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E-grāmata: Medicinal Plants in the Asia Pacific for Zoonotic Pandemics, Volume 4: Family Alangiaceae to Araliaceae

(University of Malaysia, Sabah)
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"Medicinal Plants in the Asia Pacific for Zoonotic Pandemics provides an unprecedented, comprehensive overview of the phylogeny, botany, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacology of more than 100 plants used in the traditional medical systems of Asia and Pacific. It discusses their actions and potentials against viruses, bacteria, and fungi that represent a threat of epidemic and pandemic diseases, with an emphasis on the molecular basis and cellular pathways. This book presents scientific names, the botanicalclassification, traditional medicinal uses, active chemical constituents, and pharmacology. This volume is a critical reference for anyone involved in the discovery of lead molecules or phytopharmaceutical products for the prevention or treatment of pandemic viral, bacterial, or fungal infections"--

Viruses and plagues have constantly threatened the survival of humanity since the evolution of modern man. Medical advances thanks to the application of remedial plants have helped to fight back against some of the most nefarious bacterial and viral infections, giving humanity a fighting chance.



Viruses and plagues have constantly threatened the survival of humanity since the evolution of modern man. Medical advances, thanks to the application of remedial plants, have helped to fight back against some of the most nefarious bacterial and viral infections, giving humanity a fighting chance.

This fourth volume in the Medicinal Plants in the Asia Pacific for Zoonotic Pandemics series provides an unprecedented, comprehensive overview of the pharmacological activity of more than 100 medicinal plants used for the treatment of microbial infections in Asia and the Pacific. The text discusses the actions of such plants against viruses and bacteria representing a threat of epidemic and pandemic diseases, including COVID-19, with an emphasis on the molecular basis and cellular pathways. Scientific names, botanical classifications and descriptions, medicinal uses, and chemical constituents are presented, along with chemical structures and a vast selection of bibliographical references.

FEATURES

  • Introduces the molecular mechanism of natural products from medicinal plants in Asia on bacteria and viruses
  • Includes phylogenetic presentations of a selection of medicinal plants and a chemotaxonomical rationale of antiviral and antibacterial actions
    • Discusses the chemical structure–activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of antimicrobial principles
  • This book is a useful research tool for postgraduates, academics, and the pharmaceutical, herbal, and nutrition industries looking forward to developing antiviral and antibacterial agents from medicinal plants in Asia. Medicinal Plants in the Asia Pacific for Zoonotic Pandemics is a critical reference for anyone involved in the discovery of leads for the treatment of pandemic viral, bacterial, and infections.

    "This book will be an important resource for scientists, as well as people passionate about helping to save these critical resources. Perhaps a new drug lead will be identified from at least one of these plants."

    —From the Foreword by Dr. Mark S. Butler, MSBChem Consulting, Brisbane, Australia

    Foreword ix
    Preface xi
    Author xiii
    Chapter 9 Medicinal Plants in Asia-Pacific for Microbial Infections: The Clade Asterids
    1(50)
    9.1 Order Cornales Link (1829)
    1(5)
    9.1.1 Family Alangiaceae A.P. de Candolle (1828)
    1(1)
    9.1.1.1 Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms
    1(2)
    9.1.2 Family Cornaceae Bercht. & I. Presl (1825)
    3(1)
    9.1.2.1 Cornus officinalis Sieb. & Zucc
    4(1)
    9.1.3 Family Hydrangeaceae Dumortier (1829)
    5(1)
    9.1.3.1 Hydrangea heteromalla D. Don
    5(1)
    9.2 Order Ericales Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
    6(45)
    9.2.1 Family Balsaminaceae Berchtold and J. Presl (1820)
    6(1)
    9.2.1.1 Impatiens balsamina L
    7(2)
    9.2.1.2 Impatiens trilobata Colebr
    9(1)
    9.2.2 Family Ebenaceae Giirke (1891)
    9(1)
    9.2.2.1 Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel
    10(8)
    9.2.3 Family Ericaceae A.L. de Jussieu (1789)
    18(1)
    9.2.3.1 Arbutus unedo L
    18(3)
    9.2.3.2 Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull
    21(1)
    9.2.3.3 Pyrola japonica Klenze ex Alef
    22(2)
    9.2.3.4 Vaccinium vitis-idaea L
    24(1)
    9.2.4 Family Lecythidaceae A. Rich. (1825)
    24(1)
    9.2.4.1 Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn
    25(1)
    9.2.4.2 Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng
    26(1)
    9.2.4.3 Careya arborea Roxb
    27(2)
    9.2.4.4 Chydenanthus excelsus Miers
    29(1)
    9.2.4.5 Couroupita guianensis Aubl
    29(2)
    9.2.5 Family Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkhausen (1797)
    31(1)
    9.2.5.1 Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco
    31(1)
    9.2.5.2 Ardisia crispa A. DC
    32(2)
    9.2.5.3 Embelia ribes Burm.f
    34(2)
    9.2.5.4 Labisia pumila (Bl.) F-Vill. & Naves
    36(1)
    9.2.5.5 Myrsine seguinii H. Lev
    36(1)
    9.2.6 Family Sapotaceae A.L. de Jussieu (1789)
    37(1)
    9.2.6.1 Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel
    37(1)
    9.2.6.2 Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen
    38(1)
    9.2.6.3 Mimusops elengi L
    39(1)
    9.2.7 Family Theaceae Mirbel (1816)
    40(1)
    9.2.7.1 Camellia japonica L
    40(2)
    9.2.7.2 Camellia oleifera Abel
    42(1)
    9.2.7.3 Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze
    43(4)
    9.2.7.4 Eurya acuminata DC
    47(1)
    9.2.7.5 Eurya chinensis R. Br
    48(1)
    9.2.7.6 Schima wallichii (DC) Korth
    49(2)
    Chapter 10 Medicinal Plants in Asia-Pacific for Microbial Infections: The Clade Lamiids
    51(142)
    10.1 Order Boraginales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
    51(14)
    10.1.1 Family Boraginaceae A.L de Jussieu (1789)
    51(1)
    10.1.1.1 Alkanna tinctoria Tausch
    51(1)
    10.1.1.2 Anchusa hispida Forssk
    52(1)
    10.1.1.3 Carmona microphylla (Lam.) G. Don
    53(1)
    10.1.1.4 Coldenia procumbens L
    54(1)
    10.1.1.5 Cordia myxa L
    55(1)
    10.1.1.6 Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R. Drumm
    55(1)
    10.1.1.7 Heliotropium indicum L
    56(1)
    10.1.1.8 Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc
    57(2)
    10.1.1.9 Onosma echioides (L.) L
    59(1)
    10.1.1.10 Tournefortia sarmentosa Lam
    60(2)
    10.1.1.11 Trichodesma indicum (L.) Lehm
    62(1)
    10.1.2 Family Icacinaceae Miers (1851)
    63(1)
    10.1.2.1 Gomphandra quadrifida (Bl.) Sleumer
    63(2)
    10.2 Order Garryales Lindley (1833)
    65(2)
    10.2.1 Family Eucommiaceae Engler (1907)
    65(1)
    10.2.1.1 Eucommia ulmoides Oliv
    65(2)
    10.3 Order Gentianales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
    67(48)
    10.3.1 Family Apocynaceae A.L. de Jussieu (1789)
    67(1)
    10.3.1.1 Aganosma dichotoma (Roth) K. Schum
    67(1)
    10.3.1.2 Allamanda cathartica L
    67(2)
    10.3.1.3 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br
    69(2)
    10.3.1.4 Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton
    71(2)
    10.3.1.5 Carissa carandas L
    73(3)
    10.3.1.6 Ervatamia divaricata (L.) Burkill
    76(2)
    10.3.1.7 Holarrhena pubescens Wall, ex G. Don
    78(2)
    10.3.1.8 Hoya parasitica Wall, ex Wight
    80(1)
    10.3.1.9 Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T. Aiton
    80(1)
    10.3.1.10 Nerium oleander L
    81(3)
    10.3.1.11 Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz
    84(2)
    10.3.1.12 Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr
    86(1)
    10.3.2 Family Gentianaceae A.L. de Jussieu (1789)
    87(1)
    10.3.2.1 Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal
    88(1)
    10.3.2.2 Exacum tetragonum Roxb
    89(1)
    10.3.2.3 Fragraea racemosa Jack
    90(1)
    10.3.2.4 Gentiana macrophylla Pallas
    91(2)
    10.3.2.5 Swertia chirayita H. Karst
    93(2)
    10.3.3 Family Loganiaceae R.Br, ex Mart. (1827)
    95(1)
    10.3.3.1 Strychnos nux-vomica L
    95(1)
    10.3.4 Family Rubiaceae A.L. de Jussieu (1789)
    96(1)
    10.3.4.1 Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook. f. ex Brandis
    96(3)
    10.3.4.2 Borreria articularis (L. f.) F.N. Williams
    99(1)
    10.3.4.3 Coptosapelta tomentosa Valeton ex K. Heyne
    100(1)
    10.3.4.4 Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis
    100(2)
    10.3.4.5 Guettarda speciosa L
    102(2)
    10.3.4.6 Hedyotis scandens Roxb
    104(2)
    10.3.4.7 Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb
    106(1)
    10.3.4.8 Ixora nigricans R.Br
    107(2)
    10.3.4.9 Morinda citrifolia L
    109(2)
    10.3.4.10 Mussaenda glabrata Hutch
    111(2)
    10.3.4.11 Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser
    113(1)
    10.3.4.12 Rubia cordifolia L
    114(1)
    10.4 Order Lamiales Bromhead (1838)
    115(64)
    10.4.1 Family Acanthaceae A.L de Jussieu (1789)
    115(1)
    10.4.1.1 Acanthus Uicifolius L
    115(1)
    10.4.1.2 Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall, ex Nees
    116(3)
    10.4.1.3 Barleria longifolia L
    119(2)
    10.4.1.4 Ecbolium linneanum Kurz
    121(1)
    10.4.1.5 Justicia adhatoda L
    122(2)
    10.4.1.6 Ruellia tuberosa L
    124(1)
    10.4.2 Family Bignoniaceae A.L de Jussieu (1789)
    125(1)
    10.4.2.1 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent
    125(6)
    10.4.3 Family Gesneriaceae Richard et A.L. de Jussieu ex A.R de Candolle (1816)
    131(1)
    10.4.3.1 Aeschynanthus longicaulis Wall, ex R. Br
    131(1)
    10.4.3.2 Cyrtandra cupulata Ridl
    131(1)
    10.4.3.3 Cyrtandromoea grandis Ridl
    132(1)
    10.4.3.4 Rhynchotechum ellipticum (Wall, ex D. Dietr.) A. DC
    133(1)
    10.4.4 Family Lamiaceae Martynov (1820)
    134(1)
    10.4.4.1 Ajuga bracteosa Wall
    134(1)
    10.4.4.2 Anisomeles indica (L.) O.K.
    135(2)
    10.4.4.3 Hyptis capitata Jacq
    137(1)
    10.4.4.4 Leonurus sibiricus L
    138(1)
    10.4.4.5 Leucas lavendulifolia Sm
    139(1)
    10.4.4.6 Mentha canadensis L
    140(2)
    10.4.4.7 Ocimum hasilicum L
    142(3)
    10.4.4.8 Salvia plebeia R.Br
    145(7)
    10.4.5 Family Oleaceae Hoffmannsegg et Link (1809)
    152(1)
    10.4.5.1 Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl
    152(2)
    10.4.5.2 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L
    154(1)
    10.4.5.3 Jasminum multiflorum (Burm. f.) Andrews
    155(1)
    10.4.6 Family Orobanchaceae Vent. (1799)
    156(1)
    10.4.6.1 Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Fisch & C.A. Mey
    156(1)
    10.4.7 Family Plantaginaceae A.L. de Jussieu (1789)
    157(1)
    10.4.7.1 Plantago major L
    157(3)
    10.4.8 Family Scrophulariaceae A.L. de Jussieu (1789)
    160(1)
    10.4.8.1 Curanga fel-terrae (Lour.) Merr
    160(1)
    10.4.8.2 Herpestis monnieri (L.) Kunth
    161(2)
    10.4.8.3 Limnophila repens (Benth.) Benth
    163(1)
    10.4.8.4 Lindemia Crustacea (L.) F. Muell
    164(1)
    10.4.8.5 Scoparia dulcis L
    165(2)
    10.4.9 Family Verbenaceae J. Saint-Hilaire (1805)
    167(1)
    10.4.9.1 Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl
    167(2)
    10.4.9.2 Clerodendrum infortunatum L
    169(2)
    10.4.9.3 Duranta repens L
    171(1)
    10.4.9.4 Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm
    171(1)
    10.4.9.5 Lantana camara L
    172(1)
    10.4.9.6 Premna corymbosa Rottler & Willd
    173(3)
    10.4.9.7 Tectona grandis L.F.
    176(1)
    10.4.9.8 VitexnegundoL
    177(2)
    10.5 Order Solanales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
    179(14)
    10.5.1 Family Convolvulaceae A.L. de Jussieu (1789)
    179(1)
    10.5.1.1 Evolvulus alsinoides L
    179(1)
    10.5.1.2 Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam
    180(1)
    10.5.1.3 Merremia peltata (L.) Merr
    181(3)
    10.5.2 Family Solanaceae A.L de Jussieu (1789)
    184(1)
    10.5.2.1 Capsicum frutescens L
    184(2)
    10.5.2.2 Datura metelL
    186(2)
    10.5.2.3 Physalis angulataL
    188(1)
    10.5.2.4 Solarium nigrum L
    189(4)
    Chapter 11 Medicinal Plants in Asia-Pacific for Microbial Infections: The Clade Campanulids
    193(44)
    11.1 Order Asterales Link (1829)
    193(24)
    11.1.1 Family Asteraceae Martynov (1820)
    193(1)
    11.1.1.1 Ageratum conyzoides L
    193(5)
    11.1.1.2 Artemisia vulgaris L
    198(3)
    11.1.1.3 Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk
    201(1)
    11.1.1.4 Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC
    202(1)
    11.1.1.5 Gnaphalium luteoalbum L
    203(1)
    11.1.1.6 Pluchea indica (L.) Less
    204(2)
    11.1.1.7 Spilanthes paniculata Wall, ex DC
    206(1)
    11.1.1.8 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less
    207(5)
    11.1.2 Family Campanulaceae A.L. de Jussieu (1789)
    212(1)
    11.1.2.1 Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC
    212(3)
    11.1.3 Family Goodeniaceae R. Brown (1810)
    215(1)
    11.1.3.1 Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb
    215(1)
    11.1.4 Family Menyanthaceae Dumort (1829)
    216(1)
    11.1.4.1 Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze
    216(1)
    11.2 Order Dipsacales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
    217(3)
    11.2.1 Family Adoxaceae E. Mey (1839)
    217(1)
    11.2.1.1 Viburnum dilatatum Thunb
    217(1)
    11.2.2 Family Caprifoliaceae A.L. de Jussieu (1789)
    218(1)
    11.2.2.1 Lonicera japonica Thunb
    218(2)
    11.3 Order Apiales Nakai (1930)
    220(17)
    11.3.1 Family Apiaceae Lindley (1836)
    220(1)
    11.3.1.1 Angelica dahurica (Fisch.) Benth. & Hook. f
    220(3)
    11.3.1.2 Bupleurum chinense DC
    223(1)
    11.3.1.3 Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson
    224(2)
    11.3.1.4 Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC
    226(1)
    11.3.1.5 Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague
    227(6)
    11.3.2 Family Araliaceae A.L. de Jussieu (1789)
    233(1)
    11.3.2.1 Eleutherococcus nodiflorus (Dunn) S.Y. Hu
    233(2)
    11.3.2.2 Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen ex C.H. Chow
    235(2)
    Bibliography 237(8)
    Index 245
    Christophe Wiart is a French scientist. His fields of expertise are Asian ethnopharmacology, chemotaxonomy and ethnobotany. He has collected, identified and classified several hundred species of medicinal plants from India, Southeast Asia and China. Ethnopharmacology of medicinal plants in Asia Pacific; bioprospection, collection and identification of medicinal botanical samples and phytochemical and pharmacological study for the identification of lead compounds as novel antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant principles from rare plants from the rainforest of Southeast Asia. Dr. Christophe Wiart appeared on HBO's Vice (TV Series) in season 3, episode 6 (episode 28 of the series), titled "The Post-Antibiotic World & Indonesia's Palm Bomb." This episode aired on April 17, 2015. It highlighted the need to find new treatments for infections that were previously treatable with antibiotics, but are now resistant to multiple drugs. "The last hope for the human races survival, I believe, is in the rainforests of tropical Asia", said ethnopharmacologist Dr. Christophe Wiart. "The pharmaceutical wealth of this land is immense".