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E-grāmata: Magic and the Mind: Mechanisms, Functions, and Development of Magical Thinking and Behavior

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(Reader in Developmental Psychology, Lancaster University, UK)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-Mar-2010
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780199742172
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-Mar-2010
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780199742172
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Magical thinking and behavior have traditionally been viewed as immature, misleading alternatives to scientific thought that in children inevitably diminish with age. In adults, these inclinations have been labeled by psychologists largely as superstitions that feed on frustration, uncertainty, and the unpredictable nature of certain human activities.

In Magic and the Mind, Eugene Subbotsky provides an overview of the mechanisms and development of magical thinking and beliefs throughout the life span while arguing that the role of this type of thought in human development should be reconsidered. Rather than an impediment to scientific reasoning or a byproduct of cognitive development, in children magical thinking is an important and necessary complement to these processes, enhancing creativity at problem-solving and reinforcing coping strategies, among other benefits. In adults, magical thinking and beliefs perform important functions both for individuals (coping with unsolvable problems and stressful situations) and for society (enabling mass influence and promoting social harmony). Operating in realms not bound by physical causality, such as emotion, relationships, and suggestion, magical thinking is an ongoing, developing psychological mechanism that, Subbotsky argues, is integral in the contexts of politics, commercial advertising, and psychotherapy, and undergirds our construction and understanding of meaning in both mental and physical worlds. Magic and the Mind represents a unique contribution to our understanding of the importance of magical thinking, offering experimental evidence and conclusions never before collected in one source. It will be of interest to students and scholars of developmental psychology, as well as sociologists, anthropologists, and educators.

Recenzijas

"In this bold, innovative lifework, Eugene Subbotsky lays the foundation of a cognitive-developmental-cultural science of magic. Based on decades of experimental work, measuring responses to garden-variety magic (magic boxes, wands, incantations and transformations), this book offers a comprehensive review of literature, a radically new theoretical frame, and a detailed developmental account, all with the aim of understanding the irrational, creative and meaningful role of magic in the context of modern life."

-Carl N. Johnson, Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh "Subbotsky has managed to integrate extensive research on the development of magical thinking into a coherent argument that ties together work on domain specificity, magical thinking, sympathetic magic, and religion. Magic and the Mind offers a fresh and provocative theoretical perspective."

-Margaret Evans, Ph.D., University of Michigan "This is a ground-breaking book on one of human nature's most fascinating quirks: magical thinking. Subbotsky has written a clear and engaging account of his extensive study of this curious aspect of our psychology, seen in both children and adults. His work makes an important contribution."

-Stuart Vyse, Ph.D., Connecticut College, author of Believing in Magic: The Psychology of Superstition "In this compelling overview, Eugene Subbotsky shows that magical thinking is not a passing phase of childhood. His ingenious experiments demonstrate that it is a foundational and enduring mode of thought--even if, as adults, we profess scientific rationality. His book makes a major contribution to ongoing debate about the relationship between religion and science."

-Paul Harris, Ph.D., Victor S. Thomas Professor of Education, Harvard University "Magic and the Mind constitutes an extremely important contribution to our understanding of magic. [ ...] Subbotsky's work stands as an important challenge to this tradition [ of rational thinking], one that should help us develop a more eclectic approach to human knowledge that accepts its heuristic nature and embraces its many sources and forms." --Edward Bever, Project Muse

Preface ix
Chapter 1 Magical Reality 3
Magical Causation: Mind Over Matter and Mind Over Mind
5
Magical Thinking, Magical Beliefs, Magical Behavior, and Other Constructs
7
The Science of Magic and the Magic of Science
8
Magic and Religion: Institutionalized and Noninstitutionalized Magical Beliefs
12
The State of the Problem
13
Hypotheses and Predictions
14
Chapter 2 Children and Magic 18
Children's Magical Behavior: A Belief or a Misunderstanding?
20
When Magic Meets Science: Can Children Believe Both?
21
Chapter 3 Verbal Magical Beliefs and Children's Everyday Experience 24
Magic as an Anomalous Experience
24
The Belief in Question: Testing the Entrenchment of Magical Beliefs
27
Chapter 4 Magical Thinking and Children's Cognitive Development 34
Does Magic Play a Role?
34
Magical Thinking and Creativity: The Study
37
Chapter 5 Beyond Childhood 45
Magic Without Magic: Adults' Reactions to Counterintuitive Physical Events
46
The Spectrum of Magical Phenomena: Evidence From Anthropology, Psychology, and Psychopathology
48
Bringing Magical Beliefs to the Surface: The Role of Cost
51
Chapter 6 Culture and Magical Thinking 54
Preaching Science and Practicing Magic: A Sandwich of Beliefs
55
Belief in Science: How Deep Under the Skin?
56
A Magical Bridge Across the Atlantic: From Mexico to Britain
57
Uses and Misuses of Magical Beliefs
60
Chapter 7 Magic and Exploratory Behavior 63
Weird but Interesting: Curiosity Toward the Supernatural
64
Magical Versus Counterintuitive Physical: The M/CP Effect
65
Chapter 8 Magical Thinking and Imagination 79
Are Mental Objects Permanent?
80
Physical Versus Fictional: Domains of Imaginary Reality
81
Can Magical Suggestion Change Imagination? Mind-Over-Mind Magic
82
Turning a Rabbit Into a Fish: The Mind-Over-Mind Magic Experiment
84
Cursing One's Future: Magic and Personal Destiny
91
Chapter 9 Magic and Human Communication 96
Magical and Ordinary Suggestion: Are They Close Relatives?
97
The Mechanism of Magical Influence: Participation
98
Communicative Magic: The Study
99
The Magic of Today: Communicative Magic and Indirect Persuasion Techniques
110
Chapter 10 Magical Beliefs and Psychological Defense 115
Alliance Against Magic: Science and Religion
116
Now It's There, Now It Isn't: Cognitive Defense Against Magical Intervention
118
Seeing Bad Dreams: Magical Influence and Emotional Defense
121
Chapter 11 Magical Thinking and the Mind 132
Two Realities: The Structure of the Mind
134
Functions of Magical Reality
136
Ordinary Reality: The Realm of Science
140
Magical Reality: The Realm of Magic and Religion
144
Existentialization as the Work of the Mind
147
Separating the Magical From the Ordinary: The Developmental Perspective
150
Existentialization and Developmental Research
154
Chapter 12 Magical Thinking and Beliefs Across the Lifespan: A Summary 163
Childhood: The Dawn of Magic
163
Adulthood: Magic in Power and Magic in Exile
165
Epilogue: Plunging Into a Utopia 170
Notes 176
Bibliography 181
Index 198
Psychology Department, Lancaster University (UK)