|
|
xi | |
|
1 Overview of hazardous waste treatment and stabilization/solidification technology |
|
|
1 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
1.2 Sustainable waste management |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
1.3 Overview of current waste treatment technologies |
|
|
3 | (4) |
|
1.4 Sustainable stabilization/solidification |
|
|
7 | (4) |
|
1.5 Conclusion and prospects |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
|
11 | (4) |
|
2 Green and low-carbon cement for stabilization/solidification |
|
|
15 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
2.2 Ordinary Portland cement stabilization/solidification |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
2.3 Supplementary cementitious materials blended ordinary Portland cement-based stabilization/solidification |
|
|
17 | (3) |
|
2.4 Alkali-activated cement-based stabilization/solidification |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
2.5 Magnesium-rich cement-based stabilization/solidification |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
2.6 Special cement-based stabilization/solidification |
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
2.7 Carbon dioxide reduction potential of low carbon cements |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (6) |
|
3 Natural or engineered clays for stabilization/solidification |
|
|
31 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
3.2 Natural clays for stabilization/solidification |
|
|
32 | (3) |
|
3.3 Engineered clays for stabilization/solidification |
|
|
35 | (8) |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (6) |
|
4 Biocementation technology for stabilization/solidification of organic peat |
|
|
49 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
49 | (2) |
|
4.2 Biocementation technique |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
4.3 Materials and methods |
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
4.4 Results and discussion |
|
|
55 | (6) |
|
4.5 Challenges and future prospects |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
62 | (3) |
|
5 Biochar for green and sustainable stabilization/solidification |
|
|
65 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
5.2 Biochar from different biomass for stabilization/solidification |
|
|
66 | (2) |
|
5.3 Chemically modified biochar for stabilization/solidification |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
5.4 Biochar-enhanced cement for stabilization/solidification |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
5.5 Limitations and future trends |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
|
71 | (4) |
|
6 Stabilization/solidification of contaminated soils: a case study |
|
|
75 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
75 | (2) |
|
6.2 Mechanical, physicochemical, and microstructural characteristics |
|
|
77 | (6) |
|
6.3 Leaching behavior of ordinary Portland cement-stabilized Pb-contaminated clay under acid rain attack |
|
|
83 | (7) |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
90 | (3) |
|
7 Stabilization/solidification of sediments: challenges and novelties |
|
|
93 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
7.2 Sediments genesis and their main characteristics |
|
|
94 | (4) |
|
7.3 Stabilization/solidification techniques |
|
|
98 | (6) |
|
7.4 Main tests used for assessment of the effectiveness of S/S technology |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
7.5 Integration of contaminated sediments in circular economy |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
7.6 Durability of stabilized sediments |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
107 | (6) |
|
8 Stabilization/solidification of contaminated marine sediment |
|
|
113 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
8.2 Methods for marine sediment characterization |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
8.3 Marine sediment characterization |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
8.4 Main binders and additives used in S/S |
|
|
115 | (3) |
|
8.5 S/S for inorganic sediment contamination |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
8.6 S/S for mixed organic and inorganic sediment contamination |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (6) |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
124 | (5) |
|
9 Physicochemical properties of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash |
|
|
129 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
9.2 Types of incineration fly ash |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
9.3 Physicochemical properties of incineration fly ash |
|
|
131 | (2) |
|
9.4 Metal leaching behavior of incineration fly ash |
|
|
133 | (4) |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
10 Stabilization/solidification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash |
|
|
141 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
10.2 Characteristics of MSWI fly ash |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
10.3 S/S methods and technologies |
|
|
143 | (10) |
|
10.4 Conclusions and perspectives |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (4) |
|
11 Stabilization/solidification of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash |
|
|
157 | (18) |
|
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
11.2 Incineration bottom ash characteristics |
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
11.3 Immobilization of incineration bottom ash and the associated applications |
|
|
159 | (11) |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
171 | (4) |
|
12 Stabilization/solidification of acid mine drainage treatment sludge |
|
|
175 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
12.2 Stability of acid mine drainage sludge |
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
12.3 Management of acid mine drainage sludge |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
12.4 Low-carbon stabilization/solidification of acid mine drainage active treatment sludge |
|
|
178 | (2) |
|
12.5 Low-carbon stabilization/solidification of acid mine drainage passive treatment residues |
|
|
180 | (14) |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
|
196 | (5) |
|
13 Stabilization/solidification of mining waste via biocementation |
|
|
201 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
13.2 Biochemistry and mechanism of mine waste solidification/stabilization by microbially induced carbonate precipitation |
|
|
201 | (2) |
|
13.3 Factors to consider for bioremediation of mine waste based on microbially induced carbonate precipitation |
|
|
203 | (2) |
|
13.4 Mine waste solidification/stabilization by microbially induced carbonate precipitation |
|
|
205 | (2) |
|
13.5 Benefits and challenges |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
208 | (3) |
|
14 Sustainable utilization of incinerated sewage sludge ash |
|
|
211 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
14.2 Characteristics of incinerated sewage sludge ash |
|
|
211 | (5) |
|
14.3 Incinerated sewage sludge ash blended binder by lime activation |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
14.4 Adsorption of pollutants by incinerated sewage sludge ash |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
14.5 Recycling incinerated sewage sludge ash into construction materials |
|
|
218 | (2) |
|
14.6 Stabilization/solidification of soil by incinerated sewage sludge ash |
|
|
220 | (2) |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
223 | (4) |
|
15 Sustainable stabilization/solidification of mine wastes |
|
|
227 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
15.2 Environmental impacts of mine wastes |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
15.3 Alkaline material-based solidification/stabilization |
|
|
228 | (2) |
|
15.4 Metal oxyhydroxide-based solidification/stabilization |
|
|
230 | (2) |
|
15.5 Phosphate-based solidification/stabilization |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
15.6 Silica-based solidification/stabilization |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
15.7 Organic material-based solidification/stabilization |
|
|
235 | (2) |
|
15.8 Cement-based solidification/stabilization |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (4) |
|
16 Stabilization/solidification of metallurgical solid wastes |
|
|
243 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
16.2 Solid wastes generated from metallurgy industry |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
16.3 Stabilization/solidification of chromite ore processing residue |
|
|
244 | (3) |
|
16.4 Stabilization/solidification of arsenic-alkali residue from antimony smelting |
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
16.5 Stabilization/solidification of arsenic-bearing sludge |
|
|
249 | (4) |
|
16.6 Stabilization/solidification of As-rich flue dust |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (4) |
|
17 Rotary kilns coprocessing hazardous wastes |
|
|
259 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
259 | (3) |
|
17.2 Multistage pyrolysis incineration technology for hazardous wastes in rotary kiln |
|
|
262 | (11) |
|
17.3 Purification of flue gas during hazardous wastes incineration |
|
|
273 | (8) |
|
17.4 Case study of 100 t/d hazardous waste incineration and disposal project |
|
|
281 | (2) |
|
17.5 Conclusions and future perspective |
|
|
283 | (2) |
|
|
285 | (6) |
|
18 Utilization of recycled powder from construction and demolition waste |
|
|
291 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
18.2 Preparing technology and properties of recycled powder |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
18.3 Early-age properties of concrete with recycled powder |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
18.4 Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled powder |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
18.5 Economic and environmental benefits |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
298 | (5) |
|
19 Sustainable utilization of drinking water sludge |
|
|
303 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
19.2 Physical and chemical characterizations of raw and treated alum sludge |
|
|
304 | (3) |
|
19.3 Application of alum sludge as supplementary cementitious materials |
|
|
307 | (4) |
|
19.4 Application of alum sludge as sand replacement |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
19.5 Durability and leaching behavior of alum sludge |
|
|
312 | (4) |
|
19.6 Improving properties of concrete incorporating alum sludge |
|
|
316 | (2) |
|
19.7 Summary and further considerations |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (3) |
|
20 Sustainable utilization of slags |
|
|
321 | (22) |
|
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
20.2 Characteristics of different slags |
|
|
321 | (7) |
|
20.3 Utilization of slags in civil and environmental engineering |
|
|
328 | (6) |
|
20.4 Summary and future trends |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
334 | (9) |
|
21 Utilization of recycled aggregate in geopolymer concrete development: A case study |
|
|
343 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
21.2 Experimental program |
|
|
344 | (3) |
|
21.3 Results and discussions |
|
|
347 | (5) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
22 Utilization of coal fly ash and bottom ash in brick and block products |
|
|
355 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (5) |
|
|
360 | (3) |
|
|
363 | (4) |
|
22.5 Fly ash geopolymer block/brick |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
22.6 Discussion and conclusion |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (4) |
|
23 Beneficial use of coal fly ash in geotechnical infrastructure |
|
|
373 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (2) |
|
23.3 Stabilization and solidification techniques |
|
|
376 | (15) |
|
23.4 Limitations and future needs |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
24 Utilization of contaminated biowaste |
|
|
395 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
24.2 Traditional management methods of solid biowaste |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
24.3 Potential of biowaste for energy storage |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
24.4 Utilization of agricultural biowaste as low-carbon construction materials |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
24.5 Case study: biomass silica extraction from agricultural biowaste rice husk and its application as concrete products |
|
|
398 | (4) |
|
24.6 Conclusions and prospects |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
402 | (5) |
|
25 Cement-based stabilization/solidification of radioactive waste |
|
|
407 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
408 | (10) |
|
25.3 Calcium sulfoaluminate based cements |
|
|
418 | (2) |
|
25.4 Magnesia-based cements |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
25.5 Alkali-activated materials and geopolymers |
|
|
420 | (3) |
|
25.6 Industrial perspectives and future directions |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
424 | (9) |
|
26 Glass-based stabilization/solidification of radioactive waste |
|
|
433 | (16) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
26.2 Glass wasteforms for radioactive waste solidification |
|
|
433 | (9) |
|
26.3 Melting technologies |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
26.5 Suggestions for future development |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (4) |
|
27 Ceramic-based stabilization/solidification of radioactive waste |
|
|
449 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
450 | (2) |
|
|
452 | (4) |
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
|
458 | (2) |
|
|
460 | (2) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
464 | (5) |
|
28 Stabilization/solidification of radioactive waste in geochemical aspects |
|
|
469 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
469 | (3) |
|
28.2 Geochemical applications in radioactive waste management |
|
|
472 | (7) |
|
28.3 Summary challenges and future research |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
480 | (3) |
|
29 Advances of lab-scale analytical methods for solidification/stabilization technologies |
|
|
483 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
29.2 Leaching toxicity test |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
29.3 Porosity and surface property analysis |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
29.4 Solid phase identification |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
29.5 Chemical structure characterization |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
29.6 Elemental and compositional determination |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (5) |
|
30 Advanced characterizations for stabilization/solidification technologies |
|
|
497 | (20) |
|
|
|
Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez |
|
|
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
30.2 X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization |
|
|
498 | (4) |
|
30.3 Pair distribution function analysis |
|
|
502 | (5) |
|
30.4 Small-angle X-ray/small-angle neutron scattering |
|
|
507 | (2) |
|
30.5 Molecular computations |
|
|
509 | (3) |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
513 | (4) |
|
31 Evaluating comprehensive carbon emissions of solidification/stabilization technologies: a case study |
|
|
517 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
517 | (2) |
|
31.2 Materials, strategies, and methodology for evaluation |
|
|
519 | (3) |
|
31.3 Evaluation of carbon emissions for different strategies of the studied waste materials |
|
|
522 | (5) |
|
31.4 Summary and future outlook |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
528 | (3) |
|
32 Life cycle assessment of different alternative materials used for stabilization/solidification |
|
|
531 | (14) |
|
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
32.2 Life cycle assessment analysis of ordinary Portland cement and alternative materials |
|
|
532 | (8) |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (4) |
|
33 Sustainable waste management and circular economy |
|
|
545 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
33.2 Circular economy and sustainable waste management |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
33.3 Stabilization/solidification of hazardous waste |
|
|
547 | (4) |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (3) |
|
34 Future research directions for sustainable remediation |
|
|
555 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
34.2 New technologies for remediation |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
34.3 Novel materials for remediation |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
34.4 Advanced characterization for remediation |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
34.5 Big data for sustainable remediation |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
34.6 Environmental impact assessment |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
34.7 Cost---benefit analysis and life cycle assessment |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
561 | (4) |
Index |
|
565 | |