Up: Meiosis versus Mitosis
225(5)
12 Patterns of Inheritance
230(18)
12.1 The Mystery of Heredity
231(2)
12.2 Monohybrid Crosses: The Principle of Segregation
233(3)
12.3 Dihybrid Crosses: The Principle of Independent Assortment
236(2)
12.4 Probability: Predicting the Results of Crosses
238(1)
12.5 Extensions to Mendel
239(9)
13 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance, and Human Genetics
248(20)
13.1 Sex Linkage and the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
249(2)
13.2 Exceptions to Mendelian Inheritance
251(2)
13.3 Genetic Mapping
253(3)
13.4 Human Genetics
256(6)
13.5 Human Genetic Mapping and Association Studies
262(6)
14 DNA: The Genetic Material
268(22)
14.1 The Nature of the Genetic Material
269(2)
14.2 DNA Structure
271(4)
14.3 Basic Characteristics of DNA Replication
275(3)
14.4 Prokaryotic Replication
278(5)
14.5 Eukaryotic Replication
283(2)
14.6 DNA Repair
285(5)
15 Genes and How They Work
290(28)
15.1 The Nature of Genes
291(3)
15.2 The Genetic Code
294(3)
15.3 Prokaryotic Transcription
297(2)
15.4 Eukaryotic Transcription
299(2)
15.5 Eukaryotic pre-mRNA Splicing
301(2)
15.6 The Structure of tRNA and Ribosomes
303(3)
15.7 The Process of Translation
306(4)
15.8 Summarizing Gene Expression
310(1)
15.9 Mutation: Altered Genes
311(7)
16 Control of Gene Expression
318(23)
16.1 Control of Gene Expression
319(1)
16.2 Regulatory Proteins
320(2)
16.3 Prokaryotic Regulation
322(4)
16.4 Eukaryotic Regulation
326(3)
16.5 Chromatin Structure Affects Gene Expression
329(2)
16.6 Eukaryotic Posttranscriptional Regulation
331(4)
16.7 Protein Degradation
335(6)
17 Biotechnology
341(27)
17.1 Recombinant DNA
342(4)
17.2 Amplifying DNA Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction
346(3)
17.3 Creating, Correcting, and Analyzing Genetic Variation
349(2)
17.4 Constructing and Using Transgenic Organisms
351(4)
17.5 Environmental Applications
355(2)
17.6 Medical Applications
357(4)
17.7 Agricultural Applications
361(7)
18 Genomics
368(22)
18.1 Mapping Genomes
369(3)
18.2 Sequencing Genomes
372(3)
18.3 Genome Projects
375(2)
18.4 Genome Annotation and Databases
377(3)
18.5 Comparative and Functional Genomics
380(5)
18.6 Applications of Genomics
385(5)
19 Cellular Mechanisms of Development
390(26)
19.1 The Process of Development
391(1)
19.2 Cell Division
391(2)
19.3 Cell Differentiation
393(5)
19.4 Nuclear Reprogramming
398(4)
19.5 Pattern Formation
402(5)
19.6 Evolution of Pattern Formation
407(3)
19.7 Morphogenesis
410(6)
Part IV Evolution
20 Genes Within Populations
416(27)
20.1 Genetic Variation and Evolution
417(1)
20.2 Changes in Allele Frequency
418(2)
20.3 Five Agents of Evolutionary Change
420(5)
20.4 Quantifying Natural Selection
425(1)
20.5 Reproductive Strategies
426(4)
20.6 Natural Selection's Role in Maintaining Variation
430(2)
20.7 Selection Acting on Traits Affected by Multiple Genes
432(2)
20.8 Experimental Studies of Natural Selection
434(2)
20.9 Interactions Among Evolutionary Forces
436(1)
20.10 The Limits of Selection
437(6)
21 The Evidence for Evolution
443(20)
21.1 The Beaks of Darwin's Finches: Evidence of Natural Selection
444(2)
21.2 Peppered Moths and Industrial Melanism: More Evidence of Selection
446(2)
21.3 Artificial Selection: Human-Initiated Change
448(2)
21.4 Fossil Evidence of Evolution
450(4)
21.5 Anatomical Evidence for Evolution
454(2)
21.6 Convergent Evolution and the Biogeographical Record
456(2)
21.7 Darwin's Critics
458(5)
22 The Origin of Species
463(21)
22.1 The Nature of Species and the Biological Species Concept
464(4)
22.2 Natural Selection and Reproductive Isolation
468(2)
22.3 The Role of Genetic Drift and Natural Selection in Speciation
470(1)
22.4 The Geography of Speciation
471(2)
22.5 Adaptive Radiation and Biological Diversity
473(5)
22.6 The Pace of Evolution
478(1)
22.7 Speciation and Extinction Through Time
479(5)
23 Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology
484(21)
23.1 Systematics
485(1)
23.2 Cladistics
486(4)
23.3 Systematics and Classification
490(3)
23.4 Phylogenetics and Comparative Biology
493(6)
23.5 Phylogenetics and Disease Evolution
499(6)
24 Genome Evolution
505(19)
24.1 Comparative Genomics
506(3)
24.2 Genome Size
509(4)
24.3 Evolution Within Genomes
513(3)
24.4 Gene Function and Expression Patterns
516(1)
24.5 Applying Comparative Genomics
517(7)
Part V Diversity of Life on Earth
25 The Origin and Diversity of Life
524(15)
25.1 Deep Time
526(1)
25.2 Origins of Life
526(3)
25.3 Evidence for Early Life
529(2)
25.4 Earth's Changing System
531(1)
25.5 Ever-Changing Life on Earth
532(7)
26 Viruses
539(21)
26.1 The Nature of Viruses
540(4)
26.2 Viral Diversity
544(2)
26.3 Bacteriophage: Bacterial Viruses
546(1)
26.4 Viral Diseases of Humans
547(8)
26.5 Prions and Viroids: Infectious Subviral Particles
555(5)
27 Prokaryotes
560(26)
27.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
561(4)
27.2 Prokaryotic Cell Structure
565(4)
27.3 Prokaryotic Genetics
569(5)
27.4 The Metabolic Diversity of Prokaryotes
574(2)
27.5 Microbial Ecology
576(2)
27.6 Bacterial Diseases of Humans
578(8)
28 Protists
586(24)
28.1 Eukaryotic Origins and Endosymbiosis
587(2)
28.2 Overview of Protists
589(2)
28.3 Characteristics of the Excavata
591(3)
28.4 Characteristics of the SAR: Stramenopila
594(2)
28.5 Characteristics of the SAR: Alveolata
596(4)
28.6 Characteristics of the SAR: Rhizaria
600(1)
28.7 Characteristics of the Archaeplastida
601(3)
28.8 Characteristics of the Amoebozoa
604(2)
28.9 Characteristics of the Opisthokonta
606(4)
29 Seedless Plants
610(15)
29.1 Origin of Land Plants
611(2)
29.2 Bryophytes Have a Dominant Gametophyte Generation
613(2)
29.3 Tracheophytes Have a Dominant Sporophyte Generation
615(3)
29.4 Lycophytes Diverged from the Main Lineage of Vascular Plants
618(1)
29.5 Pterophytes Are the Ferns and Their Relatives
619(6)
30 Seed Plants
625(18)
30.1 The Evolution of Seed Plants
626(1)
30.2 Gymnosperms: Plants with "Naked Seeds"
626(4)
30.3 Angiosperms: The Flowering Plants
630(6)
30.4 Seeds
636(1)
30.5 Fruits
637(6)
31 Fungi
643(23)
31.1 Classification of Fungi
644(1)
31.2 Fungal Forms, Nutrition, and Reproduction
645(3)
31.3 Fungal Ecology
648(4)
31.4 Fungal Parasites and Pathogens
652(2)
31.5 Basidiomycota: The Club (Basidium) Fungi
654(2)
31.6 Ascomycota: The Sac (Ascus) Fungi
656(2)
31.7 Glomeromycota: Asexual Plant Symbionts
658(1)
31.8 Zygomycota: Zygote-Producing Fungi
658(2)
31.9 Chytridiomycota and Relatives: Fungi with Zoospores
660(1)
31.10 Microsporidia: Unicellular Parasites
661(5)
32 Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans
666(22)
32.1 Some General Features of Animals
667(1)
32.2 Evolution of the Animal Body Plan
668(4)
32.3 Animal Phylogeny
672(4)
32.4 Parazoa: Animals That Lack Specialized Tissues
676(3)
32.5 Eumetazoa: Animals with True Tissues
679(5)
32.6 The Bilateria
684(4)
33 Protostomes
688(33)
33.1 The Clades of Protostomes
689(1)
33.2 Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
690(3)
33.3 Rotifers (Rotifera)
693(1)
33.4 Mollusks (Mollusca)
694(6)
33.5 Annelids (Annelida)
700(3)
33.6 Ribbon Worms (Nemertea)
703(1)
33.7 Bryozoans (Bryozoa) and Brachiopods (Brachiopoda)
704(2)
33.8 Roundworms (Nematoda)
706(2)
33.9 Arthropods (Arthropoda)
708(13)
34 Deuterostomes
721(41)
34.1 Echinoderms
722(2)
34.2 Chordates
724(2)
34.3 Nonvertebrate Chordates
726(1)
34.4 Vertebrate Chordates
727(2)
34.5 Fishes
729(5)
34.6 Amphibians
734(4)
34.7 Reptiles
738(5)
34.8 Birds
743(4)
34.9 Mammals
747(5)
34.10 Evolution of the Primates
752(10)
Part VI Plant Form and Function
35 Plant Form
762(26)
35.1 Organization of the Plant Body: An Overview
763(3)
35.2 Plant Tissues
766(6)
35.3 Roots: Anchoring and Absorption Structures
772(4)
35.4 Stems: Support for Above-Ground Organs
776(5)
35.5 Leaves: Photosynthetic Organs
781(7)
36 Transport in Plants
788(19)
36.1 Transport Mechanisms
789(3)
36.2 Water and Mineral Absorption
792(3)
36.3 Xylem Transport
795(2)
36.4 Rate of Transpiration
797(2)
36.5 Water-Stress Responses
799(2)
36.6 Phloem Transport
801(6)
37 Plant Nutrition and Soils
807(18)
37.1 Soils: The Substrates on Which Plants Depend
808(3)
37.2 Plant Nutrients
811(2)
37.3 Special Nutritional Strategies
813(3)
37.4 Carbon-Nitrogen Balance and Global Change
816(3)
37.5 Phytoremediation
819(6)
38 Plant Defense Responses
825(13)
38.1 Physical Defenses
826(2)
38.2 Chemical Defenses
828(3)
38.3 Animals That Protect Plants
831(1)
38.4 Systemic Responses to Invaders
832(6)
39 Plant Sensory Systems
838(28)
39.1 Responses to Light
839(4)
39.2 Responses to Gravity
843(2)
39.3 Responses to Mechanical Stimuli
845(2)
39.4 Responses to Water and Temperature
847(2)
39.5 Hormones and Sensory Systems
849(17)
40 Plant Reproduction
866(33)
40.1 Reproductive Development
867(2)
40.2 Making Flowers
869(5)
40.3 Structure and Evolution of Flowers
874(3)
40.4 Pollination and Fertilization
877(5)
40.5 Embryo Development
882(6)
40.6 Germination
888(3)
40.7 Asexual Reproduction
891(2)
40.8 Plant Life Spans
893(6)
Part VII Animal Form and Function
41 The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation
899(24)
41.1 Organization of Animal Bodies
900(1)
41.2 Epithelial Tissue
901(3)
41.3 Connective Tissue
904(3)
41.4 Muscle Tissue
907(1)
41.5 Nerve Tissue
908(1)
41.6 Overview of Vertebrate Organ Systems
909(3)
41.7 Homeostasis
912(2)
41.8 Regulating Body Temperature
914(9)
42 The Nervous System
923(30)
42.1 Nervous System Organization
924(3)
42.2 The Mechanism of Nerve Impulse Transmission
927(5)
42.3 Synapses: Where Neurons Communicate with Other Cells
932(6)
42.4 The Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord
938(7)
42.5 The Peripheral Nervous System: Spinal and Cranial Nerves
945(8)
43 Sensory Systems
953(26)
43.1 Overview of Sensory Receptors
954(1)
43.2 Touch, Pressure, and Body Position
955(2)
43.3 Hearing, Vibration, and Balance
957(6)
43.4 Taste, Smell, and pH
963(2)
43.5 Temperature, Pain, Electric Currents, and Magnetic Fields
965(2)
43.6 Vision
967(6)
43.7 Evolution and Development of Eyes
973(6)
44 The Endocrine System
979(24)
44.1 Regulation of Body Processes by Chemical Messengers
980(5)
44.2 Overview of Hormone Action
985(3)
44.3 The Pituitary and Hypothalamus: The Body's Control Centers
988(5)
44.4 The Major Peripheral Endocrine Glands
993(4)
44.5 Other Hormones and Their Effects
997(6)
45 The Musculoskeletal System
1003(20)
45.1 Types of Skeletal Systems
1004(2)
45.2 A Closer Look at Bone
1006(3)
45.3 Joints
1009(1)
45.4 Muscle Contraction
1010(7)
45.5 Vertebrate Skeleton Evolution and Modes of Locomotion
1017(6)
46 The Digestive System
1023(21)
46.1 Types of Digestive Systems
1024(2)
46.2 The Mouth and Teeth: Food Capture and Bulk Processing
1026(1)
46.3 The Esophagus and the Stomach: The Early Stages of Digestion
1027(2)
46.4 The Intestines: Breakdown, Absorption, and Elimination
1029(3)
46.5 Accessory Organ Function
1032(2)
46.6 Neural and Hormonal Regulation of the Digestive Tract
1034(1)
46.7 Food Energy, Energy Expenditure, and Essential Nutrients
1035(4)
46.8 Variations in Vertebrate Digestive Systems
1039(5)
47 The Respiratory System
1044(19)
47.1 Gas Exchange Across Respiratory Surfaces
1045(1)
47.2 Gills, Cutaneous Respiration, and Tracheal Systems
1046(3)
47.3 Lungs
1049(3)
47.4 Structures, Mechanisms, and Control of Ventilation in Mammals
1052(4)
47.5 Transport of Gases in Body Fluids
1056(7)
48 The Circulatory System
1063(22)
48.1 Invertebrate Circulatory Systems
1064(1)
48.2 The Components of Vertebrate Blood
1065(3)
48.3 Vertebrate Circulatory Systems
1068(3)
48.4 Cardiac Cycle, Electrical Conduction, ECG, and Cardiac Output
1071(4)
48.5 Blood Pressure and Blood Vessels
1075(10)
49 Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System
1085(18)
49.1 Osmolarity and Osmotic Balance
1086(1)
49.2 Nitrogenous Wastes: Ammonia, Urea, and Uric Acid
1087(1)
49.3 Osmoregulatory Organs
1088(2)
49.4 Evolution of the Vertebrate Kidney
1090(2)
49.5 The Mammalian Kidney
1092(5)
49.6 Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions
1097(6)
50 The Immune System
1103(30)
50.1 Innate Immunity
1104(5)
50.2 Adaptive Immunity
1109(5)
50.3 Cell-Mediated Immunity
1114(3)
50.4 Humoral Immunity and Antibody Production
1117(6)
50.5 Autoimmunity and Hypersensitivity
1123(2)
50.6 Antibodies in Medical Treatment and Diagnosis
1125(2)
50.7 Pathogens That Evade the Immune System
1127(6)
51 The Reproductive System
1133(22)
51.1 Animal Reproductive Strategies
1134(2)
51.2 Vertebrate Fertilization and Development
1136(4)
51.3 Structure and Function of the Human Male Reproductive System
1140(4)
51.4 Structure and Function of the Human Female Reproductive System
1144(4)
51.5 Contraception and Infertility Treatments
1148(7)
52 Animal Development
1155(30)
52.1 Fertilization
1156(4)
52.2 Cleavage and the Blastula Stage
1160(2)
52.3 Gastrulation
1162(4)
52.4 Organogenesis
1166(5)
52.5 Vertebrate Axis and Pattern Formation
1171(7)
52.6 Human Development
1178(7)
Part VIII Ecology and Behavior
53 Behavioral Biology
1185(30)
53.1 The Natural History of Behavior
1186(1)
53.2 Nerve Cells, Neurotransmitters, Hormones, and Behavior
1187(1)
53.3 Behavioral Genetics
1188(2)
53.4 Learning
1190(1)
53.5 The Development of Behavior
1191(3)
53.6 Animal Cognition
1194(1)
53.7 Orientation and Migratory Behavior
1195(2)
53.8 Animal Communication
1197(3)
53.9 Behavior and Evolution
1200(1)
53.10 Behavioral Ecology
1201(3)
53.11 Reproductive Strategies
1204(2)
53.12 Altruism
1206(4)
53.13 The Evolution of Group Living and Animal Societies
1210(5)
54 Ecology of Individuals and Populations
1215(26)
54.1 The Environmental Challenges
1216(2)
54.2 Populations: Groups of a Single Species in One Place
1218(4)
54.3 Population Demography and Dynamics
1222(2)
54.4 Life History and the Cost of Reproduction
1224(3)
54.5 Environmental Limits to Population Growth
1227(2)
54.6 Factors That Regulate Populations
1229(3)
54.7 Human Population Growth
1232(4)
54.8 Pandemics and Human Health
1236(5)
55 Community Ecology
1241(23)
55.1 Biological Communities: Species Living Together
1242(1)
55.2 The Ecological Niche Concept
1243(5)
55.3 Predator-Prey Relationships
1248(4)
55.4 The Many Types of Species Interactions
1252(6)
55.5 Ecological Succession, Disturbance, and Species Richness
1258(6)
56 Dynamics of Ecosystems
1264(24)
56.1 Biogeochemical Cycles
1265(6)
56.2 The Flow of Energy in Ecosystems
1271(5)
56.3 Trophic-Level Interactions
1276(4)
56.4 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability
1280(3)
56.5 Island Biogeography
1283(5)
57 The Biosphere and Human Impacts
1288(29)
57.1 Ecosystem Effects of Sun, Wind, and Water
1289(4)
57.2 Earth's Biomes
1293(3)
57.3 Freshwater Habitats
1296(3)
57.4 Marine Habitats
1299(4)
57.5 Human Impacts on the Biosphere: Pollution and Resource Depletion
1303(6)
57.6 Human Impacts on the Biosphere: Climate Change
1309(8)
58 Conservation Biology
1317(1)
58.1 Overview of the Biodiversity Crisis
1318(4)
58.2 The Value of Biodiversity
1322(3)
58.3 Factors Responsible for Extinction
1325(10)
58.4 An Evolutionary Perspective on the Biodiversity Crisis
1335(3)
58.5 Approaches for Preserving Endangered Species and Ecosystems
1338
Appendix A
Glossary 1(1)
Index 1