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E-grāmata: Mechanical Lumbosacral Spine Pain: Anatomy, Histology and Imaging [Taylor & Francis e-book]

(James Cook University, Queensland, Australia)
  • Formāts: 172 pages, 2 Tables, black and white; 10 Line drawings, color; 29 Line drawings, black and white; 95 Halftones, color; 55 Halftones, black and white; 105 Illustrations, color; 84 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Nov-2022
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003315964
  • Taylor & Francis e-book
  • Cena: 231,23 €*
  • * this price gives unlimited concurrent access for unlimited time
  • Standarta cena: 330,33 €
  • Ietaupiet 30%
  • Formāts: 172 pages, 2 Tables, black and white; 10 Line drawings, color; 29 Line drawings, black and white; 95 Halftones, color; 55 Halftones, black and white; 105 Illustrations, color; 84 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Nov-2022
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003315964
This book addresses an extremely prevalent medical problem: low back pain. It is not a general anatomy book, but it relates specifically to the lumbosacral spine, encompassing anatomy, histology, histopathology, and imaging all in one volume. For students, the text incrementally introduces them to lumbosacral anatomy terms and scientific knowledge by using photographs of gross and histological sections of the spine, as well as schematic drawings and images, in preparation for clinical practice. It answers many questions about the pathogenesis of low back pain, helpful for clinicians, both for treatment decisions and for counselling patients.

Key features:





Provides a clear explanation for many of the pain generators in low back pain and illuminates this perplexing and ubiquitous problem Addresses a gap in the existing literature, as 'non-specific' or mechanical lumbosacral spine pain accounts for by far most chronic spinal pain sufferers complaints for clinicians from general medical practitioners to spinal specialists in various fields such as sports medicine who deal with spinal pain syndromes Illustrates anatomical structures that can be injured and thus become responsible for causing mechanical lumbosacral spine pain; frequently, such injuries cannot be detected on sophisticated imaging such as MRI
Preface x
Acknowledgements xiii
About the Author xiv
Disclaimer Notice xv
Chapter 1 General Introduction to the Lumbosacral Spine
1(13)
Introduction
1(1)
Structures Associated with Spinal Pain Syndromes
2(3)
Patient History of Spinal Pain
5(1)
Neurological Concepts
6(1)
Intervertebral Foramen
7(1)
Imaging for Spinal Mechanical Dysfunction
8(5)
Neurocentral Joints of Immature Spines
13(1)
Chapter 2 Neuroanatomy Summary of the Lumbosacral Spine
14(46)
Introductory Overview
15(1)
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Cauda Equina
15(9)
Spinal Cord
15(4)
Spinal Nerves
19(2)
Cauda Equina
21(3)
Arteries and Veins of the Spinal Cord and Cauda Equina
24(1)
Spinal Cord
24(1)
Cauda Equina
25(1)
Peripheral Nervous System and Its Sympathetic and Para-Sympathetic Divisions
25(5)
Pain: Its Anatomical and Physiological Basis with Reference to the Low Back
30(2)
General Introduction
30(1)
Pain Sensation
30(1)
Pain Mechanisms
31(1)
Sensory Nerve Receptors
31(1)
Nerve Fibre Types and Pain Pathways
31(1)
Central Nervous System Connection
32(1)
Blood Vessels and Their Innervation
32(2)
Vascular Pain
34(1)
Neurotransmission in Sensory Nerves
34(1)
Lumbosacral Spine Innervation
34(26)
General Overview
34(8)
Central Nervous System and Its Relationship to Cerebrospinal Fluid
42(3)
Additional Anatomical Structures That May Give Rise to Lumbosacral Pain Syndromes
45(1)
Cluneal Nerves
45(1)
Furcal Nerves
46(1)
Sacroiliac Joint
46(8)
Clinical Implications of Sacroiliac Joint Mechanical Dysfunction
54(1)
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
55(2)
Brief Summary of the Muscles of the Back: Their Basic Function and Innervation
57(3)
Chapter 3 Gross Anatomy and Histology of the Lumbosacral Spine
60(25)
Introduction
60(3)
Spinal Canal Epidural Space and Some of Its Ligaments
63(2)
Lumbosacral Vertebrae, Intervertebral Discs and Cartilage Endplates
65(3)
Basivertebral Canal Nerve Bundle
68(1)
Vertebral Column Blood Supply
69(6)
Three-Joint Complex
75(3)
Plain Lateral X-Ray Images of the Lower Lumbosacral Level
78(1)
Sectioning of Human Cadaveric Spines and of Fresh Surgical Specimens for Histological Examination
79(6)
Chapter 4 Anatomical Atlas: Gross Anatomical and Histological Examples of Possible Causes of Non-Specific and Specific Spinal Pain Syndromes Due to Lumbosacral Spine Mechanical Dysfunction or Failure
85(53)
Zygapophysial (`Facet') Joints
86(28)
1 Lower Lumbar Zygapophysial Joints and Their Gross Anatomical and Histological Structures (Figures 4.1 to 4.5)
87(1)
(A) Inferior Recesses
87(2)
(B) Intra-Articular Synovial Folds--Their Histological Structure Including Their Innervation (Figures 4.6 to 4.10)
89(4)
Zygapophysial Joint Synovial Cysts (Figure 4.11)
93(1)
(C) Mid-to-Upper Region of Lumbosacral Zygapophysial Joint Recesses and Their Histological Structure (Figure 4.12)
93(1)
(D) Upper Pole of a Lumbosacral Zygapophysial Joint Recess (Figure 4.13)
94(1)
2 Lumbar Ligamentum Flavum (Figures 4.14 and 4.15)
95(1)
(A) Axial Section
95(1)
(B) Coronal Section
96(1)
3 Multifactorial Degenerative Changes at One Level of the Spine (Figures 4.16A and B)
97(2)
4 Blood Vessels Mechanically Tractioned by Zygapophysial Joint Osteophytes (Figure 4.17)
99(1)
5 Zygapophysial Joint Facet Hyaline Articular Cartilage Early Degeneration (Figure 4.18)
100(2)
6 Tropism of Zygapophysial Joints Causing Mechanical Low Back Pain (Figures 4.19 and 4.20)
102(3)
7 Zygapophysial Joint Facet Degenerative Fibrocartilage Bumper Formation (Figure 4.21)
105(1)
8 Zygapophysial Joint Facet Imbrication/Subluxation Causing Osteoarthrotic Changes between the Subjacent Articular Process and the Pedicle Above (Figure 4.22)
106(1)
9 Multifactorial Degenerative Changes Affecting the "Three-Joint Complex' As Well As the Neurovascular Structures within the Intervertebral Foramen (Figures 4.23 and 4.24)
107(3)
10 Multifactorial Degeneration Occurring at Two Adjacent Spinal Levels (Figure 4.25)
110(1)
11 Adhesions within a Zygapophysial Joint Capsule and Bridging across Joint Surfaces (Figure 4.26)
111(1)
12 Nerve Roots and Their CSF Relationship (Figures 4.27 and 4.28)
112(2)
Intervertebral Disc Joints
114(19)
1 Intervertebral Disc Protrusion Anteriorly and Posteriorly with Internal Disc Disruption at Only One Spinal Level (Figure 4.29)
114(2)
2 Intervertebral Disc Central Posterior Protrusion (Figure 4.30)
116(1)
3 Intervertebral Disc Broad-Based Posterior Protrusion (Figure 4.31)
117(2)
4 Endplate Injury/Microfracture with Associated Posterolateral Disc Herniation and Examples of Schmorl's Nodes (Figures 4.32 and 4.33)
119(2)
5 Posterior Migration and Leakage of Nuclear Material (Figure 4.34)
121(2)
6 Blood Vessels Associated with Intervertebral Disc Degenerative Changes and Accompanying Vascular Ingrowth (Figures 4.35 and 4.36)
123(2)
7 Vertebral Body Posterolateral Osteophytes (Figure 4.37)
125(1)
8 Intervertebral Disc Protrusion with Vertebral Body Lateral Osteophytes (Figure 4.38)
126(1)
9 Adhesion Formation between a Nerve Root Sleeve and an Intervertebral Disc Protrusion (Figure 4.39)
127(1)
10 Pressure upon Neural Structures within the Intervertebral Foramen (Figure 4.40)
128(1)
11 Transforaminal Ligaments Traversing the Intervertebral Foramen and Their Innervation (Figure 4.41)
129(1)
12 Interspinous Ligament Injury Due to `Kissing Spinouses' i.e. Baastrup's Disease or Syndrome (Figure 4.42)
130(1)
13 Spondylolysis Due to Isthmus Mechanical Stress Fracture--X-Ray and a Histological Example (Figure 4.43)
131(2)
Miscellaneous Conditions
133(4)
1 Ossicles of Lumbar Vertebra Posterior Elements (Figures 4.44 and 4.45)
133(2)
2 Transitional Lumbosacral Vertebrae Associated with Mechanical Low Back Pain (Figures 4.46 and 4.47)
135(1)
Sacralization
135(1)
Lumbarization
136(1)
Summary
137(1)
Chapter 5 Three Clinical Examples Associated with Lumbosacral Spine Pain of Mechanical Origin
138(14)
(1) Leg Length Inequality--Its Effect on the Lumbosacral Spine, Hip Joints, and Knee Joints (`Long Leg Arthropathy')
138(10)
Introduction
138(1)
Erect Posture Plain X-Ray Imaging
139(5)
Hip Joint Femoral Head--Acetabulum Alignment Associated with Leg Length Inequality
144(1)
Knee Joint Osteoarthrosis Associated with Leg Length Inequality
144(1)
Zygapophysial Joints Associated with Leg Length Inequality
145(1)
Clinical Importance of Leg Length Inequality
146(2)
(2) Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
148(1)
(3) Tethered Cord Syndrome
149(3)
Introduction
149(1)
Symptoms
149(1)
Signs
149(1)
MR Imaging
150(1)
Physiological Diagnostic Studies
150(1)
Factors Associated with the Onset of TCS Symptoms in Adolescents and Adults
150(1)
Summary
151(1)
Key Point
151(1)
Conclusion 152(3)
Definitions 155(4)
References 159(11)
Index 170
Dr Lynton GF Giles DC (Toronto) MSc, PhD (W Aust) practised full time as a chiropractor for many years and, during that period, he became Honorary Clinical Scientist at Townsville General Hospital (1994-2002) and Adjunct Associate Professor (Clinical) at the School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia as well as Clinical Director of the Multidisciplinary Spinal Pain Unit that he helped to establish at the Townsville General Hospital. Prior to this he was Senior Research Fellow and Director of the Spinal Research Laboratory, Division of Science and Technology at Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland which he established in 1989. He has been a member of the Spine Society of Australia since 1992 and was a member of the British Society of Clinical Anatomists until he retired. He was honoured by the Chiropractors Association of Australia (National) Ltd in 2015 when the Giles Lecture and the Giles Medal for Outstanding Research in Health Science were established.