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E-grāmata: Mechanosensory Transduction in Drosophila Melanogaster

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Mechanosensory Transduction in Drosophila MelanogasterPalielināt
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Designed for accessibility, it follows a simple five-chapter structure, beginning with a general introduction to mechanotransduction in physiology (Chapter 1) and some basic considerations on the principles behind mechanotransduction processes (Chapter 2).

This book offers an essential introduction for all graduate students and researchers who are working on or interested in mechanotransduction using fruit flies as their model organisms. Designed for accessibility, it follows a simple five-chapter structure, beginning with a general introduction to mechanotransduction in physiology (Chapter 1) and some basic considerations on the principles behind mechanotransduction processes (Chapter 2). In turn, Chapters 3, 4 and 5 focus on mechanoreceptors in Drosophila melanogaster. Chapter 3 explains how the fly’s mechanosensitive cells (i.e. mechanoreceptors) contribute to its daily life, while Chapter 4 explores the ultrastructural and mechanical basis for the working mechanisms of various fly mechanoreceptors. Lastly, Chapter 5 elaborates on the structure, function and physiology of mechanosensitive molecules in fly mechanoreceptors.

Accordingly, the book provides an overall framework, helping readers understand

mechanosensory transduction, from the physiological level to the molecular level.

1 Overview of Mechanosensory Transduction
1(12)
1.1 Mechanosensory Transduction
1(3)
1.1.1 Sensory Transduction
1(1)
1.1.2 Mechanosensory Transduction in Physiology
2(1)
1.1.3 Dysfunction of Mechanotransduction in Diseases
2(1)
1.1.4 Summary
3(1)
1.2 Model I: Bacteria
4(2)
1.2.1 Mechanotransduction in Bacteria
4(1)
1.2.2 Mechanosensitive Channels (Msc)
5(1)
1.2.3 The Surface Attaching Apparatus
6(1)
1.3 Model II: Touch-Sensitive Neurons in C. elegans
6(3)
1.3.1 Mechanosensation in C. elegans
6(1)
1.3.2 A Good Animal Model
7(1)
1.3.3 Mechanosensory Neurons in C. elegans
8(1)
1.3.4 The Transduction Apparatus in C. elegans Touch Receptors
9(1)
1.4 Model III: Inner Ear Hair Cells
9(2)
1.4.1 Function and Structure of the Hair Cells
9(1)
1.4.2 Mechanotransduction Apparatus in Hair Cells
10(1)
1.5 Summary
11(2)
References
12(1)
2 "Gating-Spring" Model for Mechanotransduction
13(14)
2.1 A Minimal Mechanotransduction Apparatus
13(2)
2.1.1 TheProcesser
13(2)
2.1.2 TheResponder
15(1)
2.1.3 Examples
15(1)
2.2 The "Gating-Spring" Model
15(12)
2.2.1 Overview
15(3)
2.2.2 The Simple Mechanical Description
18(2)
2.2.3 Model Predictions: Sensitivity and Dynamic Range
20(4)
2.2.4 Functional Implications
24(1)
2.2.5 Molecular Basis
24(1)
References
25(2)
3 Mechanoreceptors in Drosophila melanogaster
27(16)
3.1 Overview of Fly Mechanoreceptors
27(1)
3.2 Type I Mechanoreceptors
27(9)
3.2.1 Bristle Sensilla
28(3)
3.2.2 Campaniform Sensilla
31(2)
3.2.3 Chordotonal Organ
33(2)
3.2.4 Ciliated Mechanoreceptors in Fly Larvae
35(1)
3.3 Type II Mechanoreceptors
36(4)
3.3.1 Class I da Neuron
37(1)
3.3.2 Class II da Neuron
37(1)
3.3.3 Class III da Neuron
38(1)
3.3.4 Class IV da Neuron
39(1)
3.4 Summary
40(3)
References
40(3)
4 Mechanotransduction in Drosophila Mechanoreceptors
43(20)
4.1 Overview of Fly Mechanotransduction
43(1)
4.2 Bristle Receptor
44(4)
4.2.1 Bristle Deflection
44(3)
4.2.2 Dendritic Tip and the Supporting Structures
47(1)
4.3 Campaniform Receptor
48(6)
4.3.1 Cuticle Deformation
48(2)
4.3.2 Dendritic Tip and the Supporting Structures
50(2)
4.3.3 Molecular Basis of Mechanotransduction
52(2)
4.4 Chordotonal Organ
54(3)
4.4.1 Fly Antenna and Johnston's Organ
55(1)
4.4.2 Molecular Basis of Mechanotransduction
55(2)
4.5 Dendritic Arborization Neurons
57(6)
4.5.1 Overall Mechanics of da Neurons
57(1)
4.5.2 Molecular Basis of Mechanotransduction
58(1)
References
59(4)
5 Drosophila Mechanotransduction Channels
63(18)
5.1 Overview
63(1)
5.2 No Mechanoreceptor Potential C (NompC)
64(10)
5.2.1 Overview on Fly NompC
64(1)
5.2.2 Structure of NompC
65(2)
5.2.3 Gating of NompC
67(1)
5.2.4 The Gating Spring of NompC
68(3)
5.2.5 NompC-Microtubule Interaction
71(1)
5.2.6 Physiological Roles of Fly NompC
72(1)
5.2.7 NompC/TRPN in Other Organisms
73(1)
5.3 DmPiezo
74(7)
Appendix
76(2)
References
78(3)
Afterword 81
Xin Liang is a biophysicist. He received his B.S. degree and Ph.D. from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2003 and 2007, respectively. He then moved to the Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, Germany for postdoctoral research (Supervisor: Prof. Jonathon Howard). In 2015, he moved back to China and started his own research group at the School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University in Beijing. Currently, his primary research interest is in understanding how cells sense forces at both the cell biological and molecular level.  

Landi Sun received her Ph.D. from Lanzhou University in 2015. Soon after, she began her postdoctoral research at Tsinghua University. She is currently investigating the structural-mechanical basis of mechanotransduction in Drosophila melanogaster.









Zhen Liu graduated from Tsinghua University in 2015 (B.S.), where he is now a graduate student. His current focus is on understanding how diffe

rent mechanoreceptors differentiate between different mechanical stimuli.
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