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E-grāmata: Metagenomics to Bioremediation: Applications, Cutting Edge Tools, and Future Outlook

Edited by , Edited by (Assisatant Professor, Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Haryana, India), Edited by (Associate Professor, Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Eng), Edited by
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Metagenomics to Bioremediation: Applications, Cutting Edge Tools, and Future Outlook provides detailed insight into metagenomics approaches to bioremediation in a comprehensive manner, thus enabling the analysis of microbial behavior at a community level under different environmental stresses during degradation and detoxification of environmental pollutants. The book summarizes each and all aspects of metagenomics applications to bioremediation, helping readers overcome the lack of updated information on advancement in microbial ecology dealing with pollution abatement. Users will find insight not only on the fundamentals of metagenomics and bioremediation, but also on recent trends and future expectations.

This book will appeal to readers from diverse backgrounds in biology, chemistry and life sciences.

Contributors xxv
About the editors xxxii
Acknowledgments xxxvii
SECTION 1 Introduction to bioremediation and metagenomics
Chapter 1 Bioremediation: A green technology for environmental cleanup
3(20)
P.F. Mishel
P.F. Steffi
B. Thirumalaiyammal
Rajeswari Anburaj
1 Introduction
3(1)
2 Agents of bioremediation
4(1)
2.1 Bioremediation by bacteria
4(1)
2.2 Bioremediation by fungus
4(1)
2.3 Bioremediation by algae
4(1)
3 Role of biotechnology in bioremediation
5(1)
4 Microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments
6(3)
4.1 The role of microbes in bioremediation
6(1)
4.2 How microbes destroy contaminants
7(1)
4.3 Pollutants that are biodegradable
7(2)
5 Bacterial degradation
9(2)
5.1 PGPR and PGPB degradation
9(1)
5.2 Microfungi and mycorrhiza degradation
10(1)
5.3 Yeasts degradation
10(1)
6 Degradative capacities of algae and protozoa
11(1)
7 Plant-assisted bioremediation
12(4)
7.1 Mechanism of phytoremediation of contaminated soils
12(4)
8 Mycorrhiza assisted phytoremediation
16(1)
9 Limitations of bioremediation
16(1)
10 Conclusion
16(2)
References
18(3)
Further reading
21(2)
Chapter 2 Recent trends in bioremediation of heavy metals
23(32)
Sirat Sandil
1 Introduction
23(1)
2 Heavy metals: Sources and environmental effects
24(3)
3 Effect of heavy metal toxicity on soil, microorganisms, and plants
27(1)
4 Heavy metals toxicity in human beings
28(3)
5 Bioremediation and its significance
31(13)
5.1 The need for bioremediation: Demerits of conventional remediation methods
31(1)
5.2 What is bioremediation?
32(1)
5.3 Phytoremediation
33(5)
5.4 Bioremediation with algae
38(1)
5.5 Microbial bioremediation
39(5)
6 Metagenomics and its application in bioremediation
44(4)
6.1 Metagenomics methodology
45(1)
6.2 Application of metagenomics for the remediation of different contaminated mediums
46(2)
7 Conclusion
48(1)
References
49(6)
Chapter 3 Recent advances in bioremediation by metagenomics-based approach for pharmaceutical derived pollutants
55(26)
S. Bhuvaneswari
K. Illakiya Bharathi
K. Rajakumari
Vineet Kumar
1 Introduction
55(1)
2 Bioremediation
56(1)
2.1 Bioremediation methods involved in purifying air pollutants
56(1)
2.2 Bioremediation in the removal of water pollutants
57(1)
3 Bioremediation techniques
57(6)
3.1 Ex situ bioremediation technologies
57(4)
3.2 In situ bioremediation techniques
61(2)
4 Pharmaceutical wastes
63(2)
4.1 Different types of pharmaceutical wastes
64(1)
5 Controlled drug wastes
65(2)
5.1 Pharmaceuticals for veterinary use
65(1)
5.2 Agricultural use of pharmaceutical
65(1)
5.3 Sources of pharmaceutical waste products
65(2)
5.4 Veterinary offices
67(1)
6 Regulation of the disposal of pharmaceutical wastes
67(1)
7 Characteristic hazardous wastes
67(1)
8 Remediation methods for pharmaceutical waste
68(8)
8.1 How bioremediation process helps in remediating pharmaceutical wastes?
68(2)
8.2 Bioremediation of pharmaceutical wastes using cow dung/gomeya
70(2)
8.3 Bioremediation of pharmaceuticals and pesticides
72(1)
8.4 Mycoremediation: A process to remediate pharmaceutical wastes
73(2)
8.5 Green approaches
75(1)
9 Conclusion
76(1)
References
76(2)
Further reading
78(3)
Chapter 4 Metagenomics in bioremediation: Recent advances, challenges, and perspectives
81(22)
Aparna Gunjal
Shruti Gupta
Julius Eyiuche Nweze
Justus Amuche Nweze
1 Introduction
81(1)
2 Microorganisms that are important in biosorption
82(1)
3 Omics approach in bioremediation/biosorption
83(1)
4 Application of metagenomics in bioremediation
84(1)
5 Exploring microbial communities using next-generation sequencing
85(2)
5.1 Shotgun sequencing
85(1)
5.2 Sanger sequencing
85(2)
6 Molecular biology approach in bioremediation
87(7)
6.1 16S rRNA and other specific gene approaches
88(1)
6.2 PCR, RT-PCR, and qPCR technologies
88(1)
6.3 Temperature or denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
89(1)
6.4 Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis
90(1)
6.5 Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP)
91(1)
6.6 Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
91(1)
6.7 Applications of DNA microarray technologies
92(1)
6.8 Nucleic acids based stable isotope probing (SIP)
93(1)
6.9 Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)
94(1)
7 Role of transcriptomics and metatranscriptomics in bioremediation
94(1)
8 Conclusion and future direction
95(1)
References
95(6)
Further reading
101(2)
Chapter 5 Metagenomic approaches for understanding microbial communities in contaminated environments: Bioinformatic tools, case studies and future outlook
103(54)
Arghya Mukherjee
Emilio D'Ugo
Roberto Giuseppetti
Fabio Magurano
Paul D. Cotter
1 Introduction
103(1)
2 Sequencing-based study of environmental microbiomes
104(6)
2.1 Metataxonomics or amplicon sequence-based microbiome surveys
105(3)
2.2 Metagenomics
108(1)
2.3 Metatranscriptomics
109(1)
3 Bioinformatic analysis of high-throughput sequencing data
110(20)
3.1 Quality control
111(3)
3.2 16S rRNA data analysis
114(1)
3.3 Metagenomic classification
115(4)
3.4 Metagenomic assembly
119(2)
3.5 Binning and MAGs
121(2)
3.6 Strain level metagenomic analysis
123(1)
3.7 Assembly pipelines
124(1)
3.8 Metatranscriptomic analysis
124(4)
3.9 Integrated metatranscriptomic workflows
128(2)
4 Microbial community structure and processes in contaminated environments
130(12)
4.1 Petroleum hydrocarbons
131(2)
4.2 Acid mine drainage
133(3)
4.3 Radioactive waste
136(2)
4.4 Pesticides and herbicides
138(2)
4.5 Azo dyes
140(1)
4.6 Industrial wastewaters
141(1)
5 Challenges and future outlook
142(1)
6 Conclusions
143(1)
References
144(13)
Chapter 6 Microbial enzymes and their budding roles in bioremediation: Foreseen tool for combating environmental pollution
157(26)
Bintul Huda
Vidisha Bist
Satyam Rastogi
Pradeep Kumar
Poonam C. Singh
Suchi Srivastava
1 Introduction
157(1)
2 Pollutants: The stubborn enemy
158(2)
2.1 Heavy metals
158(1)
2.2 Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
159(1)
2.3 Petroleum products
160(1)
2.4 Radioactive isotopes
160(1)
3 Bioremediation
160(4)
3.1 Classification of bioremediation
161(1)
3.2 Types of bioremediation
161(3)
4 Microbial enzymes in bioremediation
164(10)
4.1 Oxidoreductases
165(5)
4.2 Hydrolases
170(4)
5 Molecular advancements in bioremediation
174(4)
5.1 Genetic engineering
175(1)
5.2 Enzyme engineering
176(1)
5.3 Enzyme immobilization
177(1)
5.4 Nanozymes
178(1)
6 Conclusion and future prospects
178(1)
Acknowledgments
179(1)
References
179(4)
Chapter 7 Interface of `meta-omics' in gut biome remediation to unravel the complications of environmental pollutants
183(26)
Arockiya Anita Margret
S. Aishwarya
A. Arun
R. Jasmine
1 Introduction
183(1)
2 Environmental pollution---A rising social menace
183(2)
3 Crucial transformations of pollutants as toxicants
185(1)
4 Intrusions into the human system as various ailments
186(1)
5 Beneficial microbial ecosystems---Overview
187(1)
6 Gut biome as potential bio remediators to transformer toxicants
188(1)
7 Biosorption of toxicants in the human body---The interplay of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiotas
188(1)
8 Vital microbial metabolites and their mechanism in bioremediation targeting various environmental pollutants
189(1)
9 The metabolization of gut microbiota on various environmental chemicals
190(3)
9.1 Heavy metals
191(1)
9.2 Pesticides
192(1)
9.3 Plastics
192(1)
10 Meta-omics, the tool to bridge host-microbe interactions
193(4)
10.1 Metagenomics
193(2)
10.2 Metatranscriptomics
195(1)
10.3 Metaproteomics
196(1)
10.4 Metabolomics
196(1)
11 Metabolic modeling
197(1)
12 Computational approaches to investigate the microbiome
197(3)
13 Applications of GEM in gut bioremediation
200(1)
14 Conclusion
201(1)
References
201(8)
SECTION 2 Bioremediation and metagenomics in environmental remediation
Chapter 8 Bioremediation: A favorable perspective to eliminate heavy metals from polluted soil
209(22)
Sukhchain Kaur
Tushar Midha
Harkomal Verma
Rasmi Ranjan Muduli
Oyindril Dutta
Omprakash Saini
Richa Prakash
Sandeep Sharma
Anil K. Mantha
Monisha Dhiman
1 Heavy metal pollution and bioremediation
209(2)
2 Types of bioremediation
211(1)
3 Importance and applications of bioremediation
212(1)
4 Heavy metals in soil pollution
213(1)
5 Bioremediation of heavy metals
214(11)
5.1 Bacterial bioremediation of cadmium (Cd)
214(1)
5.2 Fungal bioremediation of cadmium
215(1)
5.3 Phytoremediation of cadmium
216(1)
5.4 Bacterial bioremediation of mercury (Hg)
217(1)
5.5 Fungal bioremediation of mercury
218(1)
5.6 Phytoremediation of mercury
218(2)
5.7 Bacterial bioremediation of lead (Pb)
220(1)
5.8 Fungal bioremediation of lead
220(1)
5.9 Phytoremediation of lead
220(1)
5.10 Chromium (Cr)
221(2)
5.11 Bioremediation of arsenic (As)
223(2)
6 Conclusion
225(1)
References
226(5)
Chapter 9 Metagenomics in bioremediation of metals for environmental cleanup
231(30)
Ruwani L. Wimalasekara
Kapila N. Seneviratne
Nimanthi Jayathilaka
1 Introduction
231(1)
2 Metals and metal toxicity
232(1)
3 Metal pollution
233(2)
3.1 Sources of metal pollution
233(1)
3.2 Challenges of environmental cleanup of metal pollution
234(1)
4 Bioremediation of metals
235(5)
4.1 Microbial adaptations exploited in metal bioremediation
236(2)
4.2 Methods for bioremediation of metals
238(2)
5 Metagenomics for microbiome analysis
240(6)
5.1 Metagenomes of a healthy environment
241(1)
5.2 Metagenome of metal pollution
242(2)
5.3 Implications of the metagenome in bioremediation of metal
244(2)
6 Environmental sampling for metagenome analysis
246(2)
7 Sequencing technologies for metagenome analysis
248(8)
7.1 Second-generation sequencing
248(1)
7.2 Third-generation sequencing
249(1)
7.3 Targeted gene sequencing
250(1)
7.4 Shot gun metagenomics
251(4)
7.5 Technologies for functional and pathway analysis
255(1)
References
256(5)
Chapter 10 Microbial community and their role in bioremediation of polluted e-waste sites
261(24)
Satarupa Dey
Mahipal S. Shekhawat
Devendra Kumar Pandey
Mimosa Ghorai
Uttpal Anand
Muddasarul Hoda
Sayan Bhattacharya
Rahul Bhattacharjee
Arabinda Ghosh
Potshangbam Nongdam
Vineet Kumar
Abhijit Dey
1 Introduction
261(2)
2 E-waste the current scenario
263(2)
3 Microbes thriving in E-waste contaminated site
265(4)
3.1 Culture independent study
265(3)
3.2 Culture dependent study
268(1)
4 Bioremediation of E-waste
269(6)
4.1 Bioleaching
269(3)
4.2 Biosorption
272(1)
4.3 Bioreduction of metals
273(1)
4.4 Biomineralization
274(1)
4.5 Bioremediation of organic pollutants of E-waste
274(1)
5 Challenges and future opportunities
275(1)
6 Conclusion
276(1)
References
276(9)
Chapter 11 Metagenomic analysis of wastewater for water quality assessment
285(26)
W.M.T.D.N. Weerakoon
Kapila N. Seneviratne
Nimanthi Jayathilaka
1 Introduction
285(1)
2 Natural microbiome of water
286(1)
3 Metagenomic analysis of wastewater
286(3)
3.1 The metagenome analysis of residential wastewater for bioremediation
287(1)
3.2 Metagenome analysis of agricultural wastewater for bioremediation
287(1)
3.3 Metagenome analysis of industrial wastewater for bioremediation
288(1)
3.4 Metagenome analysis of hospital effluent for bioremediation
289(1)
4 Impact of wastewater treatment on microbial composition
289(1)
5 Molecular techniques for analysis of microbial communities in wastewater
290(5)
5.1 Fingerprint techniques for metagenomic analysis of wastewater
291(2)
5.2 Hybridizing techniques for microbial detection
293(2)
6 Metagenomic approaches for wastewater analysis and bioremediation of wastewater
295(8)
6.1 Wastewater sampling for metagenome analysis
295(1)
6.2 Tools for metagenomic analysis of wastewater and bioremediation of wastewater
296(7)
7 Antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater
303(2)
8 Metagenomic analysis to assess metabolic pathways in bioremediation
305(1)
9 Limitations of metagenomics in wastewater treatments
305(1)
References
306(5)
Chapter 12 The proteome mapping---Metabolic modeling, and functional elucidation of the microbiome in the remediation of dyes and treating industrial effluents
311(18)
S. Aishwarya
S. Rajalakshmi
K. Veena Gayathri
1 Introduction
311(1)
2 Elucidation of the microbiome in situ
312(3)
2.1 Metaproteomics---The near future
312(1)
2.2 Proteogenomics---The difference and significance
313(2)
3 Computational efficacy in metaproteomic studies
315(5)
4 Metabolic engineering and microbial ecology
320(1)
5 Present and future of microbiome research
320(5)
5.1 Wastewater treatment and activated sludge
321(1)
5.2 Acid mine drainage (AMD)
322(1)
5.3 Dye remediation
323(1)
5.4 Environmental stress response
323(1)
5.5 Bioremediation of environmental xenobiotics and industrial effluents
324(1)
6 Challenges of metaproteomics and future prospects
325(1)
References
325(4)
Chapter 13 Wastewater treatment processes and microbial community
329(28)
Rasha Darra
Maryam Bin Hammad
Fatma Alshamsi
Shatha Alhammadi
Waad Al-Ali
Ahmed Aidan
Muhammad Tawalbeh
Neda Halalsheh
Amani Al-Othman
1 Introduction
329(2)
1.1 What is wastewater?
329(1)
1.2 Types of wastewater
330(1)
1.3 Harmful effects of wastewater
330(1)
2 Wastewater treatment processes
331(22)
2.1 Physical wastewater treatment
331(6)
2.2 Chemical wastewater treatment
337(5)
2.3 Biological treatment
342(6)
2.4 Non-conventional microbial wastewater treatment
348(5)
3 Conclusions
353(1)
References
353(4)
Chapter 14 Water quality and wastewater treatment for human health and environmental safety
357(22)
W.M.T.D.N. Weerakoon
Nimanthi Jayathilaka
Kapila N. Seneviratne
1 Introduction
357(1)
2 Industrial wastewater
357(1)
3 Domestic wastewater
358(1)
4 Agricultural wastewater
358(1)
5 Environmental and health impact of wastewater discharge into water resources
358(1)
6 Parameters to assess water quality
359(3)
6.1 Chemical parameter
360(1)
6.2 Physical parameters
361(1)
6.3 Microbiological parameters
361(1)
7 Wastewater treatment techniques
362(4)
7.1 Primary stage
363(1)
7.2 Secondary stage
364(1)
7.3 Tertiary stage
365(1)
8 Different processes in wastewater treatment
366(2)
8.1 Physical processes in wastewater treatment
366(1)
8.2 Chemical processes in wastewater treatment
366(1)
8.3 Biological processes in wastewater treatment
367(1)
8.4 Physicochemical treatment of wastewater
367(1)
9 New trends in wastewater treatment
368(4)
9.1 Nanotechnology in wastewater treatment
368(1)
9.2 Advances in biofilm technology
369(1)
9.3 Aerobic granulation technology
370(1)
9.4 Microbial fuel cell technology
371(1)
10 New trends in wastewater treatment
372(3)
10.1 Satellite system for wastewater treatment
373(1)
10.2 Use of computational fluid dynamics in wastewater treatment
374(1)
10.3 Computational artificial intelligence in wastewater treatment
374(1)
10.4 Geographical information system and satellite technology for wastewater treatment
375(1)
References
375(4)
Chapter 15 Bioremediation of petrochemical sludge from soils
379(24)
Dana Al-Muqbel
Marwan Otifi
Rana Aly
Rasha Darra
Amani Al-Othman
Muhammad Tawalbeh
Neda Halalsheh
1 Introduction
379(1)
2 Characteristic properties of petroleum pollutants & toxicity of oil-polluted soil
380(3)
3 Remediation processes of petroleum-polluted soil
383(3)
4 Bioremediation technologies
386(11)
4.1 Bioaugmentation
386(5)
4.2 Biostimulation
391(3)
4.3 Integrated methods
394(3)
5 Conclusions and perspectives
397(3)
References
400(3)
Chapter 16 Bioremediation of nuclear waste effluent using different communities of microbes
403(42)
Himalanathan Sundar
Shree Padmini
Parthiban Brindha Devi
1 Introduction
403(2)
2 Bioremediation
405(2)
3 Metagenomics in bioremediation
407(1)
4 Overview of radionucleotides
408(2)
4.1 Importance of radionuclides
408(1)
4.2 Importance of radioactivity by radionuclides
409(1)
5 Importance of microbial bioremediation
410(6)
5.1 Clay-based buffer for microorganisms
411(1)
5.2 Sulfate reducing bacteria in bioremediation
411(1)
5.3 Conventional methods of bioremediation
412(4)
6 Radioactive elements
416(2)
6.1 Uranium
416(1)
6.2 Neptunium
416(1)
6.3 Plutonium
417(1)
6.4 Americium
417(1)
6.5 Technetium
417(1)
6.6 Cesium
418(1)
6.7 Strontium
418(1)
7 Radionucleotides sources
418(8)
7.1 Naturally occurring radioactive material
419(1)
7.2 Nuclear fuel cycle
419(1)
7.3 Medical source
419(1)
7.4 Industrial waste
420(1)
7.5 Levels of nuclear waste from power plants
420(1)
7.6 Low-level radioactive waste
420(1)
7.7 Disposal method for LLW
420(1)
7.8 Intermediate level radioactive waste
421(1)
7.9 Disposal method for ILW
422(1)
7.10 High-level radioactive waste
423(1)
7.11 Disposal method for HLW
424(2)
8 Effects of radionucleotides
426(13)
8.1 Biofilms
427(3)
8.2 Bacterium interactions with radionucleotides
430(9)
9 Conclusion
439(2)
References
441(2)
Further reading
443(2)
Chapter 17 Metagenomics of contaminated wetland sediment in a tropical region
445(10)
Vivek Rana
Sneha Bandyopadhyay
Subodh Kumar Maiti
1 Introduction
445(1)
2 Application of "omics" in natural/constructed wetlands
446(1)
3 Metagenomic study in natural wetlands of Indian tropical region
447(2)
4 Bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of wetland plant T. latifolia L.
449(2)
5 Conclusion
451(1)
References
452(2)
Further reading
454(1)
Chapter 18 Hydrocarbons and environmental pollution: Metagenomics application as a key tool for bioremediation
455(22)
Vanderlei S. dos Santos
Ivanete F. de Souza
Edson P. Silva
Ingrid R. da Silva
Flavio A. de Freitas
1 Introduction
455(3)
2 Hydrocarbons and their problems
458(5)
2.1 Aliphatic and monoaromatic hydrocarbons
459(2)
2.2 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
461(2)
3 Application of microorganisms in bioremediation
463(3)
4 Metagenomics
466(3)
5 Conclusions
469(1)
References
470(7)
Chapter 19 A complete review on anaerobes and nanoparticles in wastewater treatment
477(36)
Ramesh Rithik Roshan
S. Thanigai Velan
Parthiban Brindha Devi
1 Introduction
477(1)
2 Biological wastewater treatment methods
478(5)
2.1 Anaerobic digestion (AD) method
478(1)
2.2 Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB technology)
478(1)
2.3 Anaerobic fluidized bed reactor
479(1)
2.4 Fixed film reactor
480(2)
2.5 Constraints of large-scale AD adaptation
482(1)
2.6 AD's future application prospects
482(1)
2.7 Inhibiting factors of AD
483(1)
2.8 Effect of temperature
483(1)
2.9 Effect of pH and nutrients
483(1)
3 Bacterial communities involved in WWT
483(8)
3.1 Conforms (e.g., Escherichia coli)
484(1)
3.2 Cyanobacteria (e.g., Oscillatoria)
484(1)
3.3 Acetogenic bacteria (e.g., Acetobacter)
485(1)
3.4 Nitrogen removal
485(5)
3.5 Microbial genomics in wastewater
490(1)
4 Bio-augmentation
491(4)
4.1 Septage in bioremediation
492(1)
4.2 Methods available for the disposal of Septage
493(1)
4.3 Significant components in domestic wastewater and septage
494(1)
5 Membrane bio-engineering
495(2)
5.1 Membrane technology implications
495(2)
6 Environmental ramifications of anaerobic (bio) sewage treatment
497(1)
6.1 Climate resilience
497(1)
6.2 Water protection
497(1)
6.3 Resource conservation
498(1)
7 Nanoparticle's technology
498(9)
7.1 Metal nanoparticles
499(4)
7.2 Nanoflowers
503(4)
8 Conclusion
507(1)
References
507(6)
SECTION 3 Plant microbes association in environmetal remediation
Chapter 20 Metagenomic approach role of psychrotrophic and psychrophilic microbes in bioremediation
513(24)
Edwin Hualpa-Cutipa
Richard Andi Solorzano Acosta
Olenka Jazmin Matta Cariga
Maryori Alexandra Espinoza-Medina
Diana Carolina Chavez-Rojas
Daniela Medina-Cerna
Luzvi Centeno-Merino
Gerardo Vasquez-Condori
Cristian Enrique Revollar-Panaifo
Maria Hansen-Reyes
Imanol Salazar-Quinonez
1 Introduction
513(2)
2 Metagenomics of psychrotrophic microorganisms
515(1)
3 Metagenomics of psychrophilic microorganisms
516(1)
4 Bioremediation using psychrotrophic and psychrophilic microorganisms
517(2)
5 Psychrotrophic and psychrophilic species of microorganisms used in bioremediation
519(1)
6 Metagenomics in bioremediation using psychrotrophic and psychrophilic microorganisms
519(8)
7 Metagenomic approach to hydrocarbon bioremediation (in aquatic environments) by psychrotrophic and psychrophilic microorganisms
527(1)
8 Drawbacks and future challenges of metagenomics of psychrophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms
528(3)
References
531(6)
Chapter 21 Nano- and phytoremediation technique for textile wastewater treatment and successive production of fertilizers
537(24)
Om Prakash
Shilpi Maurya
Purusottam Tripathy
Abhishek Sharma
Ritesh Vijay
Sukdeb Pal
1 Introduction
537(1)
2 Textile dyes characteristics
538(1)
3 Textile dyes classification
539(1)
4 Influence of textile wastewater on environment
540(2)
5 Potential pollutants in textile wastewater
542(2)
5.1 Dyes
542(1)
5.2 Dissolved solids
543(1)
5.3 Suspended solids
543(1)
5.4 Heavy metals
544(1)
6 Environmental and health impacts of textile wastewaters
544(1)
7 Bio-remediation techniques
545(1)
7.1 Pure cultures
545(1)
8 Nano-remediation
546(1)
9 Phyto-remediation
547(1)
10 Synergistic strategies for degradation of textile dyes and effluents
548(1)
11 Reactor development and constructed wetland strategies for phytoremediation of textile dyes and effluents
549(1)
12 Plant mechanisms for treatment of textile dyes and effluents
550(1)
12.1 Adsorptive degradation of dyes
550(1)
13 Factors affecting phytoremediation
551(2)
13.1 Plant's growth form
552(1)
13.2 Dye concentration and hydraulics
552(1)
13.3 Oxygen, water, and nutrient availability
552(1)
13.4 Temperature
553(1)
13.5 Solar energy and radiations
553(1)
14 Conclusion and futuristic approach
553(1)
Acknowledgments
554(1)
References
554(7)
Chapter 22 Plant-microbes association: Psychrophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms associated with plants and their potential environmental services
561(16)
Edwin Hualpa-Cutipa
Richard Andi Solorzano Acosta
Gianfranco Talavera Gutierrez
Olenka Jazmin Matta Cariga
Maryori Alexandra Espinoza-Medina
Gerardo Vasquez-Condori
Cristian Enrique RevolIar-Panaifo
1 Introduction
561(2)
2 Plant-psychrotrophic microorganism interactions
563(1)
3 Plant-psychrophilic microorganism interactions
564(1)
4 Environmental services of psychrotrophic and psychrophilic bacteria associated with plants
565(6)
4.1 Biodegradation of contaminant compounds in cold climates
566(1)
4.2 Bioinoculants to stimulate plant growth in cold climates
567(1)
4.3 Bioinoculants that improve plant tolerance to low temperatures
568(1)
4.4 Agents for biodegradation of agricultural residues at low temperatures
568(3)
References
571(6)
Chapter 23 Metal-organic frameworks-based emerging platforms for recognition and monitoring of environmentally hazardous organic contaminants
577(64)
Komal Rizwan
Muhammad Bilal
1 Introduction
577(1)
2 Potential applications of electrochemical sensors based on MOF for the sensing of organic pollutants
578(11)
2.1 Detection of pesticides through MOF based sensors
578(5)
2.2 Detection of antibiotics through MOF-based electrochemical sensors
583(2)
2.3 Detection of phenolic compounds through MOF-based electrochemical sensors
585(4)
3 Conclusion and future prospects
589(1)
References
589(52)
Chapter 26 Immobilized enzyme reactors for bioremediation
641(18)
Sreemoyee SenSharma
Ghanshyam Kumar
Angaria Sarkar
1 Introduction
641(2)
2 Types of enzymes
643(3)
3 Enzyme immobilization techniques
646(2)
4 Immobilized enzyme reactors---recent advancements
648(3)
5 Pros and cons of immobilized enzyme reactors
651(1)
6 Immobilized enzyme reactor for wastewater treatment
651(3)
7 Future perspectives
654(1)
Acknowledgment
654(1)
References
654(5)
Chapter 27 Biochar processing for green and sustainable remediation: Wastewater treatment, bioenergy, and future perspective
659(26)
Purusottam Tripathy
Om Prakash
Abhishek Sharma
Varun Shukla
Rita S. Dhodapkar
Sukdeb Pal
1 Introduction
659(2)
2 Biomass conversion techniques
661(3)
2.1 Combustion
661(1)
2.2 Gasification
662(1)
2.3 Pyrolysis
662(2)
3 Effects of process parameters on biochar yield
664(3)
3.1 pH
664(1)
3.2 Effect of temperature
664(1)
3.3 Residence time
665(1)
3.4 Effect of particle size
665(1)
3.5 Effect of biomass composition
666(1)
4 Adsorption mechanism for aqueous contaminant removal
667(4)
4.1 Organic pollutants
667(1)
4.2 Heavy metals
667(4)
4.3 Nitrogen and phosphorous removal
671(1)
5 Application in wastewater treatment
671(4)
5.1 Industrial wastewater treatment
672(1)
5.2 Municipal wastewater treatment
673(1)
5.3 Agricultural wastewater treatment
673(1)
5.4 Storm water treatment
674(1)
6 Bioenergy production
675(2)
6.1 Biodiesel production
676(1)
6.2 Catalytic esterification
676(1)
7 Future perspective: Concept of nano-biochar
677(1)
Acknowledgments
678(1)
References
679(6)
Chapter 28 High-throughput sequencing technologies in metagenomics
685(24)
Kanika Vasudeva
Prabhsimran Kaur
Anjana Munshi
1 Introduction
685(1)
2 Current high throughput sequencing technology
686(1)
3 Various commercially available second-generation platforms for metagenomic studies
687(2)
3.1 Illumina platforms
687(1)
3.2 BGI sequencing platform
688(1)
3.3 Thermo fisher ion torrent platform
688(1)
4 Various commercially available third-generation platforms for metagenomic research
689(2)
4.1 PacBio's platform
689(1)
4.2 Oxford nanopore technologies
689(1)
4.3 Sample processing and library preparation
690(1)
5 Data analysis
691(3)
5.1 Raw data
691(1)
5.2 Clean data
692(1)
5.3 Human host subtraction
692(1)
5.4 Reference databases
693(1)
5.5 Taxonomic classification
693(1)
5.6 Report
693(1)
6 Challenges and future directions
694(2)
6.1 Human host background
694(1)
6.2 Intracellular bacteria and fungi
694(1)
6.3 RNA instability in the process
694(1)
6.4 Biological information analysis: Optimization of microbial databases and virus classification
695(1)
6.5 Interpretation
695(1)
6.6 Flaws in mNGS as compared to conventional approaches for microbe detection
695(1)
7 Applications
696(7)
7.1 Identification of antibiotic resistance genes
696(1)
7.2 Characterization of the human microbiome
697(1)
7.3 Gut microbiome dysbiosis and phenotype
698(1)
7.4 Categorization of microbiome under specific conditions
699(1)
7.5 Investigation of human host responses
700(1)
7.6 Infectious disease diagnosis
700(3)
8 Conclusion
703(1)
References
704(5)
Chapter 29 Genetically engineered microbes for bioremediation and phytoremediation of contaminated environment
709(14)
D. Arunraja
S. Ivo Romauld
Parthiban Brindha Devi
S. Thiruvengadam
Vineet Kumar
1 Introduction
709(11)
1.1 Bioremediation mechanisms using genetically modified microbes
710(1)
1.2 Genetically modified microbes for bioremediation
711(1)
1.3 Bioremediation of heavy metals
711(4)
1.4 Bioremediation of oil spill
715(3)
1.5 Phytoremediation using genetically modified plants
718(1)
1.6 Advantages of genetically engineered microorganisms in bioremediation
719(1)
2 Conclusion
720(1)
References
720(3)
Chapter 30 Proteomics monitoring of microbes in contaminated environments
723(14)
S. Santhiyasri
S. Ivo Romauld
P. Vivek
S. Thiruvengadam
1 Introduction
723(1)
2 Techniques for metaproteomic studies
724(3)
3 Fundamental developments of MS-based proteomics
727(1)
4 Microbial community proteomics in different environments
727(4)
4.1 Marine and freshwater metaproteomics
727(2)
4.2 Soil metaproteomics
729(1)
4.3 Wastewater and activated sludge metaproteomics
730(1)
4.4 Acid mine drainage (AMD) biofilm metaproteomics
731(1)
5 Challenges
731(1)
6 Perspectives
732(1)
7 Conclusion
733(1)
References
734(3)
Chapter 31 Development of biosensors for application in industrial biotechnology
737(18)
Avijit Chakraborty
Shreyan Bardhan
Sudip Das
Banani Ray Chowdhury
1 Introduction
737(2)
2 Development of biosensor
739(4)
2.1 Biological receptor
741(1)
2.2 Transducer
742(1)
2.3 Working principle of biosensor
742(1)
3 Application of biosensors in industrial biotechnology
743(5)
3.1 Biosensor in food industry
743(1)
3.2 Biosensors in cancer research
744(1)
3.3 Smart packaging by biosensors
744(1)
3.4 Role of biosensors in tissue engineering and its applications
744(2)
3.5 Environmental application of biosensors
746(2)
4 Latest advancement in biosensors
748(1)
5 Conclusion
749(1)
References
750(5)
Chapter 32 Microbial enzymes: Versatile tools for pollution abatement
755(22)
Prabhjot Kaur
Amarjit Singh
Jitender Sharma
1 Introduction
755(1)
2 Global scenario of pollution generation and possible remediation
756(3)
2.1 Major pollutants
757(1)
2.2 Remediation strategies: Multi-omics approach
758(1)
3 Microbial enzymes and their coding genes: Multi-omics in bioremediation of major pollutants
759(12)
3.1 Industrial pollutants
761(7)
3.2 Agricultural pollutants
768(2)
3.3 Plastic pollutants
770(1)
3.4 Other pollutants
770(1)
4 Enzyme-based smart technologies
771(2)
4.1 Biosensors
772(1)
4.2 Nanozymes
772(1)
5 Future prospects and conclusion
773(1)
Acknowledgment
773(1)
References
773(3)
Further reading
776(1)
Index 777
Vineet Kumar is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Botany at Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (GGV), Bilaspur, India and teaches Environmental Microbiology and Cell and Molecular Biology at the same Institution. Before his joining, he worked as Assistant Professor and Academic Coordinator at the Vinayak Vidyapeeth, Meerut, India. Kumar received M.Sc. and M.Phil. degree in Microbiology from Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India. He earned his Ph.D. in Environmental Microbiology from Babasaheb Bhimaro Ambedkar (A Central) University, Lucknow, India and later worked at the Dr. Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University, Lucknow, India as a Guest Faculty. He was a Senior Researcher in the School of Environmental Sciences at Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India and worked on biodiesel production from oleaginous microbes and industrial sludge. He awarded a Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship by the University Grants Commission, India to support his doctoral work on Distillery Wastewater Treatment” in 2012. His research interests include Bioremediation, Phytoremediation, Metagenomics, Wastewater Treatment, Environmental Monitoring, and Bioenergy and Biofuel Production. Currently, his research mainly focuses on the development of integrated and sustainable methods that can help in minimizing or eliminating hazardous substances in the environment. He is the author of numerous research/review articles published in international peer-reviewed journals from Springer Nature, Frontiers, and Elsevier on the different aspects of bioremediation, phytoremediation, and metagenomics of industrial waste polluted sites. In addition, he has published 10 Books on Phytoremediation and Bioremediation from CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group), and Elsevier Inc., USA. His recently published books are Recent Advances in Distillery Waste Management for Environmental Safety (From CRC Press; Taylor & Francis Group, USA), and New Trends In Removal Of Heavy Metals From Industrial Wastewater (From Elsevier Inc. USA), Microbe-Assisted Phytoremediation of Environmental Pollutants: Recent Advances and Challenges (from CRC Press; Taylor & Francis Group, USA). He is also a reviewer for many other international journals. He is an active member of numerous scientific societies and has served on the editorial board of the journal Current Research in Wastewater Management. As part of his interest in teaching biology, he is founder of the Society for Green Environment, India (website: www.sgeindia.org). He can be reached at drvineet.micro@gmail.com; vineet.way18@gmail.com. Muhammad Bilal is working as an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland. Previously, he served as an assistant/associate Professor at Poznan University of Technology, Poland, and the School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China. He earned his Ph.D. from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, specializing in bioengineering and applied biotechnology. His main research activities are oriented to Environmental biotechnology, nanotechnology, enzyme engineering, immobilization, chemical modifications, and industrial applications of microbial enzymes, liquid, and solid waste management. He has authored over 700 peer-reviewed articles, 150 book chapters, 25 edited books. Dr. Bilal is the associate editor of Frontiers in Chemical Engineering and Frontiers in Environmental Science (Frontiers), and an editorial board member for several journals. He was listed as a highly cited researcher (Clarivate) in 2021 and holds several "highly cited papers" in WOS. He has obtained his Ph.D. in 1998 from Allahabad University, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. He has experience of 25 years in teaching and research Environmental Microbial Technology, Nano-biotechnology, herbal technology, herbal antimicrobials, and IPR. He has published more than 60 original research and review articles and 10 book chapters in various reputed national and international journals. He has been awarded a Fellow of various national level scientific societies viz., Indian Botanical Society, Indian Phytopathological Society, Indian Society of Plant Pathologist, International Young Scientist Association. He obtained Patents on some herbal product for the control of fungal disease in humans from USA, UK, Japan, and India: Presently he is trying to develop some eco-friendly technology as microbial-based fuel-cells, biodegradable polythene, and bioremediation of toxic pollutant from the environment. Prof. Vinod Kumar Garg is presently working as Professor at the Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India. Previously, he has worked at Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology and CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India, in different capacities. He is an active member of various scientific societies and organizations including, Biotech Research Society of India, Indian Nuclear Society etc. He was elected Fellow of Biotech Research Society of India in 2011. He has completed several research projects funded by various funding agencies. He was awarded Thomson Reuters Research Excellence India Citation Awards 2012”.