Preface |
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xiii | |
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Chapter One Taking Responsibility to Address Bias and Incrimination |
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1 | (22) |
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5 | (2) |
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The Relationship between Macroaggressions and Microaggressions |
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7 | (10) |
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How Macroaggressions Differ from Microaggressions |
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9 | (2) |
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Macroassaults in Institutional Policies and Practices |
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11 | (1) |
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Macroaggressions as Systemic Racism |
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12 | (3) |
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Macroaggressions in Standard Operating Procedures |
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15 | (2) |
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The Need to Take Action: People of Color, White Allies, and Bystanders |
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17 | (6) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (3) |
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Chapter Two What Are Microinterventions? |
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23 | (20) |
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Distinguishing Microinterventions from Macrointerventions |
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24 | (5) |
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Three Forms of Microinterventions: Strategies and Tactics |
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29 | (14) |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (5) |
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38 | (5) |
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Chapter Three Psychological Benefits of Microinterventions vs. the Psychological Costs of Inaction |
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43 | (16) |
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Active Anti-racist Interventions: Benefits and Costs |
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46 | (6) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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Prosocial Norms and Contexts |
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52 | (2) |
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Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites: Perpetrator Constriction vs. Liberation |
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54 | (4) |
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Cognitive Costs to Perpetrators |
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56 | (1) |
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Affective Costs to Perpetrators |
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56 | (1) |
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Behavioral Costs to Perpetrators |
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57 | (1) |
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Spiritual and Moral Cost to Perpetrators |
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57 | (1) |
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Perpetrator Liberation and Benefits |
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58 | (1) |
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Chapter Four Barriers to Combatting Micro- and Macroaggressions |
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59 | (14) |
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Being Oblivious, Innocent, and Naive |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (2) |
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Maintaining Harmony and Avoiding Conflict |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (5) |
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68 | (1) |
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Loss of Position and Power |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Psychological Stress and Burnout |
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70 | (1) |
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Violent Threats and Physical Harm |
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71 | (1) |
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Being Paralyzed and Feeling Impotent |
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72 | (1) |
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Chapter Five Overcoming Silence, Inaction and Complicity |
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73 | (18) |
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Learn to Recognize and Decode Hidden Expressions of Bias |
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74 | (2) |
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Become Aware of the Toxicity and Harmful Impact of Micro/Macroaggressions |
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76 | (3) |
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Create Norms that Counter Conflict Avoidance and Enhance Racial Dialogues |
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79 | (5) |
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82 | (1) |
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Undertake Antibias Training |
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82 | (1) |
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Create Fair and Just Societal and Organizational Policies and Practices |
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82 | (1) |
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Raising Race-Conscious Children |
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83 | (1) |
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Seek Social Support and Allies |
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84 | (4) |
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Obtain Skills and Tactics to Respond to Macroaggressions |
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88 | (3) |
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Chapter Six Microintervention Strategy and Tactics to Make the "Invisible" Visible |
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91 | (16) |
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Challenging Microaggressions |
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92 | (7) |
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Strategic Goal: Make Microaggressions Visible |
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93 | (1) |
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Tactic # 1 Develop Perspicacity |
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93 | (3) |
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Tactic # 2 Disempower the Innuendo by "Naming" It |
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96 | (1) |
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Tactic # 3 Undermine the Meta-communication |
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96 | (1) |
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Tactic # 4 Challenge the Stereotype |
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96 | (1) |
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Tactic # 5 Broaden the Ascribed Trait to a Universal Human Behavior |
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97 | (1) |
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Tactic # 6 Ask for Clarification of a Statement or Action |
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97 | (1) |
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Tactic # 7 Make the Meta-communication Explicit by Restating/Rephrasing the Statement or Action |
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98 | (1) |
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Tactic # 8 Reverse, Redirect or Mimic the Statements or Actions of the Offender as If It Was Meant for the Perpetrator |
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98 | (1) |
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Challenging Macroaggressions |
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99 | (8) |
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Strategic Goal: Make Macroaggressions Visible |
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100 | (1) |
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Tactic # 1 Monitor and Document |
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101 | (1) |
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Tactic # 2 Encourage Implementing Systems of Evaluation and Accountability |
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102 | (2) |
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Tactic # 3 Leverage Personal Power and Privileged Identities |
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104 | (3) |
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Chapter Seven Microintervention Strategy and Tactics to Educate Perpetrators and Stakeholders |
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107 | (18) |
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Strategic Goal: Educate Perpetrators |
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108 | (6) |
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Tactic # 1 Help Microaggressors Differentiate between Good Intent and Harmful Impact |
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108 | (3) |
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Tactic # 2 Contradict the Group-Based Stereotype with Opposing Evidence by Personalizing It to Specific Individuals |
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111 | (1) |
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Tactic # 3 Appeal to the Offender's Values and Principles |
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111 | (1) |
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Tactic # 4 Point Out the Commonalities |
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112 | (1) |
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Tactic # 5 Promote Empathy |
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113 | (1) |
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Tactic # 6 Point Out How They Benefit |
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113 | (1) |
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Strategic Goal: Challenging Macroaggressions through Education |
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114 | (11) |
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Tactic # 1 Raise Critical Thinking |
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116 | (1) |
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Tactic # 2 Support Antibias Education and Training |
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117 | (5) |
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Tactic # 3 Highlight the Benefits of Diversity and Equity |
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122 | (3) |
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Chapter Eight Microintervention Strategy and Tactics to Disarm Microaggressions and Macroaggressions |
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125 | (26) |
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Strategic Goal: Disarm Microaggressions |
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129 | (3) |
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Tactic # 1 Interrupt the Communication and Redirect It |
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129 | (1) |
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Tactic # 2 State Values and Set Limits |
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130 | (1) |
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Tactic # 3 Express Disagreement |
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130 | (1) |
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Tactic # 4 Describe What Is Happening |
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131 | (1) |
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Tactic # 5 Nonverbal Communication |
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131 | (1) |
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Tactic # 6 Use an Exclamatory Short Expression |
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131 | (1) |
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Tactic # 7 Remind Them of the Rules |
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132 | (1) |
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Challenging Macroaggressions |
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132 | (1) |
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Nonviolent and Violent Actions |
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133 | (18) |
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Strategic Goal: Disarming Macroaggressions |
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134 | (17) |
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Chapter Nine Microintervention Strategy and Tactics for Using External Support and Alliances |
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151 | (18) |
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Strategic Goal: Seeking External Support/Validation in Fighting Microaggressions |
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152 | (6) |
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Tactic # 1 Alert Leadership |
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155 | (1) |
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Tactic # 2 Report Incident |
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155 | (1) |
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Tactic # 3 Seek Therapy/Counseling |
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156 | (1) |
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Tactic # 4 Seek Spirituality/Religion/Community Support |
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156 | (1) |
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Tactic # 5 Establish a Buddy System |
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157 | (1) |
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Tactic # 6 Establish or Join a Support Group |
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158 | (1) |
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Microintervention Cautions |
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158 | (1) |
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Strategic Goal: Seeking External Support in Fighting Macroaggressions |
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159 | (10) |
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Tactic # 1 Call on the Support of Human Rights Organizations |
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160 | (2) |
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Tactic # 2 Initiate Governmental Action |
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162 | (3) |
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Tactic # 4 Seek Community Support |
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165 | (4) |
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Chapter Ten Microinterventions |
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169 | (22) |
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Prime Time for Developing Minds |
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170 | (3) |
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171 | (2) |
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Microintervention Implications for Caretakers and Educators |
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173 | (8) |
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Make the Invisible Visible |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (2) |
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Disarm the Micro/Macroaggression |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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Implications for Future Study |
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181 | (3) |
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184 | (7) |
References |
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191 | (22) |
Name Index |
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213 | (8) |
Subject Index |
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221 | |