Foreword |
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ix | |
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Introduction: Aeolian Dynamics and Processes |
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xiii | |
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Chapter 1 Aeolian Landforms in Deserts |
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1 | (78) |
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1.1 Forms and surface states |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (14) |
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2 | (3) |
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1.2.2 Coherent rock landforms |
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5 | (10) |
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1.2.3 A mixed ablation shape: hydro-aeolian depressions |
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15 | (1) |
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1.3 Accumulation formations |
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16 | (31) |
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1.3.1 Amorphous accumulations |
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18 | (3) |
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1.3.2 Smaller aeolian formations |
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21 | (6) |
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1.3.3 Sandy accumulations without sharp crests |
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27 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Dunes with sharp crests |
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28 | (8) |
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1.3.5 Combinations of sifs |
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36 | (7) |
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1.3.6 Non-sandy aeolian accumulations |
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43 | (4) |
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47 | (13) |
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1.4.1 Initial combinations: arrow, elb and draa |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (2) |
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1.4.3 Polygenic formations |
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52 | (8) |
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1.5 Ergs, the most complex aeolian systems |
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60 | (10) |
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60 | (1) |
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1.5.2 The formation of ergs |
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61 | (4) |
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1.5.3 From the stability of forms to a whole new scale: the Grand Erg Occidental |
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65 | (5) |
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1.6 Conclusion: a new paradigm to explain the organization and orientation of active dunes |
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70 | (2) |
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1.7 Martian dunes, still mobile |
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72 | (3) |
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75 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 Humans and Winds in Deserts |
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79 | (28) |
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2.1 Traditional societies and the wind |
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80 | (3) |
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2.2 The battle against sand encroachment, or the Barrel of the Danaids: the Zouerate railroads (Mauritania) |
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83 | (4) |
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2.3 The Dust Bowl, the first ecological disaster of the 20th century in a developed country |
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87 | (4) |
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2.4 The western Algerian Green Barrier, or an error in management |
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91 | (14) |
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2.4.1 A "barrier" in an unfavorable physical environment |
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91 | (2) |
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2.4.2 Difficult implementation |
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93 | (5) |
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2.4.3 A basic error in understanding aeolian dynamics |
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98 | (7) |
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105 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Living in Deserts |
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107 | (50) |
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3.1 Humans and the desert |
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108 | (5) |
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3.1.1 A "desert civilization" |
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108 | (1) |
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3.1.2 There are deserts and then there are deserts |
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108 | (2) |
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3.1.3 The desert, Islam and oil |
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110 | (1) |
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3.1.4 Antagonistic and complementary civilizations |
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110 | (3) |
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3.2 Bedouin civilizations |
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113 | (13) |
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113 | (1) |
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3.2.2 The power of the group |
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114 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Astonishing knowledge |
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114 | (1) |
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3.2.4 The fundamentals of pastoralism |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (2) |
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3.2.7 Dromedaries and Bactrian camels |
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120 | (2) |
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3.2.8 A large-scale ecological transformation: desertification |
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122 | (1) |
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3.2.9 Social transformation: sedentarization |
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123 | (1) |
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3.2.10 New forms of pastoralism |
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123 | (2) |
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3.2.11 The new faces of group structure |
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125 | (1) |
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3.3 Hydraulic civilization |
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126 | (14) |
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126 | (1) |
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3.3.2 The fundamentals of hydraulic civilizations |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Cradles of hydraulic civilizations |
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127 | (2) |
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3.3.5 Hydraulic techniques |
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129 | (3) |
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3.3.6 Collective and individual hydraulic systems |
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132 | (2) |
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3.3.7 Modes of sharing a rare resource |
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134 | (1) |
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3.3.8 The diffusion of techniques |
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134 | (3) |
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3.3.9 Hot deserts and cold deserts |
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137 | (1) |
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3.3.10 Today: from small wells to deep drilling |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (4) |
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3.4.1 Societies in quest of salt |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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3.4.3 The logistics of salt |
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142 | (1) |
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3.4.4 An important period in the history of the Sahara |
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143 | (1) |
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3.4.5 A salt civilization? |
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144 | (1) |
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3.5 Urban civilizations in the desert |
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144 | (9) |
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144 | (1) |
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3.5.2 The fundamentals of urban life |
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145 | (2) |
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3.5.3 The city and the road |
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147 | (1) |
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3.5.4 Networks of urban centers |
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148 | (1) |
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3.5.5 Capitals under the sun |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (3) |
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3.5.7 The city and the desert today |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (3) |
List of Authors |
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157 | (2) |
Index |
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159 | |