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E-grāmata: Low-Power NoC for High-Performance SoC Design

(KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea), (Samsung Electronics Co, Suwon-si, Korea), (KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea)
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Chip Design and Implementation from a Practical Viewpoint

Focusing on chip implementation, Low-Power NoC for High-Performance SoC Design provides practical knowledge and real examples of how to use network on chip (NoC) in the design of system on chip (SoC). It discusses many architectural and theoretical studies on NoCs, including design methodology, topology exploration, quality-of-service guarantee, low-power design, and implementation trials.

The Steps to Implement NoC

The book covers the full spectrum of the subject, from theory to actual chip design using NoC. Employing the Unified Modeling Language (UML) throughout, it presents complicated concepts, such as models of computation and communicationcomputation partitioning, in a manner accessible to laypeople. The authors provide guidelines on how to simplify complex networking theory to design a working chip. In addition, they explore the novel NoC techniques and implementations of the Basic On-Chip Network (BONE) project. Examples of real-time decisions, circuit-level design, systems, and chips give the material a real-world context.

Low-Power NoC and Its Application to SoC Design

Emphasizing the application of NoC to SoC design, this book shows how to build the complicated interconnections on SoC while keeping a low power consumption.
Preface xi
Authors xiii
PART 1 NoC-Based System-Level Design
NoC and System-Level Design
3(44)
Introduction to SoC Design
3(18)
System Model and Design Flow
6(3)
System Analysis with UML
9(7)
Architecture Design
16(5)
Platform-Based SoC Design
21(13)
Concept of the Platform
21(3)
Types of Platforms
24(3)
Processor-Centric Platform
27(2)
Application-Specific Platform
29(1)
Fully Programmable Platform
30(1)
Communication-Centric Platform
30(4)
Multiprocessor SoC and Network on Chip
34(3)
Concept of MPSoC
34(2)
MPSoC and NoC
36(1)
Low-Power SoC Design
37(10)
CMOS Circuit-Level Low-Power Design
37(3)
Architecture-Level Low-Power Design
40(1)
System-Level Low-Power Design
41(2)
Trends in Low-Power Design
43(2)
References
45(2)
System Design with Model of Computation
47(26)
System Models
47(17)
Types of Models
48(1)
Communication
49(1)
Behavior: Time and State Space
49(3)
Models of Computation
52(1)
Finite State Machine and Its Variants
52(2)
Petri Net
54(1)
Transaction-Level Modeling
55(2)
Dataflow Graph and Its Variants
57(4)
Process Algebra-Based Semantics
61(1)
Summary
62(2)
Validation and Verification
64(9)
Simulation
65(1)
Discrete-Event Simulation
66(1)
Cycle-Based Simulation
66(2)
Transaction-Level Simulation
68(1)
Formal Method
69(2)
References
71(2)
Hardware/Software Codesign
73(28)
Codesign
73(4)
Application Analysis
77(12)
Performance Index
77(2)
Task Graph: Sound Semantics for Application Analysis
79(4)
Implementing Task Graph in Unified Modeling Language (UML)
83(6)
Synthesis
89(12)
Partitioning and Resource Allocation
89(10)
Scheduling
99(1)
References
99(2)
Computation--Communication Partitioning
101(30)
Communication System: Current Trend
101(5)
Separation of Communication and Computation
106(1)
Communication-Centric SoC Design
107(4)
Overview
107(2)
OCP-IP: Socket Abstraction
109(2)
Communication Synthesis
111(12)
High-Level Communication System Design
112(3)
Communication Design Methods
115(8)
Network-Based Design
123(8)
References
127(4)
PART 2 NoC-Based Real Chip Implementation
Network on Chip-Based SoC
131(26)
Network on Chip
131(8)
NoC for SoC Design
131(2)
Comparison of Bus-Based and NoC-Based SoC Design
133(1)
OSI Seven-Layer NoC Model
134(4)
An Example of NoC-Based SoC Design
138(1)
Architecture of NoC
139(8)
Basic NoC Design Issues
139(3)
Design of NoC Building Blocks
142(1)
High-Speed Signaling
142(1)
Queue and Buffer Design
142(2)
Switch Design
144(1)
Scheduler Design
145(2)
Practical Design of NoC
147(10)
Topology Selection
147(1)
Routing Scheme
148(1)
Switching Scheme
148(1)
Phit Size Determination
149(2)
SERDES Design
151(1)
Mesochronous Synchronizer
151(3)
References
154(3)
NoC Topology and Protocol Design
157(32)
Introduction
157(2)
Analysis Methodology
159(3)
Topology Pool and Target System
159(1)
NoC Traffic and Energy Models
160(2)
Energy Exploration
162(6)
Bus Topology
162(2)
Mesh Topology
164(2)
Star Topology
166(1)
Point-to-Point Topology
166(2)
Heterogeneous Topologies
168(1)
NoC Protocol Design
168(19)
Layered Architecture
172(1)
Physical Layer Protocol
173(2)
Data Link Layer Protocol
175(1)
Network Layer Protocol
176(2)
Transport Layer Protocol
178(1)
Multiple-Outstanding-Addressing
179(1)
Write with Acknowledge
179(1)
Burst Packet Transfer
179(2)
Enhanced Burst Packet Transfer
181(1)
Protocol Design with Finite State Machine Model
182(1)
Packet Design for NoC
183(4)
Summary
187(2)
References
187(2)
Low-Power Design for NoC
189(28)
Introduction
189(1)
Low-Power Signaling
189(5)
Channel Coding to Reduce the Switching Probability---α
190(1)
Wire Capacitance Reducing Techniques
191(1)
Low-Swing Signaling
191(1)
Driver Circuits
191(1)
Receiver Circuits
191(2)
Static and Dynamic Wires
193(1)
Optimal Voltage Swing
193(1)
Frequency and Voltage Scaling
194(1)
On-Chip Serialization
194(3)
Area and Energy-Consumption Variation Due to the OCS
195(1)
Optimal Serialization Ratio
196(1)
Low-Power Clocking
197(3)
Clock Distribution inside the NoC
197(1)
Synchronizers
198(2)
Low-Power Channel Coding
200(6)
SILENT Coding
200(3)
Performance Analysis of SILENT Coding
203(2)
SILENT Coding for Multimedia Applications
205(1)
Low-Power Switch
206(4)
Low-Power Technique for Switch Fabric
206(1)
Crossbar Partial Activation Technique
206(1)
Switch Scheduler
207(1)
Low-Power Scheduler: Mux-Tree-Based Round-Robin Scheduler
208(2)
Low-Power Network on Chip Protocol
210(7)
Protocol Definition
210(1)
Protocol Composition
210(1)
Low-Power Issues on the NoC Protocol
211(1)
Aligned Packet Formation
211(1)
Packet Switching versus Circuit Switching
212(1)
References
213(4)
Real Chip Implementation
217(44)
Introduction
217(1)
BONE Series
217(28)
BONE 1: Prototype of On-Chip Network (PROTON)
217(1)
Overall Architecture
218(1)
Packet Routing Scheme
219(2)
Off-Chip Connectivity
221(1)
BONE 2: Low-Power Network on Chip and Network in Package (Slim Spider)
221(1)
NoC Architecture
222(2)
Low-Power Techniques
224(1)
Design Methodology and Chip Implementation
225(1)
Networks in Package and Measurement
226(3)
BONE 2 Chip Summary
229(1)
BONE 3 (Intelligent Interconnect System)
230(1)
Supply-Voltage-Dependent Reference Voltage
231(1)
Self-Calibrating Phase Difference
231(1)
Adaptive-Link Bandwidth Control
232(1)
BONE 4 Flexible On-Chip Network (FONE)
232(1)
NoC Evaluation Platform
232(1)
NoC Run-Time Traffic-Monitoring System
233(2)
Case Study: Portable Multimedia System
235(4)
FONE Platform Summary
239(1)
BONE V1: Vision Application-1
239(1)
Introduction
239(1)
Architecture and Operation
239(4)
Benefits of the MC-NoC
243(2)
Evaluation of the MC-NoC
245(1)
Industrial Implementations
245(8)
Intel's Tera-FLOP 80-Core NoC
245(1)
Key Enablers for Tera-FLOP on a Chip [ 18]
246(1)
NoC Architecture Overview [ 18]
246(2)
Double-Pumped Crossbar Router and Mesochronous Interface
248(1)
Fine-Grained Power Management
248(1)
Intel's Scalable Communication Architecture [ 22]
249(1)
Scalable Communication Core
249(1)
Prototype Architecture
250(2)
Control Plane (OCP-Bus)
252(1)
Data Plane (NoC)
252(1)
Data Flow and Reusability
253(1)
Academic Implementations
253(8)
FAUST (Flexible Architecture of Unified System for Telecom)
253(3)
RAW
256(2)
References
258(3)
Appendix: BONE Protocol Specification
261(22)
A.1 Overview of BONE
261(1)
A.2 BONE Protocol
262(21)
A.2.1 Packet Format
262(2)
A.2.2 BONE Signals
264(1)
A.2.2.1 Master Network Interface (MNI)
264(3)
A.2.2.2 Up_Sampler (UPS)
267(1)
A.2.2.3 Switch (SW)
268(1)
A.2.2.4 Dn_Sampler (DNS)
269(1)
A.2.2.5 Slave Network Interface (SNI)
270(2)
A.2.3 Packet Transactions
272(3)
A.2.4 Timing Diagrams
275(1)
A.2.4.1 Basic Read Packet Transaction
275(3)
A.2.4.2 Basic Write Packet Transaction
278(1)
A.2.4.3 UPS/DNS Timing Diagram
279(1)
A.2.4.4 SW Timing Diagram
280(3)
Index 283
Hoi-Jun Yoo, Kangmin Lee, Jun Kyong Kim