Acknowledgements |
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iv | |
Meet the Author |
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v | |
Free Downloads |
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vi | |
User's Guide |
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xi | |
Introduction |
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xiii | |
Math and Me |
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xxii | |
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Strategy 1 Teaching Mathematical Words Explicitly |
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1 | (14) |
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Teaching the Words of Mathematics and the Academic Words Surrounding Them |
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2 | (5) |
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Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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Three Categories of Mathematical Words |
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7 | (5) |
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Category 1 Words that We Encounter Almost Exclusively in Mathematics |
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7 | (1) |
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Discovering a New Concept that Is Called by a New Word |
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8 | (1) |
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Refining a Known Concept with a New Word |
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9 | (1) |
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Naming a Known Concept with a New Word |
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9 | (1) |
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Category 2 Words with Multiple Meanings Outside of the World of Mathematics |
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10 | (1) |
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Category 3 Phrases of Mathematics |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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Strategy 2 Teaching Academic Words Implicitly |
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15 | (6) |
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What Can Be Done to Bridge the Vocabulary Gap? |
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16 | (4) |
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20 | (1) |
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Strategy 3 Reinforcing Reading Comprehension Skills that Apply to Mathematics |
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21 | (20) |
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What We Mean by "Teaching Reading in the Content Areas" |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (6) |
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Connection 1 Background Knowledge and Key Vocabulary |
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22 | (4) |
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Connection 2 Establish a Purpose for Reading |
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26 | (1) |
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Connection 3 Think About the Genre (Establish Expectations) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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During Reading: Concentrate! |
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28 | (1) |
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After Reading: Communicate! |
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29 | (2) |
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Outlining to Communicate Understanding of Text |
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29 | (1) |
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Paraphrasing: Reword and Regroup |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (5) |
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Reading Explanations in the Mathematics Textbook |
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31 | (1) |
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Getting to Know the Textbook: The Table of Contents |
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32 | (3) |
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Do the Math on the Table of Contents |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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Three Gears of Prereading: Skimming, Scanning, Sampling |
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36 | (1) |
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Reading the Explanations in the Mathematics Textbooks |
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37 | (1) |
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Achieving Speed and Accuracy as a Reader of Mathematics |
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37 | (3) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Vocabulary and Cultural Knowledge |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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Strategy 4 Teaching Mathematics with Metaphor and Gesture |
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41 | (14) |
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Analyzing Weil-Known Math Metaphors |
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45 | (2) |
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The Math-as-Motion Metaphor |
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47 | (1) |
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Using Gestures to Clarify Metaphors and Meaning |
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47 | (2) |
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Graphic Representations as Metaphor |
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49 | (4) |
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53 | (2) |
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Strategy 5 Unlocking the Meaning of Word Problems |
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55 | (8) |
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Background Knowledge and Mathematical Problems |
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57 | (3) |
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When Working with Students Individually |
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60 | (1) |
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A Cooperative Learning Strategy for Creating, Solving, and Evaluating Word Problems |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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Strategy 6 Teaching Note-Taking Skills for Mathematics |
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63 | (10) |
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Three As of Math Note Taking |
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64 | (1) |
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Note Taking as a Meaning-Making Activity |
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65 | (5) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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Strategy 7 Using Language-Based Formative Assessment in Mathematics |
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73 | (8) |
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Questions and Classroom Dialogue |
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75 | (1) |
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Changing the Feedback Game: Numbers or Comments? |
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76 | (2) |
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How Teachers Can Use Language Modes to Assess Learning |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (1) |
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Strategy 8 Connecting Memorization to Meaning in Mathematics |
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81 | (6) |
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Math, Mental Math, and Memorization |
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81 | (1) |
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Memorizing Tables and Sequences |
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82 | (2) |
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Memorizing Definitions vs. Knowing What Something Is |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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Strategy 9 Incorporating Writing-to-Learn Activities in Mathematics |
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87 | (8) |
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What Kinds of Writing Work Best for Mathematics Learners? |
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87 | (1) |
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Reasons for Not Including Writing in Mathematics |
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88 | (4) |
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Lack of Skill in Teaching and Responding to Student Writing |
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89 | (1) |
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Lack of Class Time to Devote to Student Writing |
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90 | (1) |
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Strong Beliefs About Traditional Mathematics Instruction |
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91 | (1) |
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Short Writing Assignments: A Model |
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91 | (1) |
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Four Types of Writing-to-Learn Mathematics |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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Strategy 10 Preparing Students for Algebraic Thinking |
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95 | (6) |
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Linking Algebra to Grammar |
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96 | (2) |
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Linking Algebra to a Lesson in Nutrition |
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98 | (1) |
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Linking Algebra to a Workout at the Gym |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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Appendix 1 Word Components Commonly Seen in Math Language: Or ... Words Have Cousins? |
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101 | (10) |
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102 | (3) |
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105 | (3) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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Appendix 2 Making Connections in Vocabulary |
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111 | (4) |
Works Cited |
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115 | |