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Microclimate and Local Climate [Hardback]

(University of Colorado Boulder), (University of Colorado Boulder)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 379 pages, height x width x depth: 261x182x19 mm, weight: 850 g, 48 Tables, black and white; 31 Halftones, color; 58 Line drawings, unspecified
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-May-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107145627
  • ISBN-13: 9781107145627
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  • Cena: 72,92 €
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 379 pages, height x width x depth: 261x182x19 mm, weight: 850 g, 48 Tables, black and white; 31 Halftones, color; 58 Line drawings, unspecified
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-May-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107145627
  • ISBN-13: 9781107145627
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
This book provides an up-to-date, comprehensive treatment of microclimate and local climate. It describes and explains the climate within the lower atmosphere and upper soil, the region critical to life on Earth. It is invaluable for advanced students and researchers in climatology, environmental science, geography, meteorology, agricultural science, and forestry.

This book provides an up-to-date, comprehensive treatment of the variables and processes of microclimate and local climate, including radiation balance and energy balance. It describes and explains the climate within the lower atmosphere and upper soil, the region critical to life on Earth. Topics that are covered include not only the physical processes that affect microclimate, but also biological processes that affect vegetation and animals, including people. A geographic tour of the microclimates of the major ecosystems around the world is included. All major biomes and surface types, including urban areas, are examined, and the effects of climate change on microclimate are described. This book is invaluable for advanced students and researchers in climatology in departments of environmental science, geography, meteorology, agricultural science, and forestry.

Recenzijas

'A masterful overview of a fundamental topic in climatology, by two leaders in the field who provide clear explanations and an up-to-date summary of the literature. Essential reading for anybody interested in climate science.' Raymond Bradley, Director, Climate System Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst ' a must-have for all climate scientists, not just those working in the boundary layer or on processes at the second and meter scales The range of topics presented is encyclopedic, and includes in-depth discussion of urban climates, bio-climatology, agro-climatology, remote sensing approaches, and many others. Barry and Blanken have done an astounding job of knitting these many disparate yet related topics into a coherent and well-organized discussion that spans all of Earth's latitude zones and surface environments this ambitious book fully delivers: it is a masterpiece of knowledge, experience, insights, and data on observed climate features and modeled climate processes occurring on all scales For many years to come, this will be a crucial reference and textbook for climate scientists in meteorology, geography, biology and ecology, landscape and urban design, agriculture, remote sensing, and many other disciplines.' Andrew M. Carleton, Pennsylvania State University 'There are relatively few textbooks written on this topic, making this book a very welcome addition to the existing literature. this textbook brings the study of microclimate up to date it does an excellent job of linking the microclimate to the larger scale climate within which it exists.' Marilyn N. Raphael, University of California, Los Angeles 'The authors' succeed commendably in their stated goal to quantitatively integrate processes acting on the small-scale (microclimate) with those operating at the larger scale (macroclimate). There is much to learn from this book. This volume will serve well as both a senior-level textbook and as an up-to-date reference for the knowledgeable reader.' Wayne Rouse, McMaster University, Ontario '[ The book's] many strengths include, in particular, the chapters on observations and instrumentation, radiation, energy and moisture monitoring from remote sensing, the microclimates of different vegetation environments, and Bioclimatology; the emphasis on urban climate processes at both micro and local-to-regional scales; the larger context and importance of global environmental changes ; consideration of a wide range of non-vegetated environments; the integration of modeling approaches with the observational and empirical approaches; the physical geography and environmental history contexts of many topics ; the Box topics; the high-quality figures and clear, incisive tables; and the inclusion of detailed information from published studies spanning the widest ranges geographically and temporally. In short, this book is an outstanding, essential addition to the personal library of every student of climate and environmental science writ large!' Andrew M. Carleton, Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research

Papildus informācija

This is a comprehensive treatment for advanced students and researchers in climatology, environmental science, geography, meteorology, agricultural science, and forestry.
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
1 Introduction
1(8)
A Definitions
1(2)
B The Scope of the Book
3(1)
C Historical Development
3(1)
D A Central Problem of Microclimatology
4(1)
E A Case Study
5(4)
Part I Controls of Microclimate
9(232)
2 Microclimatic Elements
11(41)
A Temperature
11(10)
B Moisture
21(8)
C Evaporation
29(5)
D Precipitation
34(4)
E Wind
38(1)
F Carbon Dioxide
39(2)
G Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Carbon Exchange
41(5)
H The Nitrogen Cycle
46(2)
I Pollutants
48(4)
3 Methods of Observation and Instrumentation
52(29)
A Introduction
52(1)
B Fundamentals
52(3)
C Measuring Temperature
55(5)
D Measuring Soil Temperature, Heat Flux, and Moisture
60(3)
E Measuring Radiation
63(2)
F Measuring Wind
65(2)
G Measuring Precipitation
67(3)
H Measuring Total and Partial Atmospheric Pressures
70(3)
I Measuring Turbulent Fluxes
73(8)
4 Radiation
81(18)
A Solar Radiation
81(13)
B Infrared (Longwave or Terrestrial) Radiation
94(1)
C Net Radiation
95(4)
5 The Energy Balance
99(27)
A Introduction
99(3)
B Soil Heat Flux
102(5)
C Momentum and Mass Exchange
107(4)
D Sensible Heat Flux
111(3)
E Latent Heat Flux
114(7)
F Advective Effects
121(5)
6 Monitoring Radiation, Energy, and Moisture Balance via Remote Sensing and Modeling with Land Surface Models
126(22)
A Approaches
126(6)
B Land Surface Models
132(3)
C Empirical Models
135(1)
D Physically based Models
136(7)
E Downscaling
143(5)
7 Microclimates of Different Vegetated Environments
148(39)
A Tundra
148(8)
B Grassland
156(3)
C Farmland
159(4)
D Wetlands
163(5)
E Forests
168(19)
8 Microclimates of Physical Systems
187(31)
A Lakes
187(7)
B Rivers
194(1)
C Snow Cover
195(6)
D Mountains
201(8)
E Cities
209(9)
9 Bioclimatology
218(23)
A The Energy Balance Equation
218(2)
B Calculations of the Energy Balance Terms
220(1)
C Radiation Terms
220(3)
D Metabolic Heat Production
223(2)
E Evaporative Cooling
225(3)
F Sensible Heat Loss: Convection
228(1)
G Conduction
229(2)
H Simplified Energy Balances to Provide Effective Temperatures
231(2)
I Radiation Impacts on Comfort and Behavior
233(1)
J Examples of Behavioral Modifications: Using the Soil and the Benefits of Burrowing
234(2)
K Aboveground Thermal Modification through Shelter
236(5)
Part II Local (Topo-)Climates
241(34)
10 Urban Climates
243(18)
A Modification of Atmospheric Composition
243(4)
B Modification of the Energy Budget
247(3)
C Urban Heat Islands
250(5)
D Modification of Surface Characteristics
255(6)
11 Topoclimatic Effects on Microclimate
261(14)
A Exposition, Slope Angle, and Shade Effects
261(4)
B Sea and Lake Coastal Influences
265(2)
C Urban Local Climates
267(3)
D Mosaic Landscapes
270(5)
Part III Environmental Change
275(16)
12 Climate Change and Microclimate
277(14)
A Overview of Global Trends
277(5)
B Soil Temperatures
282(1)
C Permafrost
283(1)
D Experimental Studies
283(8)
Problems 291(6)
Glossary 297(8)
Symbols 305(4)
System International (SI) Units and Conversions 309(2)
Index 311
Roger G. Barry was Director of the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at the University of Colorado Boulder from 1977 to 2008, and Professor of Geography from 1968 to 2010. He was appointed a University of Colorado Distinguished Professor in 2004. From 2012 to 2014 he was Director of the International CLIVAR Project Office, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton. He is a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union. His awards include the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society, the Nobel Peace Prize (as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change team), a Guggenheim Fellow, a Fulbright Fellow, a Humboldt Prize Fellow, and a Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Environmental Sciences (RAEN). He has directed 31 Masters and 36 PhD degrees. He is the author or co-author of more than 250 peer-reviewed papers and many textbooks, including Atmosphere, Weather and Climate, 9th edition (with R. J. Chorley, 2010), Mountain Weather and Climate, 3rd edition (Cambridge, 2008), Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology (with A. M. Carleton, 2011), The Arctic Climate System, 2nd edition (with M. C. Serreze, Cambridge, 2014), The Global Cryosphere: Past, Present and Future (with T. Y. Gan, Cambridge, 2011), and Essentials of the Earth's Climate System (with E. A. Hall-McKim, Cambridge, 2014). Peter D. Blanken is a Professor and former Chair of the Department of Geography at the University of Colorado Boulder. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed papers, several book chapters, and is a co-author of Straits of Mackinac Weather (with Sandy Planisek, 2015). He has served on the editorial board of the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society for over a decade.