Preface |
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xiii | |
Introduction |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
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1 | (16) |
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1.1 New High Magnetization Garnets for Microwave Magnetic Devices |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 The Structure of Garnets |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 The Magnetization and Curie Temperature of Bismuth-Substituted YIG |
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3 | (2) |
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1.4 Dielectric Constant and Bismuth Content |
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5 | (1) |
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1.5 Octahedral Substitution |
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6 | (2) |
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1.6 Comparison with Existing YIG-Based Materials |
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8 | (4) |
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1.7 Device Considerations |
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12 | (5) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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2 New Magnetic Materials: Expanding Applications |
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17 | (16) |
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2.1 Higher-Frequency Devices Using New Low-Magnetization Garnets |
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17 | (2) |
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2.2 Choice of Substitute Elements |
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19 | (1) |
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2.3 Nonmagnetic Tetrahedral Substitution |
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20 | (1) |
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2.4 Vanadium Substitution |
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20 | (4) |
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2.5 Aluminum Substitution |
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24 | (2) |
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2.6 Gadolinium Substitution |
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26 | (4) |
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2.7 Comparison with Existing Materials |
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30 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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3 Miniaturization of Ferrite Devices Using High Dielectric Constant Ferrite |
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33 | (14) |
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3.1 Description of the Junction Circulator Mode |
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33 | (1) |
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3.2 Experimental Proof of Size Reduction |
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34 | (2) |
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3.3 Device Implications of Dielectric Constant |
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36 | (2) |
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3.4 Miniaturization of Other Ferrite Devices |
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38 | (1) |
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3.5 High Dielectric Constant Garnet and Latching and Switching Devices |
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39 | (6) |
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3.6 Low-Frequency Antennas |
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45 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (18) |
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47 | (1) |
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4.2 High Dielectric Constant Materials |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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4.4 Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Dielectrics (TTBs) |
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51 | (1) |
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4.5 Bismuth Niobium-Based Systems |
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52 | (2) |
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4.6 Summary of Candidate Dielectrics |
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54 | (1) |
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4.7 Low Dielectric Constant Materials (LTCC) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (4) |
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4.9 Low Dielectric Constant MICs |
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59 | (2) |
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4.10 Low Dielectric Constant Soft-Substrate Hybrid Assembly |
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61 | (4) |
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63 | (2) |
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5 Further Miniaturization with Combinations of Bismuth Garnets and Dielectrics |
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65 | (18) |
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65 | (1) |
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5.2 Above-Resonance Operation |
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65 | (5) |
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5.3 Below-Resonance Operation |
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70 | (10) |
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80 | (3) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (26) |
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83 | (1) |
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6.2 Low-Permittivity, Magnetic/Dielectric Composite Absorbers |
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84 | (3) |
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6.3 Ferroelectric Absorbers Based on BaTiO3 |
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87 | (2) |
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6.4 Combinations of Ferroelectric and Magnetic Absorbers |
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89 | (1) |
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6.5 Commercial Absorbers as Loads |
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89 | (2) |
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6.6 New Materials Based on Magnetic Metal Combinations |
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91 | (1) |
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6.7 Ferrite-Based Absorbers |
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92 | (3) |
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6.8 Hexagonal Ferrites as Absorbers |
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95 | (6) |
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6.9 Ferrite Polymer Composites as Absorbers |
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101 | (1) |
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6.10 Alternate Ferroelectric Absorbers |
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101 | (2) |
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6.11 Low-Temperature Firing Absorbers |
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103 | (2) |
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6.12 Very High-Power Absorbers |
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105 | (4) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (1) |
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7 Dielectric and Magnetic Integration |
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109 | (20) |
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7.1 First Steps in Integration and Their Effect on Microwave Performance |
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109 | (3) |
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7.2 Nonmagnetic Garnets as Dielectric Substrates |
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112 | (1) |
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7.3 Combinations of Garnets |
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112 | (1) |
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7.4 Performance Enhancement: Insertion Loss and Intermodulation |
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113 | (4) |
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7.5 Other Sources of Insertion Loss in Magnetic Devices |
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117 | (1) |
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7.6 Intermodulation (IMD) |
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118 | (2) |
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7.7 Below-Resonance IMD Reduction |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (4) |
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7.9 IMD and Harmonics in Systems |
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127 | (2) |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (16) |
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8.1 Antenna Application Trends |
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129 | (3) |
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8.2 MIMO and Massive MIMO |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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8.4 Patch Antenna Realizations |
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134 | (1) |
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8.5 Enhanced Patch Antennas Using RIS and EBG |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (1) |
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8.7 Ferrite-Based Patch Antennas |
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139 | (6) |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (18) |
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9.1 Cellular Transceiver Filters |
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145 | (2) |
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9.2 Edge-Coupled Microstrip Filters |
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147 | (2) |
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9.3 Coaxial Dielectric TEM Filters |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (2) |
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9.7 Bulk Acoustic Wave Filters |
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155 | (1) |
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9.8 Dielectric Resonator-Based Filters |
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156 | (3) |
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9.9 Performance and Integration Summary for Filter Types |
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159 | (4) |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (20) |
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10.1 Classes of Tunable Materials |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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10.3 Microstrip/Stripline Filter Tuning |
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164 | (1) |
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10.4 Paraelectric Materials as Tunable Elements |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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10.6 Tunable Devices Based on Ferrite Biased to Resonance |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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10.8 Tunable Coaxial Dielectric TEM Resonators |
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168 | (1) |
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10.9 Tunable Acoustic Filters |
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169 | (1) |
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10.10 Piezoelectric and Paraelectric-Based Filters |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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10.12 Smart Antennas and Phased Arrays |
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173 | (3) |
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10.13 Tunable TE and TM Filters |
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176 | (1) |
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10.14 Summary and Conclusions |
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177 | (6) |
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179 | (4) |
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183 | (12) |
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11.1 Transceiver Integration |
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183 | (2) |
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11.2 Integration of Ferroelectric Devices |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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11.4 Low- to High-Powered Base Stations |
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186 | (2) |
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11.5 Transceiver Topology |
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188 | (2) |
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11.6 Summary of Base Station Filter Options |
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190 | (2) |
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11.7 Antenna Considerations |
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192 | (1) |
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11.8 Soft Board Versus Ceramic Microstrip and LTCC |
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192 | (3) |
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193 | (2) |
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12 New Manufacturing Techniques for Dielectric and Magnetic Materials Used in Microwave Devices |
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195 | (18) |
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195 | (1) |
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12.2 Additive Manufacturing |
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195 | (1) |
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12.3 AM Devices Using Plastic and Metal Only |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (1) |
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12.5 Stereolithography (SL) Applied to Microwave Circuits and Components |
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198 | (1) |
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12.6 Cofired Composite Structures Using AM |
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199 | (2) |
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12.7 Ceramic Injection Molding (CIM) |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (1) |
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12.9 Bismuth Containing Garnets and Sol-Gel |
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204 | (3) |
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12.10 Bismuth Zinc Niobate Dielectric by Sol-Gel |
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207 | (1) |
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12.11 Magnetic Spinel and Hexagonal Ferrites by Sol-Gel |
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207 | (1) |
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12.12 Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT) Piezoelectrics by Sol-Gel |
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208 | (1) |
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12.13 Thin-Film Deposition |
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209 | (4) |
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210 | (3) |
About the Author |
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213 | (2) |
Index |
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215 | |