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Mathematics, Physics and Finance for the Legal Profession [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 436 pages, illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 04-Aug-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Carolina Academic Press
  • ISBN-10: 1594609640
  • ISBN-13: 9781594609640
  • Formāts: Hardback, 436 pages, illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 04-Aug-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Carolina Academic Press
  • ISBN-10: 1594609640
  • ISBN-13: 9781594609640
As the first pedagogical casebook combining the subjects of Mathematics, Physics, Finance and Law, this treatise is predicated on the notion that lawyers are ill-prepared to face a world dominated by numbers and the many who know how to distort and misrepresent them. The title of the book can be deceiving, particularly because the book is designed to avoid the tedious topics and calculations which would typically fall under its headings. Moreover, the book is designed to take an important trio of crucial topics and spoon feed them to the people who need them the most but like them least — law students. Many jokingly state that they became law students because they couldn't handle numbers. A rude awakening, however, soon confronts them in practice, where numbers are the primary focus of their careers. Nearly every chapter of this book provides information that all lawyers must possess; some of the information is indispensable. We live in a scientific world, a digital world — one that is ruled by numbers, equations, formulas and statistics. The topics may seem complex, but the explanations are elementary and, at times, entertaining.
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Chapter 1 Introducing Numbers to the Legal Profession
3(48)
§1.10 Numbers for the Lay Public
5(1)
§1.20 Numbers for the Judiciary
6(1)
§1.21 Judicial Notice
6(19)
Alldread v. Mills
7(3)
Hunter v. New York, Ontario & W. Ry. Co.
10(5)
Notes and Problems
15(1)
Schenk v. Lane
16(3)
Notes and Problems
19(1)
Searcy v. Sellers
19(6)
Notes and Problems
25(1)
§1.22 Expert Evidence
25(11)
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
26(8)
Notes and Problems
34(2)
§1.23 Legal Arithmetic
36(2)
Pendley v. Union Bankers Ins. Co.
36(1)
Notes and Problems
37(1)
§1.30 Numbers for the Legislature
38(1)
§1.31 Statutory Gymnastics
38(3)
Regina v. Ojibway
39(1)
Notes and Problems
40(1)
§1.32 Legalized Mathematics
41(1)
Notes and Problems
41(1)
§1.40 Numbers for the Practitioner
42(1)
§1.41 Contracts and Negotiations
42(1)
§1.42 Litigious Numerics
43(1)
§1.43 Quantitative Ethics
43(1)
§1.50 Numbers for Sale
44(4)
Gottschalk v. Benson
44(3)
Notes and Problems
47(1)
§1.60 Numbers for Deception
48(1)
§1.70 Numbers for Law Professors
48(3)
Chapter 2 Math Basics
51(40)
§2.10 Impressive Symbolism
51(1)
§2.11 The Nouns and Verbs of Mathematics
52(2)
§2.12 Special Numbers
54(3)
§2.20 Number Foundations
57(1)
§2.21 Simple Arithmetic
57(2)
§2.22 Ordinality v. Cardinality
59(1)
Notes and Problems
59(1)
§2.23 The Metric System
60(1)
§2.24 Dimensional Conversions
61(4)
Drake v. Holstead
62(3)
Notes and Problems
65(1)
§2.30 The Significance of Equality
65(1)
§2.31 The Equalities That Changed the World
66(1)
§2.32 Claiming Ownership of Equations
66(6)
Diamond v. Diehr
66(6)
Notes and Problems
72(1)
§2.40 The Meaning of Inequality
72(2)
Notes and Problems
74(1)
§2.50 Determining the Unknown
74(1)
§2.60 Analyzing Shapes and Configurations
75(1)
§2.61 Keep Your Distance
75(3)
People v. Robbins
76(1)
Notes and Problems
77(1)
§2.62 Respecting Boundaries
78(8)
Pennsylvania Electric Company v. Waltman
80(5)
Notes and Problems
85(1)
§2.70 The Calculus
86(5)
Chapter 3 Logic and Set Theory
91(36)
§3.10 Fundamental Logic
91(2)
§3.11 Basic Definitions
93(13)
Terry v. Ohio
96(10)
Notes and Problems
106(1)
§3.12 Symbolic Logic
106(3)
Notes and Problems
108(1)
§3.13 De Morgan's Laws
109(1)
§3.14 Truth Tables
110(6)
Notes and Problems
112(1)
State v. Burkhardt
113(2)
Notes and Problems
115(1)
§3.20 Set Theory
116(1)
§3.21 Basic Definitions
116(2)
§3.22 Subsets and Supersets
118(5)
Matter of Fordham
119(4)
Notes and Problems
123(1)
§3.23 Unions, Intersections and Compliments
123(2)
§3.40 Tying It All Together
125(1)
§3.50 Venn Diagrams
125(2)
Chapter 4 Probability Theory
127(48)
§4.10 Basic Rules and Terminology
127(1)
§4.11 Basic Definitions
127(1)
§4.12 Axioms
128(2)
§4.13 Calculating the Odds
130(1)
§4.14 Algebraic Rules
131(1)
§4.20 Measuring Event Probability
131(1)
§4.21 Single Trials
132(7)
Notes and Problems
134(2)
People v. Mountain
136(3)
§4.22 Multiple Trials
139(20)
People v. Collins
141(9)
Notes and Problems
150(2)
Notes and Problems
152(1)
Kammer v. Young
152(6)
Notes and Problems
158(1)
§4.30 Probability Expectation
159(1)
§4.31 The Zero Sum Game
160(1)
§4.32 Calculating Expectations
160(2)
Notes and Problems
161(1)
§4.40 Combinatorics
162(3)
Notes
164(1)
§4.50 Forensic Misuse of Probabilistic Theory
165(1)
§4.51 Dazzling Numbers for the Jury
165(1)
§4.52 The Prosecutor's Transposition Fallacy
166(1)
§4.53 The Criminal Defendant's Favorite Fallacy
166(1)
§4.54 False Conclusions
167(1)
§4.55 False Positives
167(1)
§4.56 False Explanations
167(6)
U.S. v. Massey
167(6)
§4.57 The 50% Fallacy
173(1)
§4.58 The Picker Scam
173(2)
Chapter 5 Statistics
175(52)
§5.10 Descriptive Statistics
176(1)
§5.11 Central Tendency
176(4)
Notes and Problems
179(1)
§5.12 Dispersion
180(21)
Castaneda v. Partida
184(12)
Notes and Problems
196(1)
Tagatz v. Marquette University
196(5)
§5.20 Inferential Statistics
201(1)
§5.21 Correlation
201(4)
§5.22 Regression Analysis
205(12)
Ottaviani v. State University of New York at New Paltz
206(11)
§5.30 Misuse of Statistical Theory
217(1)
§5.31 Correlation v. Causation
217(1)
§5.32 Semantic Gymnastics
218(1)
§5.33 Biased Sampling
219(1)
§5.34 Extraneous Variables
219(1)
§5.35 The Least Integer Principle
220(1)
§5.36 Small Sample Scams
220(1)
§5.37 Sample Switching
221(1)
§5.38 Detached Logic
222(1)
§5.39 Mathematical Manipulation
222(1)
Notes and Problems
222(1)
§5.40 Challenging Statistical Testimony
223(1)
§5.41 Computerized Hijacking
224(3)
Notes and Problems
224(3)
Chapter 6 Graphs and Diagrams
227(26)
§6.10 General Admissibility
227(1)
§6.20 Graphs
228(1)
§6.21 Selective Deception
228(5)
§6.22 Slanted Perspectives
233(2)
§6.23 Tasteless Pies
235(8)
Model Imperial Supply Co., Inc. v. Westwind Cosmetics, Inc.
237(5)
Notes and Problems
242(1)
§6.24 Cheaters' Checklist
243(1)
§6.30 Diagrams
244(9)
Stenger v. Germanos
245(1)
Libby v. Hill
245(2)
Notes and Problems
247(1)
Ladeburg v. Ray
247(3)
Notes and Problems
250(3)
Chapter 7 Classical Physics
253(56)
§7.10 Newton's Laws of Motion
253(2)
§7.11 Measuring Up
255(1)
§7.12 The Gravity of the Situation
255(4)
Gavoni v. Dobbs House, Inc.
256(2)
Notes and Problems
258(1)
§7.13 Moving Objects
259(10)
Winterberg v. Thomas
262(4)
Addison v. Moss
266(3)
§7.14 There Shall Be Friction
269(13)
People v. Herman
270(5)
Notes and Problems
275(2)
Hoffman v. Oakley
277(4)
Notes and Problems
281(1)
§7.20 Thermodynamics
282(1)
§7.21 The First Law: The Conservation of Energy
282(2)
§7.22 The Second Law: Entropy
284(6)
A.B. Chapman v. Redwine
284(6)
§7.23 The Third Law: Absolute Zero
290(1)
§7.30 Electromagnetic Energy
291(1)
§7.31 Maxwell's Laws
291(1)
§7.32 Ohm's Law
292(1)
§7.33 Shocking Information
293(10)
Coughlin v. Great Western Power Co.
293(9)
Notes and Problems
302(1)
§7.34 Current Ownership
303(1)
§7.35 Radar
304(1)
§7.36 Chaos
305(4)
Chapter 8 Modern Physics
309(68)
§8.10 Einstein
310(1)
§8.11 The First Paper: The Birth of Quantum Mechanics
310(1)
§8.12 The Second Paper: The Theory of Special Relativity
311(4)
§8.13 The Third Paper: Brownian Movement
315(1)
§8.14 General Relativity
316(3)
Notes and Problems
317(2)
§8.20 Quantum Mechanics
319(1)
§8.30 Going Nuclear
320(56)
Allen v. United States
320(52)
Notes and Problems
372(4)
§8.40 Tomorrow
376(1)
Chapter 9 Accounting and Finance
377(54)
§9.10 The Cost of Money
378(1)
§9.11 Simple Interest
378(1)
§9.12 Compound Interest
379(6)
Lunaas v. United States
380(3)
Notes and Problems
383(1)
White v. Sweeney
383(2)
Notes and Problems
385(1)
§9.13 Annuities
385(2)
§9.14 Present Value of Future Payments
387(2)
§9.20 Basic Accounting
389(1)
§9.21 The Balance Sheet
389(3)
Notes and Problems
391(1)
§9.22 The Income Statement
392(16)
Art Buchwald v. Paramount Pictures Corporation
393(10)
Batfilm Productions, Inc. v. Warner Bros., Inc.
403(4)
Notes and Problems
407(1)
§9.30 Tracing
408(12)
In re Marriage of Marsden
409(11)
Notes and Problems
420(1)
§9.40 Financial Indicators
420(1)
§9.41 Liquidity
420(2)
§9.42 Activity
422(1)
§9.43 Leverageability
423(1)
§9.44 Profitability
424(3)
Notes and Problems
426(1)
§9.50 Tax Accounting
427(1)
§9.51 The Mathematics of Taxation
427(1)
§9.52 The Complexity of Taxation
428(3)
Notes and Problems
429(1)
Notes and Problems
430(1)
About the Author 431(2)
Index 433