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Mechanics of Solids 3rd edition [Mīkstie vāki]

(Professor of Structural Dynamics, University of Portsmouth, UK), ,
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 504 pages, height x width: 280x210 mm, weight: 1560 g, 33 Tables, color; 717 Line drawings, black and white; 16 Halftones, black and white; 733 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Nov-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367651408
  • ISBN-13: 9780367651404
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 504 pages, height x width: 280x210 mm, weight: 1560 g, 33 Tables, color; 717 Line drawings, black and white; 16 Halftones, black and white; 733 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Nov-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367651408
  • ISBN-13: 9780367651404
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Mechanics of Solids provides an introduction to the behaviour of solid materials under various loading conditions, focusing upon the fundamental concepts and principles of statics and stress analysis. As the primary recommended text of the Council of Engineering Institutions for university undergraduates studying mechanics of solids it is essential reading for mechanical engineering undergraduates and also students on many civil, structural, aeronautical and other engineering courses. The mathematics in this book has been kept as straightforward as possible and worked examples are used to reinforce key concepts. Practical stress and strain scenarios are covered, including simple stress and strain, torsion, bending, elastic failure and buckling. Many examples are given of thin-walled structures, beams, struts and composite structures. This third edition includes new chapters on matrix algebra, linear elastic fracture mechanics, material property considerations and more on strain energy methods. The companion website www.routledge.com/cw/bird provides full solutions to all 575 further problems in the text, multiple-choice tests, a list of essential formulae, resources for adopting course instructors, together with several practical demonstrations by Professor Ross.



The primary recommended undergraduate mechanics of solids text of the Council of Engineering Institutions, it covers practical stress and strain scenarios including simple stress and strain, torsion, bending, elastic failure and buckling, with examples, and new coverage of matrix algebra, fracture mechanics, and creep and fatigue.

Preface xi
1 Revisionary mathematics
1(20)
1.1 Introduction
2(1)
1.2 Radians and degrees
2(1)
1.3 Measurement of angles
2(1)
1.4 Trigonometry revision
3(3)
1.5 Brackets
6(1)
1.6 Fractions
7(2)
1.7 Percentages
9(2)
1.8 Laws of indices
11(2)
1.9 Simultaneous equations
13(8)
Revision Test 1 Revisionary mathematics
17(2)
Multiple-Choice Questions Test 1
19(2)
2 Further revisionary mathematics
21(32)
2.1 Units, prefixes and engineering notation
22(4)
2.2 Metric-US/Imperial conversions
26(4)
2.3 Straight line graphs
30(2)
2.4 Gradients, intercepts and equation of a graph
32(3)
2.5 Practical straight line graphs
35(1)
2.6 Introduction to calculus
36(1)
2.7 Basic differentiation revision
36(2)
2.8 Revision of integration
38(2)
2.9 Definite integrals
40(2)
2.10 Simple vector analysis
42(11)
Revision Test 2 Further revisionary mathematics
45(2)
Multiple-Choice Questions Test 2
47(2)
Mathematics help -- some references
49(2)
Notation used in Mechanics of Solids
51(2)
3 Statics
53(36)
3.1 Plane pin-jointed trusses
54(1)
3.2 Criterion for sufficiency of bracing
55(1)
3.3 Mathematics used in statics
55(1)
3.4 Equilibrium considerations
56(11)
3.5 Bending moment and shearing force
67(1)
3.6 Loads
68(1)
3.7 Types of beam
69(1)
3.8 Bending moment and shearing force diagrams
70(4)
3.9 Point of contraflexure
74(4)
3.10 Relationship between bending moment (M), shearing force (F) and intensity of load (w)
78(3)
3.11 Cables
81(6)
3.12 Suspension bridges
87(2)
4 Stress and strain
89(22)
4.1 Introduction
90(1)
4.2 Hooke's Law
91(1)
4.3 Load-extension relationships
91(2)
4.4 Proof stress
93(1)
4.5 Ductility
93(3)
4.6 Shear stress and shear strain
96(2)
4.7 Poisson's ratio (v)
98(1)
4.8 Hydrostatic stress
98(1)
4.9 Relationship between the material constants E, G, K and v
99(1)
4.10 Three-dimensional stress
99(1)
4.11 Composite materials
100(2)
4.12 Thermal strain
102(1)
4.13 Compound bars
103(6)
4.14 Failure by fatigue
109(1)
4.15 Failure due to creep
110(1)
5 Geometrical properties of symmetrical sections
111(22)
5.1 Introduction
112(1)
5.2 Centroid
112(1)
5.3 Second moment of area
112(1)
5.4 Polar second moment of area
113(1)
5.5 Parallel axis theorem
113(1)
5.6 Perpendicular axis theorem
113(10)
5.7 Calculation of I through numerical integration
123(6)
5.8 Computer program for calculating y and IXX
129(1)
5.9 Use of EXCEL spreadsheet in calculating geometrical properties of beams
130(3)
6 Bending stresses in beams
133(18)
6.1 Introduction
134(1)
6.2 Proof of σ/y = M/I=E/R
134(2)
6.3 Sectional modulus (Z)
136(2)
6.4 Anticlastic curvature
138(1)
6.5 Composite beams
139(3)
6.6 Flitched beams
142(3)
6.7 Composite ship structures
145(2)
6.8 Composite structures
147(1)
6.9 Combined bending and direct stress
147(4)
7 Beam deflections due to bending
151(18)
7.1 Introduction
152(1)
7.2 Repeated integration method
152(5)
7.3 Macaulay's method
157(4)
7.4 Statically indeterminate beams
161(4)
7.5 Moment-area method
165(1)
7.6 Slope-deflection equations
166(3)
8 Torsion
169(32)
8.1 Introduction
170(1)
8.2 Torque (T)
170(1)
8.3 Assumptions made in circular shaft theory
170(1)
8.4 Proof of τ/r =T/J = Gθ/1
170(3)
8.5 Flanged couplings
173(2)
8.6 Keyed couplings
175(1)
8.7 Compound shafts
176(4)
8.8 Tapered shafts
180(1)
8.9 Close-coiled helical springs
180(1)
8.10 Torsion of thin-walled non-circular sections
181(1)
8.11 Torsion of thin-walled rectangular sections
182(1)
8.12 Torsion of thin-walled open sections
183(1)
8.13 Elastic-plastic torsion of circular-section shafts
184(17)
Multiple-Choice Questions Test 3
191(4)
Revision Test 3 Specimen examination questions for
Chapters 3 to 8
195(2)
Multiple-Choice Questions Test 4
197(4)
9 Complex stress and strain
201(30)
9.1 Introduction
202(1)
9.2 To obtain σθ in terms of the co-ordinate stresses
202(1)
9.3 Principal stresses (σ1 and σ2)
203(2)
9.4 Mohr's stress circle
205(3)
9.5 Combined bending and torsion
208(3)
9.6 Two-dimensional strain systems
211(2)
9.7 Principal strains (ε, and ε2)
213(2)
9.8 Mohr's circle of strain
215(1)
9.9 Stress-strain relationships for plane stress
215(1)
9.10 Stress-strain relationships for plane strain
216(1)
9.11 Pure shear
216(4)
9.12 Strain rosettes
220(7)
9.13 Computer program for principal stresses and strains
227(1)
9.14 The constitutive laws for a lamina of a composite in global co-ordinates
228(3)
10 Membrane theory for thin-walled circular cylinders and spheres
231(12)
10.1 Introduction
232(1)
10.2 Is it possible for humans to inhabit the moon?
232(1)
10.3 Circular cylindrical shells under uniform internal pressure
233(2)
10.4 Thin-walled spherical shells under uniform internal pressure
235(5)
10.5 Bending stresses in circular cylinders under uniform pressure
240(1)
10.6 Circular cylindrical shell with hemispherical ends
241(2)
11 Energy methods
243(40)
11.1 Introduction
244(1)
11.2 The method of minimum potential (Rayleigh-Ritz)
244(1)
11.3 The principle of virtual work
244(1)
11.4 The principle of complementary virtual work
245(1)
11.5 Castigliano's first theorem
245(1)
11.6 Castigliano's second theorem
245(1)
11.7 Strain energy stored in a rod under axial loading
246(1)
11.8 Strain energy stored in a beam subjected to couples of magnitude Matits ends
247(1)
11.9 Strain energy due to a torque T stored in a uniform circular-section shaft
247(4)
11.10 Deflection of thin curved beams
251(10)
11.11 Unit load method
261(7)
11.12 Suddenly applied and impact loads
268(1)
11.13 Resilience
269(5)
11.14 Plastic collapse of beams
274(4)
11.15 Residual stresses in beams
278(5)
12 Theories of elastic failure
283(12)
12.1 Introduction
284(1)
12.2 Maximum principal stress theory (Rankine)
284(1)
12.3 Maximum principal strain theory (St Venant)
284(1)
12.4 Total strain energy theory (Beltrami and Haigh)
285(1)
12.5 Maximum shear stress theory (Tresca)
286(1)
12.6 Maximum shear strain energy theory (Hencky and von Mises)
286(2)
12.7 Yield loci
288(5)
12.8 Conclusions
293(2)
13 Thick cylinders and spheres
295(24)
13.1 Introduction
296(1)
13.2 Derivation of the hoop and radial stress equations for a thick-walled cylinder
296(2)
13.3 Lame line
298(4)
13.4 Compound cylinders
302(5)
13.5 Plastic yielding of thick tubes
307(4)
13.6 Thick spherical shells
311(2)
13.7 Rotating discs
313(2)
13.8 Plastic collapse of discs
315(1)
13.9 Rotating rings
316(1)
13.10 Design of the `Trieste' to conquer the Mariana Trench
316(3)
14 The buckling of struts
319(18)
14.1 Introduction
320(1)
14.2 Axially loaded struts
320(1)
14.3 Elastic instability of very long slender struts
320(3)
14.4 Struts with various boundary conditions
323(1)
14.5 Limit of application of Euler theory
324(1)
14.6 Rankine-Gordon formula for struts buckling inelastically
324(2)
14.7 Effects of geometrical imperfections
326(1)
14.8 Eccentrically loaded struts
327(4)
14.9 Struts with initial curvature
331(2)
14.10 Perry-Robertson formula
333(2)
14.11 Dynamic instability
335(2)
15 Asymmetrical bending of beams
337(16)
15.1 Introduction
338(1)
15.2 Symmetrical-section beams loaded asymmetrically
338(1)
15.3 Asymmetrical sections
339(1)
15.4 Calculation of Ixy
340(1)
15.5 Principal axes of bending
341(2)
15.6 Mohr's circle of inertia
343(5)
15.7 Stresses in beams of asymmetrical section
348(5)
16 Shear stresses in bending and shear deflections
353(20)
16.1 Introduction
354(1)
16.2 Vertical shearing stresses
354(1)
16.3 Horizontal shearing stresses
355(8)
16.4 Shear centre
363(4)
16.5 Shear centre positions for closed thin-walled tubes
367(2)
16.6 Shear deflections
369(3)
16.7 Warping
372(1)
17 Experimental strain analysis
373(16)
17.1 Introduction
374(1)
17.2 Electrical resistance strain gauges
374(1)
17.3 Types of electrical resistance strain gauge
375(1)
17.4 Gauge material
376(1)
17.5 Gauge adhesives
376(1)
17.6 Water-proofing
377(1)
17.7 Other strain gauges
378(1)
17.8 Gauge circuits
378(2)
17.9 Photoelasticity
380(2)
17.10 Moire fringes
382(1)
17.11 Brittle lacquer techniques
383(1)
17.12 Semiconductor strain gauges
383(1)
17.13 Acoustical gauges
383(6)
Revision Test 4 Specimen examination questions for
Chapters 9 to 17
385(4)
18 An introduction to matrix algebra
389(10)
18.1 Introduction
390(1)
18.2 Elementary matrix algebra
390(1)
18.3 Addition and subtraction of matrices
391(1)
18.4 Matrix multiplication
391(2)
18.5 Two by two determinants
393(1)
18.6 Three by three determinants
394(5)
Multiple-Choice Questions Test 5
397(2)
19 Composites
399(16)
19.1 A comparison of mechanical properties of materials
400(1)
19.2 Matrix equations for composites
400(1)
19.3 Derivation of the stiffness matrix (Q) and (S)-1 for isotropic materials
401(2)
19.4 Compliance matrix (S) for an orthotropic ply or sheet or layer
403(4)
19.5 Derivation of the stiffness matrix (Q) for orthotropic materials
407(1)
19.6 An orthotropic ply with off-axis loading
407(2)
19.7 A laminate or ply based on orthotropic plies with off-axis loading
409(1)
19.8 Failure criteria for composite materials
410(5)
20 The matrix displacement method
415(20)
20.1 Introduction
416(1)
20.2 The matrix displacement method
416(1)
20.3 The structural stiffness matrix (K)
417(1)
20.4 Elemental stiffness matrix for a plane rod
418(3)
20.5 Continuous beams
421(6)
20.6 Analysis of pin-jointed trusses on SmartPhones, tablets and Microsoft computers
427(2)
20.7 Analysis of continuous beams on SmartPhones, tablets and Microsoft computers
429(3)
20.8 Analysis of rigid-jointed plane frames on SmartPhones, tablets and Microsoft computers
432(3)
21 The finite element method
435(12)
21.1 Introduction
436(1)
21.2 Stiffness matrix for the in-plane triangular element
436(4)
21.3 Stiffness matrix for a three node rod element
440(7)
Revision Test 5 Specimen examination questions for
Chapters 19 to 21
443(4)
22 An introduction to linear elastic fracture mechanics
447(20)
22.1 Introduction
448(1)
22.2 Basis of fracture mechanics theory
448(1)
22.3 Strain energy release and crack propagation
448(3)
22.4 Energy balance approach
451(3)
22.5 The stress intensity approach
454(1)
22.6 Plane stress and plane strain
455(1)
22.7 Plane stress and plain strain behaviour
455(1)
22.8 Allowance for small scale yielding at crack tip
456(1)
22.9 Fracture toughness crack tip opening displacement (CTOD)
457(3)
22.10 Application of fracture mechanics to fatigue crack growth
460(2)
22.11 The J-Integral
462(2)
22.12 Crack extension resistance curves (R-curves)
464(3)
23 Material property considerations
467(22)
23.1 Introduction
468(1)
23.2 Fatigue and the effects of cyclic loading
468(2)
23.3 Design against fatigue
470(2)
23.4 Mean stress and fatigue
472(2)
23.5 Further applications of Goodman diagrams
474(1)
23.6 Varying stress amplitudes and fatigue
475(2)
23.7 The effects of surface treatment and surface finish on fatigue
477(1)
23.8 Corrosion and fatigue
477(1)
23.9 Creep -- the effects of high temperature
477(1)
23.10 Creep testing
478(1)
23.11 Extrapolation of creep data
479(6)
23.12 Effect of restraint -- creep relaxation
485(4)
A revisionary list of formulae for Mechanics of Solids 489(7)
Answers to multiple-choice questions 496(1)
References 497(2)
Index 499
Carl Ross gained his first degree in Naval Architecture from King's College, Durham University, his PhD in Structural Engineering from the Victoria University of Manchester, and was awared his DSc in Ocean Engineering from the CNAA, London. His research in the field of engineering led to advances in the design of submarine pressure hulls. His publications and guest lectures to date exceed some 290 papers and books, and he was Professor Structural Dynamics at the University of Portsmouth, UK. On the website www.routledge.com/cw/bird are several of Carl Ross's practical demonstrations.

John Bird is the former Head of Applied Electronics in the Faculty of Technology at Highbury College, Portsmouth, UK. More recently, he has combined freelance lecturing at the University of Portsmouth with examiner responsibilities for Advanced Mathematics with City & Guilds and examining for the International Baccalaureate Organisation. He has over 45 years experience of successfully teaching, lecturing, instructing, training, educating and planning of trainee engineers study programmes. He is the author of 146 textbooks on engineering, science and mathematical subjects, with worldwide sales of over one million copies. He is a chartered engineer, a chartered mathematician, a chartered scientist and a Fellow of three professional institutions. He has recently retired from lecturing at the Royal Navys Defence College of Marine Engineering in the Defence College of Technical Training at H.M.S. Sultan, Gosport, Hampshire, UK.

Andrew Little completed an undergraduate apprenticeship with Rolls-Royce Aero Division at the City University, London. He subsequently worked as a Stress Engineer for Rolls-Royce and then for companies such as Ferranti Computer Systems and Plessey Aerospace, designing equipment for high stress and vibration environments. After joining the University of Portsmouth, he became involved with pressure vessel research and completed his PhD whilst lecturing full-time. He has taught subjects such as Solid Mechanics, Dynamics, Design and Computer Aided Design over his 30 years at Portsmouth. He is a chartered engineer, a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and has published 80 academic papers. Now semi-retired, Andrew is still an external examiner and an online tutor.