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E-grāmata: Metallurgy and Design of Alloys with Hierarchical Microstructures

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(Adjunct Instructor, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, USA), (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA)
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Jun-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128120255
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Metallurgy and Design of Alloys with Hierarchical MicrostructuresPalielināt
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Jun-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128120255
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Metallurgy and Design of Alloys with Hierarchical Microstructures covers the fundamentals of processing-microstructure-property relationships and how multiple properties are balanced and optimized in materials with hierarchical microstructures widely used in critical applications. The discussion is based principally on metallic materials used in aircraft structures; however, because they have sufficiently diverse microstructures, the underlying principles can easily be extended to other materials systems. With the increasing microstructural complexity of structural materials, it is important for students, academic researchers and practicing engineers to possess the knowledge of how materials are optimized and how they will behave in service.

The book integrates aspects of computational materials science, physical metallurgy, alloy design, process design, and structure-properties relationships, in a manner not done before. It fills a knowledge gap in the interrelationships of multiple microstructural and deformation mechanisms by applying the concepts and tools of designing microstructures for achieving combinations of engineering properties-such as strength, corrosion resistance, durability and damage tolerance in multi-component materials-used for critical structural applications.

  • Discusses the science behind the properties and performance of advanced metallic materials
  • Provides for the efficient design of materials and processes to satisfy targeted performance in materials and structures
  • Enables the selection and development of new alloys for specific applications based upon evaluation of their microstructure as illustrated in this work

Papildus informācija

Provides a fundamental description of processing-microstructure-property relationships and how multiple properties are optimized in structural materials with hierarchical microstructures
Preface xi
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(20)
Synopsis
1(1)
1.1 Structural Materials Evolution and Applications
2(3)
1.2 Structural Materials Properties and Selection
5(1)
1.3 Microstructures and Microstructural Hierarchy
6(3)
1.4 Hierarchical Microstructures and Properties of Engineering Alloys
9(3)
1.5 Alloy Design for Material Properties
12(3)
1.6 Alloy Design for Material Manufacturability
15(2)
1.7 Summary
17(1)
1.8 Organization of the Book
18(3)
References
19(2)
Chapter 2 Modeling of Processing-Microstructure-Properties Relationships
21(22)
Synopsis
22(1)
2.1 Properties of Structural Materials
22(2)
2.1.1 Physical Properties
22(1)
2.1.2 Mechanical Properties
22(1)
2.1.3 Electrochemical Properties
23(1)
2.2 Microstructure---Properties Relationships
24(10)
2.2.1 Microstructural Features
24(1)
2.2.2 Strength
24(3)
2.2.3 Fracture Toughness
27(2)
2.2.4 Fatigue Properties
29(3)
2.2.5 Corrosion Resistance
32(2)
2.2.6 Effects of Anisotropy of Microstructural Features
34(1)
2.3 Modeling of Microstructure---Property Relationships
34(3)
2.3.1 Strength
35(1)
2.3.2 Fracture Toughness
35(1)
2.3.3 Fatigue
36(1)
2.3.4 Corrosion
36(1)
2.4 Modeling of Processing and Its Effects on Microstructure
37(1)
2.5 Implications for Alloy and Process Design
38(1)
2.6 Summary
39(4)
References
39(4)
Chapter 3 Alloy Design Approaches
43(14)
Synopsis
43(1)
3.1 Alloys for Airframe Structures
43(1)
3.2 Traditional Approaches for Alloy Design
44(3)
3.3 Model-Based Approaches for Alloy Design
47(3)
3.4 Examples of Model-Based Alloy and Product Design
50(2)
3.5 Microstructure Representation for Model-Based Alloy Design
52(2)
3.6 Summary
54(3)
References
55(2)
Chapter 4 Aluminum Alloys
57(120)
Synopsis
58(1)
4.1 Aluminum Alloys for Airframe Structures
58(4)
4.2 Classification of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
62(3)
4.3 Physical Metallurgy of Wrought, PH Aluminum Alloys
65(42)
4.3.1 Alloying for Precipitation Hardening
67(32)
4.3.2 Alloying for Control of Matrix Microstructure
99(5)
4.3.3 Effects of Impurity Elements
104(3)
4.4 Processing---Microstructure---Property Relations in Wrought, PH Aluminum Alloys
107(31)
4.4.1 Modeling of Strength
111(5)
4.4.2 Ductility and Strain Hardening Behavior
116(1)
4.4.3 Durability and Damage Tolerance Properties
117(21)
4.5 Commercial Aluminum Alloys
138(17)
4.5.1 2XXX Series Alloys
139(3)
4.5.2 6XXX Series Alloys
142(1)
4.5.3 7XXX Series Alloys
142(8)
4.5.4 Al---Li Alloys
150(5)
4.5.5 Summary
155(1)
4.6 Aluminum Alloy and Product Design
155(11)
4.6.1 Aluminum Alloy Design
155(3)
4.6.2 New Alloy Design in the Traditional Composition Space
158(3)
4.6.3 New Alloy Design With Alternative Compositions
161(3)
4.6.4 Modeling for New Alloy Design
164(1)
4.6.5 Integrated Aluminum Alloy/Product Design
165(1)
4.7 Summary
166(11)
References
167(8)
Further Reading
175(2)
Chapter 5 Titanium Alloys
177(112)
Synopsis
178(1)
5.1 Titanium Alloys for Airframe Structures
179(2)
5.2 Classification, Characteristics, and Historical Development of Titanium Alloys
181(13)
5.2.1 Classification of Titanium Alloys
182(7)
5.2.2 Characteristics of Titanium Alloys
189(2)
5.2.3 Historical Development of Titanium Alloys
191(1)
5.2.4 Summary
192(2)
5.3 Physical Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys
194(44)
5.3.1 Alloying of Titanium
194(13)
5.3.2 Processing of Titanium Alloys
207(13)
5.3.3 Microstructure of Titanium Alloys and its Relationship to Processing
220(18)
5.4 Properties of Titanium Alloys and Their Relationships to Composition, Processing, and Microstructure
238(26)
5.4.1 Strength
241(5)
5.4.2 Ductility
246(3)
5.4.3 Durability and Damage Tolerance Properties
249(8)
5.4.4 Stress Corrosion Cracking
257(1)
5.4.5 High Temperature Properties
257(1)
5.4.6 Summary of Composition---Processing---Microstructure---Properties Relationships
258(1)
5.4.7 Modeling of Composition---Processing---Microstructure---Properties Relationships
259(5)
5.5 Commercial Titanium Alloys
264(14)
5.5.1 Ti---6A1---4V and Ti---6A1---4V ELI
264(1)
5.5.2 α/β Alloys
265(4)
5.5.3 Near-α Alloys
269(5)
5.5.4 Near-β and Metastable P Alloys
274(4)
5.6 New Alloy Design
278(2)
5.7 Summary
280(9)
References
280(9)
Chapter 6 Ultrahigh Strength Steels
289(56)
Synopsis
290(1)
6.1 Ultrahigh Strength Steels for Airframe Structures
290(1)
6.2 Classification of Ultrahigh Strength Steels
291(1)
6.3 Physical Metallurgy of Ultrahigh Strength Steels
292(20)
6.3.1 Alloying of Ultrahigh Strength Steels
294(6)
6.3.2 Phases in Ultrahigh Strength Steels
300(7)
6.3.3 Composition---Processing---Microstructure Relationships in Ultrahigh Strength Steels
307(5)
6.4 Properties of Ultrahigh Strength Steels and Their Relationships to Composition, Processing, and Microstructure
312(15)
6.4.1 Strength
313(4)
6.4.2 Ductility
317(2)
6.4.3 Toughness
319(4)
6.4.4 Fatigue Properties
323(1)
6.4.5 Embrittlement
324(1)
6.4.6 Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior
324(1)
6.4.7 Summary
325(2)
6.5 Commercial Ultrahigh Strength Steels
327(6)
6.5.1 Medium Carbon, Low Alloy Steels
327(1)
6.5.2 Secondary Hardening, High Alloy Steels
328(3)
6.5.3 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels
331(2)
6.6 New Alloy Design
333(6)
6.7 Summary
339(6)
References
339(6)
Chapter 7 Magnesium Alloys
345(40)
Synopsis
345(1)
7.1 The Promise and Timing of Magnesium Alloys
346(1)
7.2 Key Challenges for Magnesium Alloys
346(1)
7.3 Classifications of Magnesium Alloys
347(1)
7.4 Physical Metallurgy of Magnesium Alloys
348(15)
7.4.1 Concepts of Microstructural Efficiency and Alloying Efficiency
351(5)
7.4.2 Effect of Alloying Addition on Texture
356(1)
7.4.3 Precipitation in Commercial Magnesium Alloys
356(5)
7.4.4 Effect of Microalloying on Precipitation
361(2)
7.5 Processing---Microstructure---Properties of Magnesium Alloys
363(15)
7.5.1 Microstructural Evolution During Thermomechanical Processing
364(1)
7.5.2 Strength---Ductility Response
365(11)
7.5.3 Toughness Response
376(1)
7.5.4 Fatigue Response
376(2)
7.6 Summary
378(7)
References
379(6)
Chapter 8 Complex Concentrated Alloys Including High Entropy Alloys
385(22)
Synopsis
385(1)
8.1 Potential and Challenges for CCAs for Airframe Structural Applications
386(1)
8.2 Foundational Information on HEAs
386(4)
8.2.1 Four Core Effects
387(3)
8.3 Classifications of CCAs
390(4)
8.3.1 Constituent Element-Based Classification
391(1)
8.3.2 Traditional Crystal Structure-Based Classification
392(1)
8.3.3 Microstructure-Based Classification
392(1)
8.3.4 Density-Based Classification
393(1)
8.4 Physical Metallurgy of CCAs
394(1)
8.5 Processing---Microstructure---Properties of CCAs
394(7)
8.5.1 Linking CCA Core Effects to Deformation Micromechanisms
395(1)
8.5.2 Strength-Ductility Response
396(2)
8.5.3 Toughness Response
398(2)
8.5.4 Fatigue Response
400(1)
8.6 New Alloy Design
401(2)
8.7 Summary
403(4)
References
403(4)
Chapter 9 Alloy Design for Advanced Manufacturing Processes
407(44)
Synopsis
407(1)
9.1 Superplastic Forming
408(10)
9.1.1 Microstructural Requirement for Superplasticity
409(1)
9.1.2 Design of Alloys for SPF
410(8)
9.2 Friction Stir Welding
418(13)
9.2.1 Overview of Joint Efficiency in Al Alloys Achieved by FSW
419(1)
9.2.2 Correlating Thermal Cycle to the Physical Mechanisms During FSW
420(5)
9.2.3 Framework for Design of Aluminum Alloys for FSW
425(6)
9.3 Additive Manufacturing
431(13)
9.3.1 Current Alloys Used for Powder-Bed AM Processes
433(3)
9.3.2 Design of Aluminum and Titanium Alloys for Higher Performance in Additively Manufactured Components
436(8)
9.4 Summary
444(7)
References
444(7)
Chapter 10 Insertion of New Alloys and Process Technologies
451(8)
Synopsis
451(1)
10.1 Insertion of New Technologies
451(3)
10.1.1 Traditional Approaches
452(1)
10.1.2 Barriers to Insertion
453(1)
10.2 Accelerated Insertion of Technologies
454(2)
10.3 Summary
456(3)
References
456(3)
Appendix 1 459(10)
Appendix 2 469(14)
Index 483
Dr. Krishnan K. Sankaran is an Adjunct Instructor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, where he teaches a graduate level course titled Metallurgy and Design of Alloys”. Dr. Sankaran specializes in aerospace materials and processes and retired as a Senior Technical Fellow from The Boeing Company in 2014. He received his Ph.D. in Metallurgy from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1978. He has many publications and US and European patents. He has been an adjunct professor of materials science and engineering at the Missouri Institute of Science & Technology, Rolla, MO. He was a member of the Research Board and the Council of The Welding Institute, UK. He is a Fellow of the Academy of Science of St. Louis and a member of AIAA, ASM and TMS. In 2012, he was elected as Honorary Member of the Indian Institute of Metals for his distinguished services and significant contributions to the metallurgical profession and research. Prof. Rajiv Mishra (Ph.D. in Metallurgy from University of Sheffield) is a Regents Professor at the University of North Texas and founder of Optimus Alloys LLC. He is a Fellow of ASM International. He is a past-chair of the Structural Materials Division of TMS and served on the TMS Board of Directors (2013-16). He has authored/co-authored more than 450 papers in peer-reviewed journals and proceedings and is principal inventor of four U.S. patents. His current Google Scholar h-index is 95 and his papers have been cited more than 43000 times. He has co-authored three books; (1) Friction Stir Welding and Processing, (2) Metallurgy and Design of Alloys with Hierarchical Microstructures, (3) High Entropy Materials: Processing, Properties, and Applications. He has edited or co-edited fifteen TMS conference proceedings. He was an associate editor of Journal of Materials Processing Technology and is the founding editor of a short book series on Friction Stir Welding and Processing published by Elsevier and has co-authored seven short books in this series. He is a recipient of TMS-SMD Distinguished Scientist Award in 2020 and TMS-MPMD Distinguished Scientist Award in 2024. He is an adjunct professor in the department of Materials Science and Engineering at North Carolina State University. Most recently, he has founded Optimus Alloys LLC for commercialization of research efforts and serves as the Chief Scientific Advisor. Optimus Alloys is focused on process-specific alloy design for additive manufacturing of high-performance components.
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