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E-grāmata: Machine Intelligence: Perspectives on the Computational Model [Taylor & Francis e-book]

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Summarizes and illuminates two decades of research Gathering important papers by both philosophers and scientists, this collection illuminates the central themes that have arisen during the last two decades of work on the conceptual foundations of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Each volume begins with a comprehensive introduction that places the coverage in a broader perspective and links it with material in the companion volumes. The collection is of interest in many disciplines including computer science, linguistics, biology, information science, psychology, neuroscience, iconography, and philosophy.

Examines initial efforts and the latest controversies The topics covered range from the bedrock assumptions of the computational approach to understanding the mind, to the more recent debates concerning cognitive architectures, all the way to the latest developments in robotics, artificial life, and dynamical systems theory. The collection first examines the lineage of major research programs, beginning with the basic idea of machine intelligence itself, then focuses on specific aspects of thought and intelligence, highlighting the much-discussed issue of consciousness, the equally important, but less densely researched issue of emotional response, and the more traditionally philosophical topic of language and meaning.

Provides a gamut of perspectives The editors have included several articles that challenge crucial elements of the familiar research program of cognitive science, as well as important writings whose previous circulation has been limited. Within each volume the papers are organized to reflect a variety of research programs and issues. The substantive introductions that accompany each volume further organize the material and provide readers with a working sense of the issues and the connection between articles.
Introduction vii Machine Intelligence: The Very Idea Computing Machinery and Intelligence 1(28) A.M. Turing Semantic Engines: An Introduction to Mind Design 29(35) John Haugeland Mind, Brains, and programs 64(25) John R. Searle The symbol Grounding Problem 89(13) Stevan Harnad Could a Machine Think 102(7) Paul M. Churchland Patricia Smith Churchland On Implementing a Computation 109(12) David J. Chalmers Psychology, Biology, and Levels of Explanation You Cant Play 20 Questions with Nature and Win: Projective Comments on the Papers of this Symposium 121(26) Allen Newell Artificial Intelligence 147(12) A Personal View D. Marr Real Brains and artificial Intelligence 159(32) George N. Reeke Jr. Gerald M. Edelman Making a Mind Versus Modeling the Brain: Artificial Intelligence Back at a Branchpoint 191(30) Hubert L. Dreyfus Stuart E. Dreyfus Information, Computation, and Representation What Is Information 221(19) David Israel John Perry When Is Information Explicitly Represented 240(27) David Kirsh Machines and the Mental 267(11) Fred Dretske Ways of Establishing Harmony 278(13) Daniel C. Dennett Acknowledgments 291
Andy Clark, Toribio