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E-grāmata: Media Capture And Corrupt Journalists: How Europeanization Helped Build Facades of Democracy

  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Sērija : St Antony's Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Nov-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783031050350
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Sērija : St Antony's Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Nov-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783031050350

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This book explores the form, dynamics, and main reasons for media capture and conspiracy between editors and executive politicians in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) since 2000. Situated in the literatures on Europeanization, democratization, party studies, and media studies, the book aims to connect these fields by showing that internal party dynamics play an important role in motivating executive politicians to hijack or collaborate with media. Against this backdrop, the book tells the story of Croatian journalism in the context of media-mafia conglomerates, political corruption, and media hijacking, and examines how "traditional" democratic drivers that the literature frequently cites, such as Europeanization and party competition, failed to prevent systematic transgressions by politicians. Methodologically, the book takes a two-pronged approach. First, nearly 50 interviews were conducted with Croatian investigative journalists, from which the narratives about the relationships between government politicians and editors over 15 years were reconstructed. In a second step, a sample of 40,000 media articles was subjected to a computational sentiment analysis, covering the same 15-year period and showing high levels of cooperation between corrupt politicians and corrupt media outlets.

1 Introduction
1(60)
1.1 The Main Argument in the Wider CEE Context
7(6)
1.1.1 Unprecedented Attack on Press Freedom Since Accession to the EU
9(4)
1.2 Introduction of the Dependent Variable: Levels of Horizontal Accountability
13(5)
1.2.1 Conceptualizing the Axes of the Typology
14(2)
1.2.2 Specification of Actors and Time Frame
16(2)
1.3 Alternative Explanations
18(12)
1.3.1 Strong Civil Society and Whistle Blowers
18(1)
1.3.2 Economic Crises and Advertisement Spending
19(1)
1.3.3 Media Pluralism and Market Competition
20(1)
1.3.4 Regime Change
21(1)
1.3.5 Europeanization
22(4)
1.3.6 Inter-Party Competition
26(4)
1.4 Developing the Argument
30(17)
1.4.1 Definition of Media Capture of Media Capture and Collusion
30(4)
1.4.2 The Principal-Agent Perspective on Party Leadership Selection
34(4)
1.4.3 Explaining Media Capture with Intra-Party Dynamics
38(9)
1.5 Conclusion
47(14)
References
48(13)
2 Measurement and Methods of Data Collection
61(26)
2.1 Introduction
61(1)
2.2 The Case Study Method
61(3)
2.3 Measuring Media Capture
64(16)
2.3.1 Operationalizing Horizontal Accountability
65(3)
2.3.2 Interviews
68(5)
2.3.3 Sentiment Analysis
73(7)
2.4 Measuring the Independent Variable: Intra-Party Dynamics
80(3)
2.4.1 Dimensions of Intra-Party Accountability
82(1)
2.5 Conclusion
83(4)
Bibliography
84(3)
3 Historical Overview---Establishment of Formal Particularism and the First Transition in the 1990s
87(32)
3.1 Introduction
87(1)
3.2 The General Context of the First Transition
88(11)
3.2.1 Prologue to Democratic Change (1980--1989)
88(3)
3.2.2 The War and the Setup of Presidential-Parliamentarism
91(5)
3.2.3 Sweeping Replacement of the Elite
96(3)
3.3 Transition in the Media
99(8)
3.3.1 Putting the Mainstream Media Under State Control
100(2)
3.3.2 Limiting Freedom for the Private Press
102(2)
3.3.3 The HDZ Controls the Judiciary
104(2)
3.3.4 Tudjman Used Formal Particularism to Control the Media
106(1)
3.4 The HDZ Uses Popular Support After 1995
107(5)
3.4.1 The Moderates and the Hardliners Use the Media for Their Infighting
109(2)
3.4.2 Run-Up to the 2000 Elections
111(1)
3.5 Conclusions
112(7)
References
113(6)
4 Ivica Racan and Jadranka Kosor: Steps to Universalism
119(40)
4.1 Ivica Racan, 12.1999--12.2003
120(25)
4.1.1 The Media Scene at the Outset of the "Second Transformation"
121(3)
4.1.2 The Grupo Contract and Its Impact on the Croatian Media Scene
124(5)
4.1.3 The Media-Mafia Conglomerate Around Nacional
129(3)
4.1.4 PM Racan: Careful Universalism
132(8)
4.1.5 President Mesic and Nacional
140(2)
4.1.6 Summarizing the Roles of Racan and Mesic
142(1)
4.1.7 The Effects of Traditional Drivers
143(2)
4.2 Jadranka Kosor, 07.2009--12.2011
145(8)
4.2.1 Kosor's Relations to Ninoslav Pavic and EPH
148(4)
4.2.2 The Effects of Traditional Drivers
152(1)
4.3 Conclusions
153(6)
References
154(5)
5 Ivo Sanader and Zoran Milanovic: Regression to Particularism
159(50)
5.7 Formal and Informal Particularism
159(2)
5.2 Ivo Sanader, 12.2003--07.2009
161(26)
5.2.1 Capturing Media Using Informal Particularism
163(20)
5.2.2 The Effects of Europeanization
183(4)
5.3 Zoran Milanovic, 12.2011--12.2015
187(15)
5.3.1 Informal Particularism
189(3)
5.3.2 Formal Particularism: Dispensing Rewards and Sanctions via Formal Policies
192(3)
5.3.3 Ivo Josipovic 2011--2015: Informal Particularism and Collusion
195(5)
5.3.4 The Effects of Europeanization
200(2)
5.4 Conclusions
202(7)
References
202(7)
6 Quantitative Text Analysis
209(26)
6.1 Introduction
209(1)
6.2 Brief Description of Method and Data
210(4)
6.2.1 Method
210(2)
6.2.2 Data
212(2)
6.3 Testing the Hypotheses
214(16)
6.3.1 Media Capture
214(16)
6.4 Summary of the Reliability Assessment
230(1)
6.4.1 Limitations of Method and Data
230(1)
6.5 Conclusions
231(4)
Bibliography
232(3)
7 What Motivated the Shirts Between Particularism and Universalism?
235(32)
7.1 Introduction
235(1)
7.2 Summary of the Argument
235(2)
7.3 Rootedness Relaxes the Need for Media Control
237(5)
7.3.1 Summary
237(1)
7.3.2 The Way Racan Acquired Party Leadership
238(1)
7.3.3 Contestation Was Not Personal But Over Ideological Questions
238(2)
7.3.4 Permitted Contestation
240(1)
7.3.5 Required Comparatively Little Media Support from Pavic
241(1)
7.4 Party-Internal Contestation and the Need to Control Media
242(19)
7.4.1 Jadranka Kosor---Weakly Rooted and Highly Contested
243(5)
7.4.2 Sanader and Milanovic---Controlling Contestation for the Leadership
248(13)
7.5 Conclusions
261(6)
References
262(5)
8 Conclusions
267(18)
8.1 Introduction
267(2)
8.2 Synthesis of Empirical Findings
269(6)
8.2.1 Shape and Dynamics of Media Capture and Collusion
269(3)
8.2.2 Why Did Traditional Drivers Fail and What Has Been Driving Media Capture Instead?
272(3)
8.3 Theoretical, Conceptual and Methodological Implications
275(5)
8.3.1 Party Leadership Selection
275(2)
8.3.2 Particularism
277(2)
8.3.3 Sentiment Analysis
279(1)
8.4 Policy Implications and Directions for Further Research
280(1)
8.4.1 Better Measures for Media Independence
280(1)
8.4.2 Testing the Intra-Party Competition Hypothesis on a Larger N
281(1)
8.4.3 Empirical Research on Informal Rules
281(1)
8.5 Final Remarks
281(4)
References
282(3)
Bibliography 285(34)
Index 319
Tomislav Mari is a political and media scientist with a professional background in political consulting.