Atjaunināt sīkdatņu piekrišanu

MediaWriting: Print, Broadcast, and Public Relations 4th New edition [Mīkstie vāki]

(Buffalo State College, USA), (Buffalo State College, USA), (Buffalo State College, USA)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 400 pages, height x width: 235x187 mm, weight: 816 g, Following style of Becoming a PR Writer
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Jan-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415888034
  • ISBN-13: 9780415888035
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Mīkstie vāki
  • Cena: 85,05 €*
  • * Šī grāmata vairs netiek publicēta. Jums tiks paziņota lietotas grāmatas cena
  • Šī grāmata vairs netiek publicēta. Jums tiks paziņota lietotas grāmatas cena.
  • Daudzums:
  • Ielikt grozā
  • Pievienot vēlmju sarakstam
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 400 pages, height x width: 235x187 mm, weight: 816 g, Following style of Becoming a PR Writer
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Jan-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415888034
  • ISBN-13: 9780415888035
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
MediaWriting is an introductory, hands-on textbook for students preparing to write in the current multimedia environment. Rather than just talk about the differences among the styles of print, broadcast, and public relations, MediaWriting sythensizes and integrates them, while weaving in basic principles of Internet writing and social media reporting.









Complete with real-world examples, practical writing exercises, and tips and information for entering into the profession, MediaWriting continues to give students the tools they need to become a successful media writer. The new edition has been extensively rewritten to reflect the dynamic nature of the profession, paying significant attention to how the Internet and social media have become essential communication tools for print and broadcast journalists, and public relations professionals.









Further updates and features include:





















Increased attention to computer-assisted reporting, the preparation of online copy, and social media applications













Two new chapters on lead writing and new new media













A separate chapter focused solely on ethics













Explanatory "how to" boxes that help students understand and retain main themes













Illustrative "It Happened to Me" vignettes from the authors professional experiences













Discussion questions and exercises at the end of every chapter













Suggested readings that highlight biographies, books, and websites that expand the scope and definition of professionalism















In addition to new multimedia elements, the fourth editions companion website features enhanced resources for both students and instructors, including chapter overviews, writing tips, a test bank, sample critiques, and a sample syllabus.
Preface: Introduction to Media Writing xv
1 Communication Theory and News Values
1(18)
Changes in Media Writing
1(1)
Media Writing as Mass Communication
2(2)
The Purpose of Communication
2(1)
Communication Challenges
3(1)
Media Research and Theory
4(3)
Individual Differences Theory
4(1)
Social Categories Theory
4(1)
Social Influence
4(1)
Selective Processes
4(1)
Stereotypes
5(1)
Wants and Needs Gratification
5(1)
Opinion Leaders
5(1)
Narcotizing Dysfunction
6(1)
Cultivation
6(1)
Acculturation
6(1)
Spiral of Silence
6(1)
Implications for Media Writers
7(1)
The Media Business
7(5)
Roles within the Media
8(1)
Gatekeeping
8(1)
Agenda Setting
8(1)
Framing
8(1)
Issue Attention Cycle
9(1)
Status Conferral
9(1)
Specialization
9(1)
Theories of the Press
9(1)
Libertarianism
10(1)
Social Responsibility
10(1)
Broadcast Regulation
10(1)
Further Deregulation
11(1)
A Question of Balance
12(1)
Discussion Questions
12(1)
Chapter Exercises
13(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
14(1)
Notes
14(5)
2 Getting Started: In the Beginning is the Lead
19(20)
Determining What is News
19(3)
Timeliness
20(1)
Proximity
20(1)
Prominence
20(1)
Consequence
20(1)
Conflict
20(1)
Suspense
20(1)
Human Interest
21(1)
Novelty
21(1)
Progress
21(1)
Media Differences
21(1)
Why News Values Matter
22(1)
Why the Inverted Pyramid Story
22(1)
The Lead Paragraph in Print Journalism
23(3)
Summarizing the News
24(2)
Observing Style and Other Technicalities
26(1)
Accuracy, Brevity, Clarity
26(1)
Writing Broadcast Leads
26(1)
Types of Broadcast Leads
27(4)
Single-Act Leads
27(1)
Umbrella or Comprehensive Leads
27(1)
Chronological Narrative Leads
28(1)
Soft Leads
29(1)
Names and Numbers
30(1)
A Worthwhile Effort
30(1)
Discussion Questions
31(1)
Chapter Exercises
31(5)
Suggestions for Further Reading
36(3)
3 Legal Considerations in Media Writing
39(20)
How Easy it is to Make a Mistake
39(1)
Legal Pitfalls
39(6)
Libel and Defamation
40(1)
The "Chilling Effect" of Lawsuits
40(1)
Allegations in News Stories
41(1)
Public and Private Figures
42(1)
Fair Comment
43(1)
Privacy
43(1)
Avoiding Libel Suits
44(1)
Free Press---Fair Trial
45(4)
Cameras in the Courtroom
46(1)
Judges and the Media
47(1)
Voluntary Press---Bar Guidelines
48(1)
Police and the Media
48(1)
Access to Information
49(3)
Reporters and Their Sources
50(1)
Freedom of Information Act
50(1)
Limits to Freedom of Information
51(1)
Open Records, Open Meetings
52(1)
Broadcast Regulation
52(1)
Laws as a Guarantee of a Free Press
53(1)
Discussion Questions
54(1)
Chapter Exercises
54(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
56(1)
Notes
56(3)
4 Ethical Considerations in Writing and Reporting
59(20)
An Ethical Dilemma
59(1)
Sensationalism Sells
59(2)
News as Entertainment
61(1)
A Crisis of Confidence
61(7)
Influence of the Bottom Line
62(1)
Public Perceptions of News and News People
63(1)
A Picture is Worth ...
64(1)
Subjectivity and Objectivity
65(1)
Professional Ethics
66(1)
Changing Definitions of News
67(1)
What the Profession Should Be
68(3)
Reporters Look at Their Profession
70(1)
To Thine Own Self Be True
71(1)
Plagiarism Defined
71(3)
Steps to Avoid Inadvertent Plagiarism
72(1)
Penalties for Plagiarism
73(1)
Discussion Questions
74(1)
Chapter Exercises
74(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
76(1)
Notes
76(3)
5 Basics of Writing and Editing
79(34)
Writing Effectively
79(1)
Principles of Standard Usage
80(7)
1 Use Technically Accurate Language
80(1)
2 Use the Appropriate Level of Formality
80(1)
3 Avoid Grammatical Myths
81(1)
4 Avoid Bulky Sentences
82(1)
5 Make Sure Subjects and Verbs Agree
82(1)
6 Make Sure Nouns and Pronouns Agree
83(1)
7 Place Words Properly
83(1)
8 Be Moderate with Adjectives and Adverbs
84(1)
9 Avoid Empty Phrases
85(1)
10 Keep Elements Parallel
85(1)
11 Keep Punctuation Simple
86(1)
12 Stick with the Stylebook
87(1)
Principles of Simple Language
87(5)
1 Think Before You Write, Then Write Logically
88(1)
2 Write Naturally
88(1)
3 Eliminate Unnecessary Words and Phrases
88(1)
4 Avoid Redundancies
88(1)
5 Prefer Simple Words
89(1)
6 Use Contractions Carefully
89(1)
7 Avoid Creating New Words
89(1)
8 Avoid Foreign Constructions
90(1)
9 Avoid Unwanted Rhyme and Alliteration
90(1)
10 Use Short Sentences
90(1)
11 Vary Sentence Structure
91(1)
12 Prefer Active Voice
91(1)
Principles of Meaningful Language
92(5)
1 Create Word Pictures
92(1)
2 Use Analogies
93(1)
3 Use the Right Word
93(1)
4 Use Precise Descriptions
94(1)
5 Use Strong Verbs
94(1)
6 Replace Cliches with Original Words
94(1)
7 Avoid Journalese
95(1)
8 Rewrite Jargon
95(1)
9 Avoid Loaded Words
95(1)
10 Avoid Pretentious Words and Euphemisms
95(1)
11 Write Honestly
96(1)
Principles of Inclusive Language
97(3)
1 Use Gender-Inclusive Words
97(1)
2 Proper Pronouns with Mixed Groups
97(1)
3 Use Neutral Terms
98(1)
4 Avoid Gender Stereotypes
98(1)
5 Use Parallel Treatment
99(1)
6 Exercise Caution with Race, Religion, and Ethnicity
99(1)
7 Be Sensitive in Describing Age
100(1)
8 Describe Physical Characteristics with Care
100(1)
9 Avoid Using Offensive Quotes
100(1)
Professional Writing Style
100(1)
Discussion Questions
101(1)
Chapter Exercises
101(10)
Suggestions for Further Reading
111(2)
6 Basic News Stories
113(26)
The Inverted Pyramid and Beyond
113(1)
The Flow of the Text: Transition Words
114(1)
Breaking the Text
114(1)
Opportunities for Graphics
115(1)
Three Basic Hard News Stories
115(5)
Questions to Ask
115(2)
Ethical Considerations
117(1)
Avoiding Libel
117(1)
Using "Allegedly," "Reportedly," and "Apparently"
118(1)
What Must Be Included
118(1)
What about a Chronological Narrative?
119(1)
Moving Beyond the Inverted Pyramid
120(1)
Obituaries
120(5)
The Obituary Formula
121(1)
News Judgment in Writing Obituaries
122(2)
Listing Family Survivors
124(1)
Checking Accuracy and Completeness
124(1)
Rewrites
125(4)
Rewriting News Service Stories
126(1)
Recycling the Story for Later or Online
126(1)
Follow-Up Stories
126(1)
Rewriting News Releases
127(1)
More Extensive Rewriting
128(1)
Responsibilities of the Journalist
128(1)
What's Missing?
128(1)
Roundups
129(1)
A Good Training Ground
130(1)
Discussion Questions
131(1)
Chapter Exercises
132(5)
Suggestions for Further Reading
137(2)
7 Interviewing: Gathering Information from People
139(22)
The Importance of Interviewing
139(1)
Characteristics of a Good Interviewer
140(1)
Kinds of Interviews and Subjects
141(1)
Preparing for an Interview
141(4)
Choosing Sources and Subjects
141(1)
Brainstorming and Making Contacts
142(1)
Persuading Reluctant Interview Subjects
143(1)
Requesting the Interview
143(1)
Conducting Additional Research
144(1)
Ground Rules for the Interview
145(1)
Agreeing to Off-the-Record Status
146(1)
Using Technology
147(1)
Writing Interview Questions
147(4)
Types of Questions
148(1)
Broadcast Questions
149(1)
Print Questions
150(1)
Public Relations Questions
150(1)
Electronic Questions
150(1)
Conducting the Interview
151(5)
Being a Good Listener
151(1)
Warming Up the Subject
152(1)
Personal Conduct During the Interview
152(1)
Interviewing in a Professional Manner
152(1)
Establishing Good Communication
153(1)
Asking the Tough Ones
154(1)
Note-Taking
154(2)
Wrapping Up
156(1)
Improving Interviewing Skills
156(1)
Discussion Questions
157(1)
Chapter Exercises
157(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
159(2)
8 Research in Communication
161(26)
Check It Out
161(1)
Research and Analysis
161(2)
The Research Process
162(1)
Criteria for Useful Research
162(1)
News Sources
163(4)
Cultivating Primary Sources
163(1)
Using Reference Materials
164(3)
Computer-Assisted Reporting
167(2)
A Valuable Resource
168(1)
Math and Media Writers
169(6)
Misleading Averages
169(2)
Currency Converter
171(1)
Percentage
172(1)
Percentage Change
172(1)
Correlation, Cause, and Common Sense
173(1)
Number Analogies
173(1)
Per Capita
173(1)
Miscellaneous Math for Journalists
174(1)
Probability
174(1)
Surveys and Formal Statistics
175(1)
Not-So-Random Sampling
175(1)
Surveys and Questionnaires
175(4)
Problems with Survey Methodology
176(1)
Characteristics of Good Surveys
176(1)
Conducting Survey Research
177(1)
Construction of the Questionnaire
178(1)
Guidelines for Writing Survey Response Categories
179(1)
Research and the Challenge of Communication
179(1)
Discussion Questions
180(1)
Chapter Exercises
180(3)
Suggestions for Further Reading
183(4)
9 Using Quotations and Sources in News Stories
187(24)
Weaving Interviews into News Stories
187(1)
What is Quotable?
188(1)
Using Quotations
188(5)
Direct, Partial, and Indirect Quotations
189(1)
Attribution
189(4)
Variety in the Use of Quotations
193(1)
Speech Stories
193(5)
Covering the Entire Event
193(1)
Challenges of Covering Speeches
194(1)
Leads for Speech Stories
195(1)
Using a Quotation as a Lead for a Speech Story
196(1)
Structuring the Speech Story
196(2)
Interview Stories
198(2)
What If the Source Misstates?
199(1)
Writing Interview Stories
199(1)
Question-and-Answer Stories
200(1)
Survey Stories
201(1)
Stories from Official Documents
202(1)
Citing Quotations
202(1)
Ethical Considerations
203(1)
Accurate and Fair Quotations
203(1)
Denials by Interview Subjects
204(1)
A Great Responsibility
204(1)
Discussion Questions
205(1)
Chapter Exercises
205(4)
Suggestions for Further Reading
209(2)
10 Features: Alternative Story Types
211(18)
Defining a "Feature"
211(1)
Characteristics of Features
211(2)
Feature Treatment
213(1)
Feature Leads
213(2)
Types of Feature Stories
215(8)
Narratives
215(1)
Narratives as Part of Inverted Pyramid Stories
216(1)
Personal Narratives
216(1)
Color Stories
217(1)
Human Interest Stories
218(1)
Profiles
219(1)
Brights
220(1)
Backgrounders, Reaction, and Analysis Stories
220(1)
Anniversary Stories
221(1)
How-Tos
222(1)
Labeled Feature Stories
222(1)
Consider the Possibilities
223(1)
Discussion Questions
224(1)
Chapter Exercises
224(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
226(3)
11 Preparing Broadcast Copy
229(20)
News is Often Unexpected
229(1)
Writing Broadcast Copy
229(1)
Condensing Copy
230(3)
Composing "Good-Sounding" Copy
231(1)
Informality and Clarity
232(1)
Readability
232(1)
Writing the Lead
233(1)
Clarity in Broadcast Copy
233(8)
Pronunciation
233(2)
Strong Words
235(1)
Pronouns and Phrasing
235(1)
Simplicity and Economy
236(1)
Transitions
236(1)
Contractions and Abbreviations
237(1)
Overly Informal Language
237(1)
Punctuation
238(1)
Quotations
238(1)
Attribution
239(1)
Avoiding Problems
239(1)
Numbers and Statistics
240(1)
Making Newscasts Interesting
241(1)
News Judgment in Broadcast News
241(2)
News Bulletins
242(1)
Content of the Newscast
243(1)
Print or Broadcast: Which is "Better"?
243(1)
Discussion Questions
244(1)
Chapter Exercises
244(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
246(1)
Note
246(3)
12 Reporting for Radio and Television
249(32)
Inside the Newsroom
249(1)
TV Newsroom Organization and Responsibilities
249(3)
Putting the Pieces Together: The Producer
250(1)
Working Relationships
251(1)
Writing for TV News
252(3)
TV Scripts
252(1)
Writing Style
253(1)
Sound Bites
253(1)
Lead-Ins
254(1)
Teasers
254(1)
Radio News Coverage
255(3)
Radio Reporters
256(1)
Radio Scripts
256(2)
Radio News Releases
258(1)
Copy Preparation
258(1)
A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words
258(4)
Video Logic
259(2)
Shooting Video
261(1)
When Dramatic News Develops
262(2)
Reporting Hard News and Features
264(3)
A Plea for Ethics
267(1)
Don't Stage News Events
267(1)
Don't Ask Someone to Do Something That Otherwise Wouldn't Have Happened
267(1)
Don't Put Anything on the Air That Can't Stand Scrutiny
267(1)
Sports Reporting
267(1)
Weather Reporting
268(2)
Video News Releases
270(1)
Public Affairs Programming
270(1)
Editorials and Commentary
271(1)
Some Final Thoughts about TV News
272(3)
Why "If It Bleeds, It Leads" Isn't Good Journalism
272(3)
Discussion Questions
275(1)
Chapter Exercises
275(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
277(4)
13 Writing and Reporting in the New New Media
281(16)
Welcome to the Social Media Information Age
281(1)
Impact of Technology
281(1)
Writing for Online Newspapers
282(3)
How It's Different
283(1)
Grab the Reader
284(1)
A Survey of the New New Media
285(4)
Blogs
286(1)
Twitter
286(1)
Writing for Twitter
287(1)
MySpace
288(1)
Facebook
288(1)
Writing for the Social Media
289(1)
Other Forms of New New Media
289(1)
"The Hurriered I Go, the Behinder I Get"
290(1)
The End of Agenda Setting?
291(1)
No Signposts on the Information Highway
292(1)
Discussion Questions
293(1)
Chapter Exercises
293(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
294(1)
Notes
295(2)
14 Writing News Releases
297(22)
The Quest for Publicity
297(2)
News Value
297(1)
Finding Newsworthy Information
298(1)
News Release
299(2)
Basic Elements of a News Release
299(2)
Types of News Releases
301(1)
Building a Better News Release
301(2)
Powerful Quotes
301(1)
Local Information
302(1)
News Release Writing Style
303(1)
Keep It Short
303(1)
Use Simple Language
303(1)
Attribute Matters of Opinion
303(1)
Write For, But Not To, the Audience
303(1)
Lead with the News
303(1)
Use Passive Voice When Appropriate
304(1)
Avoid Promotionalism
304(1)
Other Formats for News Coverage
304(4)
News Brief
305(1)
Fact Sheet
306(1)
Feature Release
306(1)
Event Listing
306(1)
Advisory
307(1)
Interview
307(1)
News Conference Statement
308(1)
Writing Opinion Pieces
308(2)
Op-Ed Pieces
308(1)
Letters to the Editor
308(2)
Building an Online Newsroom
310(1)
Winning the Competition for Coverage
311(1)
Discussion Questions
312(1)
Chapter Exercises
312(5)
Suggestions for Further Reading
317(2)
15 Writing for Organizational Media
319(16)
Public Relations
319(2)
Public Relations and Marketing
320(1)
Publics, Markets, and Audiences
321(1)
Planning Sheet
321(3)
Fliers and Brochures
324(3)
Flier Design
325(1)
Brochure Design
325(2)
Newsletters
327(1)
Newsletter Writing Style
327(1)
Online Writing
328(1)
Online Writing Style
328(1)
A Mixed Blessing
329(1)
Discussion Questions
330(1)
Chapter Exercises
331(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
332(3)
16 Advocacy and Speechwriting
335(12)
Persuasive Communication
335(2)
Crafting Logical Arguments
336(1)
Position Statement
337(2)
Writing a Position Statement
338(1)
Speechwriting
339(3)
Learn about the Speaker
340(1)
Know What Needs to Be Said
340(1)
Know the Audience
340(1)
Sketch Out a Plan
341(1)
Research the Topic
341(1)
Outline the Speech
341(1)
Draft the Speech
342(1)
Test the Speech Out Loud
342(1)
Prepare a Clean Script
342(1)
Speechwriting Guidelines
342(2)
Stick to the Topic
342(1)
Write for the Ear
342(1)
Get off to a Good Start
343(1)
Use a Variety of Structural Elements
343(1)
Use Quotations Sparingly
343(1)
Allude to Relevant Events
343(1)
Avoid Cliches and Stereotypes
343(1)
Engage the Audience
343(1)
Discussion Questions
344(1)
Chapter Exercises
344(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
345(2)
17 Advertising Copywriting
347(16)
What is Advertising?
347(2)
Product Advertising
348(1)
Public Relations Advertising
348(1)
Visual Messages
349(1)
Advertising Copy
350(2)
Writing for Print
350(1)
Writing for Broadcast
351(1)
Advertising for Social Media
352(3)
Writing Social Media Advertising
354(1)
Direct-Mail Appeals
355(3)
Writers with Vision
358(1)
Discussion Questions
359(1)
Chapter Exercises
359(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
360(3)
Afterword: Communication, the Future, and You
363(5)
"May You Live in Interesting Times"
363(1)
Careers in Communication
364(2)
Opportunities from New Technology
366(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
366(1)
Note
367(1)
Credits 368(1)
Index 369
W. Richard Whitaker is Professor Emeritus of Journalism and Broadcasting at Buffalo State College (SUNY).









Janet E. Ramsey is Distinguished Service Professor and Dean Emerita at Buffalo State (SUNY).









Ronald D. Smith is Professor of Public Communication and former Chair of the Communication Department at Buffalo State (SUNY).