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E-grāmata: Mechanical Engineering Principles

Carl Ross (Professor of Structural Dynamics, University of Portsmouth, UK), John Bird

Formāts: 388 pages
Izdošanas datums: 03-Sep-2019
Izdevniecība: Routledge
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9781000627565

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Mechanical engineering

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Formāts: 388 pages
Izdošanas datums: 03-Sep-2019
Izdevniecība: Routledge
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9781000627565

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Mechanical engineering

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A student-friendly introduction to core mechanical engineering topics.

This book introduces mechanical principles and technology through examples and applications, enabling students to develop a sound understanding of both engineering principles and their use in practice. These theoretical concepts are supported by 400 fully worked problems, 700 further problems with answers, and 300 multiple-choice questions, all of which add up to give the reader a firm grounding on each topic.

Two new chapters are included, covering the basic principles of matrix algebra and the matrix displacement method. The latter will also include guidance on software that can be used via SmartPhones, iPads or laptops. The new edition is up to date with the latest BTEC National specifications and can also be used on undergraduate courses in mechanical, civil, structural, aeronautical and marine engineering, and naval architecture.

A companion website contains the full worked solutions to the problems and revision tests, practical demonstration videos, as well as a glossary and information on the amous engineers mentioned in the text.

Preface

Part One Revision of Mathematics

(44)

1 Revisionary mathematics

(17)

1.1 Introduction

(1)

1.2 Radians and degrees

(1)

1.3 Measurement of angles

(1)

1.4 Triangle calculations

(3)

1.5 Brackets

(1)

1.6 Fractions

(2)

1.7 Percentages

(2)

1.8 Laws of indices

(2)

1.9 Simultaneous equations

(4)

Revision Test 1 Revisionary mathematics

(2)

2 Further revisionary mathematics

(25)

2.1 Units, prefixes and engineering notation

(3)

2.2 Metric--US/Imperial conversions

(4)

2.3 Straight line graphs

(2)

2.4 Gradients, intercepts and equation of a graph

(2)

2.5 Practical straight line graphs

(2)

2.6 Introduction to calculus

(1)

2.7 Basic differentiation revision

(2)

2.8 Revision of integration

(2)

2.9 Definite integrals

(1)

2.10 Simple vector analysis

(4)

Revision Test 2 Further revisionary mathematics

(2)

Part Two Statics and Strength of Materials

(154)

3 The effects of forces on materials

(17)

3.1 Introduction

(1)

3.2 Tensile force

(1)

3.3 Compressive force

(1)

3.4 Shear force

(1)

3.5 Stress

(1)

3.6 Strain

(2)

3.7 Elasticity, limit of proportionality and elastic limit

(1)

3.8 Hooke's law

(4)

3.9 Ductility, brittleness and malleability

(1)

3.10 Modulus of rigidity

(1)

3.11 Thermal strain

(1)

3.12 Compound bars

(6)

4 Tensile testing

(8)

4.1 The tensile test

(2)

4.2 Worked problems on tensile testing

(2)

4.3 Further worked problems on tensile testing

(2)

4.4 Proof stress

(2)

5 Forces acting at a point

(15)

5.1 Scalar and vector quantities

(1)

5.2 Centre of gravity and equilibrium

(1)

5.3 Forces

(1)

5.4 The resultant of two coplanar forces

(1)

5.5 Triangle of forces method

(1)

5.6 The parallelogram of forces method

(1)

5.7 Resultant of coplanar forces by calculation

(1)

5.8 Resultant of more than two coplanar forces

(2)

5.9 Coplanar forces in equilibrium

(2)

5.10 Resolution of forces

(3)

5.11 Summary

(3)

6 Simply supported beams

(12)

6.1 The moment of a force

(1)

6.2 Equilibrium and the principle of moments

(2)

6.3 Simply supported beams having point loads

(4)

6.4 Simply supported beams with couples

(4)

Revision Test 3 Forces, tensile testing and beams

(1)

7 Forces in structures

(14)

7.1 Introduction

(1)

7.2 Worked problems on mechanisms and pin-jointed trusses

100

(1)

7.3 Graphical method

101

(4)

7.4 Method of joints (a mathematical method)

105

(5)

7.5 The method of sections (a mathematical method)

110

(3)

8 Bending moment and shear force diagrams

113

(1)

8.1 Bending moment (M)

113

(1)

8.2 Shearing force (F)

114

(1)

83 Worked problems on bending moment and shearing force diagrams

114

(14)

8.4 Uniformly distributed loads

123

(5)

9 First and second moments of area

128

(18)

9.1 Centroids

128

(1)

9.2 The first moment of area

129

(1)

9.3 Centroid of area between a curve and the x-axis

129

(1)

9.4 Centroid of area between a curve and the y-axis

129

(1)

9.5 Worked problems on centroids of simple shapes

130

(1)

9.6 Further worked problems on centroids of simple shapes

131

(1)

9.7 Second moments of area of regular sections

132

(7)

9.8 Second moment of area for `built-up' sections

139

(6)

Revision Test 4 Forces in structures, bending moment and shear force diagrams, and second moments of area

145

(1)

10 Bending of beams

146

(6)

10.1 Introduction

146

(1)

10.2 To prove that σ/y = M/I = E/R

147

(1)

10.3 Worked problems on the bending of beams

148

(4)

11 Torque

152

(10)

11.1 Couple and torque

152

(1)

11.2 Work done and power transmitted by a constant torque

153

(2)

11.3 Kinetic energy and moment of inertia

155

(3)

11.4 Power transmission and efficiency

158

(4)

12 Twisting of shafts

162

(7)

12.1 To prove that τ/t = T/J = G/L

162

(2)

12.2 Worked problems on the twisting of shafts

164

(4)

Revision Test 5 Bending of beams, torque and twisting of shafts

168

(1)

13 An introduction to matrix algebra

169

(9)

13.1 Introduction

159

(11)

13.2 Elementary matrix algebra

170

(1)

13.3 Addition and subtraction of matrices

171

(1)

13.4 Matrix multiplication

171

(2)

13.5 Two by two determinants

173

(1)

13.6 Three by three determinants

174

(4)

14 The matrix displacement method

178

(21)

14.1 Introduction

179

(1)

14.2 The matrix displacement method

179

(1)

14.3 The structural stiffness matrix (K)

180

(1)

14.4 Elemental stiffness matrix for a plane rod

181

(3)

14.5 Slope-deflection equations

184

(1)

14.6 Continuous beams

185

(6)

14.7 Analysis of pin-jointed trusses on SmartPhones, tablets and Microsoft computers

191

(2)

14.8 Analysis of continuous beams on SmartPhones, tablets and Microsoft computers

193

(3)

14.9 Analysis of rigid-jointed plane frames on SmartPhones, tablets and Microsoft computers

196

(3)

Part Three Dynamics

199

(82)

15 Linear and angular motion

201

(9)

15.1 The radian

201

(1)

15.2 Linear and angular velocity

201

(2)

15.3 Linear and angular acceleration

203

(1)

15.4 Further equations of motion

204

(2)

15.5 Relative velocity

206

(4)

16 Linear momentum and impulse

210

(8)

16.1 Linear momentum

210

(3)

16.2 Impulse and impulsive forces

213

(5)

17 Force, mass and acceleration

218

(9)

17.1 Introduction

218

(1)

17.2 Newton's laws of motion

219

(3)

17.3 Centripetal acceleration

222

(1)

17.4 Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis

223

(1)

17.5 Moment of inertia (I)

224

(3)

18 Work, energy and power

227

(15)

18.1 Work

227

(4)

18.2 Energy

231

(1)

18.3 Power

232

(3)

18.4 Potential and kinetic energy

235

(3)

18.5 Kinetic energy of rotation

238

(3)

Revision Test 6 Linear and angular motion, momentum and impulse, force, mass and acceleration, work, energy and power

241

(1)

19 Friction

242

(11)

19.1 Introduction to friction

242

(1)

19.2 Coefficient of friction

243

(1)

19.3 Applications of friction

244

(1)

19.4 Friction on an inclined plane

245

(1)

19.5 Motion up a plane with the pulling force P parallel to the plane

245

(1)

19.6 Motion down a plane with the pulling force P parallel to the plane

246

(1)

19.7 Motion up a plane due to a horizontal force P

246

(3)

19.8 The efficiency of a screw jack

249

(4)

20 Motion in a circle

253

(9)

20.1 Introduction

253

(2)

20.2 Motion on a curved banked track

255

(1)

20.3 Conical pendulum

256

(2)

20.4 Motion in a vertical circle

258

(2)

20.5 Centrifugal clutch

260

(2)

21 Simple harmonic motion

262

(7)

21.1 Introduction to simple harmonic motion (SHM)

262

(1)

21.2 The spring-mass system

263

(2)

21.3 The simple pendulum

265

(1)

21.4 The compound pendulum

266

(1)

21.5 Torsional vibrations

267

(2)

22 Simple machines

269

(12)

22.1 Machines

269

(1)

22.2 Force ratio, movement ratio and efficiency

269

(2)

22.3 Pulleys

271

(2)

22.4 The screw-jack

273

(1)

22.5 Gear trains

273

(2)

22.6 Levers

275

(4)

Revision Test 7 Friction, motion in a circle, simple harmonic motion and simple machines

279

(2)

Part Four Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics

281

(79)

23 Heat energy and transfer

283

(13)

23.1 Introduction

284

(1)

23.2 The measurement of temperature

285

(1)

23.3 Specific heat capacity

285

(2)

23.4 Change of state

287

(1)

23.5 Latent heats of fusion and vaporisation

288

(1)

23.6 A simple refrigerator

289

(1)

23.7 Conduction, convection and radiation

290

(1)

23.8 Vacuum flask

290

(1)

23.9 Use of insulation in conserving fuel

291

(1)

23.10 Thermal efficiency

291

(1)

23.11 Calorific value and combustion

291

(1)

23.12 Heat exchangers

291

(5)

24 Thermal expansion

296

(9)

24.1 Introduction

296

(1)

24.2 Practical applications of thermal expansion

297

(1)

24.3 Expansion and contraction of water

297

(1)

24.4 Coefficient of linear expansion

297

(2)

24.5 Coefficient of superficial expansion

299

(1)

24.6 Coefficient of cubic expansion

300

(4)

Revision Test 8 Heat energy and transfer, and thermal expansion

304

(1)

25 Hydrostatics

305

(21)

25.1 Pressure

306

(1)

25.2 Density

307

(2)

25.3 Fluid pressure

309

(1)

25.4 Atmospheric pressure

310

(1)

25.5 Archimedes' principle

311

(2)

25.6 Measurement of pressure

313

(1)

25.7 Barometers

313

(2)

25.8 Absolute and gauge pressure

315

(1)

25.9 The manometer

315

(1)

25.10 The Bourdon pressure gauge

316

(1)

25.11 Vacuum gauges

317

(1)

25.12 Hydrostatic pressure on submerged surfaces

318

(1)

25.13 Hydrostatic thrust on curved surfaces

319

(1)

25.14 Buoyancy

319

(1)

25.15 The stability of floating bodies

319

(7)

26 Fluid flow

326

(12)

26.1 Differential pressure flowmeters

326

(1)

26.2 Orifice plate

327

(1)

26.3 Venturi tube

328

(1)

26.4 Flow nozzle

328

(1)

26.5 Pitot-static tube

328

(2)

26.6 Mechanical flowmeters

330

(1)

26.7 Deflecting vane flowmeter

330

(1)

26.8 Turbine type meters

330

(1)

26.9 Float and tapered-tube meter

331

(1)

26.10 Electromagnetic flowmeter

331

(1)

26.11 Hot-wire anemometer

332

(1)

26.12 Choice of flowmeter

332

(1)

26.13 Equation of continuity

333

(1)

26.14 Bernoulli's equation

333

(2)

26.15 Impact of a jet on a stationary plate

335

(3)

27 Ideal gas laws

338

(11)

27.1 Boyle's law

338

(2)

27.2 Charles' law

340

(1)

27.3 The pressure or Gay-Lussac's law

341

(1)

27.4 Dalton's law of partial pressure

342

(1)

27.5 Characteristic gas equation

343

(1)

27.6 Worked problems on the characteristic gas equation

343

(2)

27.7 Further worked problems on the characteristic gas equation

345

(4)

28 The measurement of temperature

349

(11)

28.1 Liquid-in-glass thermometer

349

(2)

28.2 Thermocouples

351

(1)

28.3 Resistance thermometers

352

(2)

28.4 Thermistors

354

(1)

28.5 Pyrometers

354

(2)

28.6 Temperature indicating paints and crayons

356

(1)

28.7 Bimetallic thermometers

356

(1)

28.8 Mercury-in-steel thermometer

356

(1)

28.9 Gas thermometers

356

(1)

28.10 Choice of measuring devices

357

(2)

Revision Test 9 Hydrostatics, fluid flow, gas laws and temperature measurement

359

(1)

A list of formulae for mechanical engineering principles

360

(5)

Metric to Imperial conversions and vice versa

365

(1)

Greek alphabet

366

(1)

Glossary of terms

367

(5)

Answers to multiple-choice questions

372

(2)

Index

374

John Bird is the former Head of Applied Electronics in the Faculty of Technology at Highbury College, Portsmouth, UK. More recently, he has combined freelance lecturing at the University of Portsmouth with Examiner responsibilities for Advanced Mathematics with City and Guilds and examining for the International Baccalaureate Organisation. He is the author of over 135 textbooks on engineering and mathematical subjects with worldwide sales of over one million copies. He is a chartered engineer, a chartered mathematician, a chartered scientist and a Fellow of three professional institutions and is currently lecturing at the Defence School of Marine Engineering in the Defence College of Technical Training at H.M.S. Sultan, Gosport, Hampshire, UK, one of the largest technical training establishments in Europe.

Carl Ross gained his first degree in Naval Architecture from Kings College, Durham University, his PhD in Structural Engineering from the Victoria University of Manchester, and was awarded his DSc in Ocean Engineering from the CNAA, London. His research in the field of engineering led to advances in the design of submarine pressure hulls. His publications and guest lectures to date exceed some 300 papers, books, etc., and he was Professor of Structural Dynamics at the University of Portsmouth, UK.

Carl Rosss websites have an enormous content on science, technology and education.

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