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E-grāmata: Microwave Radiation of the Ocean-Atmosphere: Boundary Heat and Dynamic Interaction

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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Dec-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319216478
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Microwave Radiation of the Ocean-Atmosphere: Boundary Heat and Dynamic InteractionPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Dec-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319216478
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The book describes different approaches to the analysis of heat and dynamic processes in the ocean-atmospheric interface with satellite passive radiometric observations at microwaves. It examines the feasibility of determining synoptic, seasonal and year-to-year variations of sensible, latent and momentum fluxes to a useful accuracy using the DMSP SSM/I and EOS Aqua AMSR-E data directly from the measured brightness temperatures.
An important object in the studies is the North Atlantic with emphasize on the areas with high midlatitude cyclon activity: here the main results have been obtained by combining data from the vessel experiments NEWFOUEX-88, ATLANTEX-90 and the data of microwave radiometers from the DMSP and EOS Aqua satellites.
The role of vertical turbulent and horizontal advective heat transfer in forming interrelations between the brightness temperature of the system ocean-atmosphere and surface heat fluxes in the range of synoptic time scales is analyzed.
Special sections of the book describe some results of analysis of reaction of the system ocean-atmosphere on passing of the tropical cyclone Katrina (August 2005) in the Florida Strait as well as a behavior of the system in the period of a time preceding to origination the cyclone Humberto (September 2007) in the Mexico Gulf. The long-term goal of this research is the search for effects and regularities, which can explain the reasons for the tropical cyclones appearance. Some characteristics of the tropical cyclones (brightness temperature and heat contrasts, etc.) are compared with those for midlatitude cyclones.
At the same time as covering a key topic area with implications for global warming research, this text is also usefull to students who want to gain insight into application of satellite microwave radiometric methods for studying the air-sea interaction.
Key themes: microwave radiometry, air-sea interaction, midlatitude and tropical cyclones, atmosphere boundary layer, heat and momentum surface fluxes.
1 Accessible Parameters for Satellite MCW Radiometers and Their Relationship with Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions 1(24)
1.1 Methods for Surface Heat Flux Analysis Using Radiometric Measurements
1(6)
1.1.1 Traditional Approach
1(3)
1.1.2 Alternative Approach
4(3)
1.2 Parameters of Heat Interchange in the SOA, Which are Directly Determined by Satellite MCW Radiometry
7(6)
1.2.1 History of Satellite MCW Radiometry Development
7(1)
1.2.2 Relationship Between Natural MCW Radiation and the Ocean Surface Temperature
8(3)
1.2.3 Estimating the Accuracy of Ocean Surface Temperature Determinations
11(2)
1.3 Potential of Satellite MCW Radiometric Methods for Determining Meteorological Parameters of the Near-Surface Atmosphere
13(6)
1.3.1 Climatic and Seasonal Scales
13(4)
1.3.2 Synoptic Scales
17(2)
1.4 Conclusion
19(1)
References
20(5)
2 Modeling the SOA'S MCW and IR Radiation Characteristics and Their Relationship with Surface Heat Fluxes at Synoptic Time Scales 25(18)
2.1 Modeling the SOA's Brightness Temperature with ATLANTEX-90 Vessel Experiment Data
25(3)
2.1.1 Description of the Initial Data
25(1)
2.1.2 Model of the SOA's Natural Radiation with Microwaves and Infrareds
26(2)
2.2 SOA Brightness Temperature Contrasts and Their Comparison with Heat Fluxes
28(7)
2.2.1 Calculations of SOA Brightness Temperature at Microwaves
28(1)
2.2.2 Relationship Between the SOA's Brightness Temperature and Heat Fluxes
29(4)
2.2.3 Computation of the Brightness Temperature Response to the Heat Fluxes Variations
33(2)
2.3 Analysis of the Factors Forming the Relationship Between Natural MCW Radiation and Heat Characteristics of the SOA
35(6)
2.3.1 Parameters and Mechanisms that Form Relationships Between the Brightness Temperature and Surface Heat Fluxes
35(4)
2.3.2 Response of the SOA Heat and MCW Radiation Characteristics on Midlatitude Cyclone Passage
39(2)
2.4 Conclusions
41(1)
References
42(1)
3 Search for the Direct Relationship Between Heat Fluxes and the Parameters Associated with the SOA Brightness Temperature 43(20)
3.1 Analysis of the Relationships Between Total Water Vapor Content in the Atmosphere and Heat Fluxes (ATLANTEX-90Experiment)
43(6)
3.1.1 Problem Statement
43(1)
3.1.2 Analysis of Meteorological and Aerologic Data from the ATLANTEX-90 Experiment
44(2)
3.1.3 Reconstruction of the Bulk Formulas
46(3)
3.2 The Role of Near-Surface Wind in Heat Flux Determinations
49(2)
3.2.1 Specific Objective
49(1)
3.2.2 Results of the Analysis on the Influence of the Wind Factor
49(2)
3.3 Relationships Between Monthly Mean Ocean-Atmosphere Temperature Differences and MCW and IR Radiation Intensity of the SOA
51(6)
3.3.1 Statement of the Problem
51(1)
3.3.2 Approximations and Limitations Used
52(1)
3.3.3 Relationships Between the SOA's Natural Radiation and the Near-Surface Atmosphere Characteristics
53(2)
3.3.4 Relationships Between Monthly Mean Differences of the Ocean Surface and Atmosphere Near-Surface Temperatures and the Intensity of SOA's Natural Radiation
55(2)
3.4 Brightness Temperature as a Characteristic of Seasonal and Interannual Dynamics of Ocean-Atmosphere Heat Interaction
57(4)
3.4.1 ts, ta Loops as Characteristics of Heat Exchange Between the Ocean and Atmosphere
57(1)
3.4.2 Using Brightness Temperature Loops to Estimate Annual Heat Fluxes
58(3)
3.5 Conclusion
61(1)
References
61(2)
4 Influence of Vertical Heat Transfer on the Relationships Between the SOA MCW and IR Radiation Intensity and Surface Heat Fluxes: Modeling 63(10)
4.1 Model of Heat Interaction Between the Oceanic and Atmospheric Boundary Layers
63(3)
4.2 Parameterized Radiation Model of the SOA for Microwaves and Infrareds
66(1)
4.3 Numerical Analysis of the Dynamics of Thermal and Electromagnetic Fluxes and Their Correlations
67(5)
4.4 Conclusion
72(1)
References
72(1)
5 Influence of Horizontal Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere Boundary Layer on the Relationship Between the SOA's Brightness Temperature and Surface Heat Fluxes: Modeling 73(12)
5.1 Dependence of the Atmosphere Boundary Layer's Meteorological Structure on Horizontal Heat Transfer
73(6)
5.1.1 Objectives and Approach
73(1)
5.1.2 Heat and Moisture Transfer Model
74(1)
5.1.3 Description of the Numerical Experiment
75(1)
5.1.4 Results of the Computation of the ABL Vertical Meteorological Structure
76(3)
5.2 Response of the SOA's Brightness Temperature to ABL Temperature Changes and Humidity Characteristics
79(4)
5.3 Conclusion
83(1)
References
83(2)
6 Experimental Studies of the Relationships Between SOA Radiation and Heat Characteristics in the Synoptic Range of Time Scales 85(24)
6.1 Laboratory Study of the Response of Natural MCW and IR Radiation from the Water Surface to Its Upper Layer Enthalpy
85(3)
6.1.1 Matter of the Study
85(1)
6.1.2 Description of the Experiment and Its Results
86(2)
6.2 Experimental Studies of the Relationships Between the Brightness Temperature, Heat, Moisture, and Impulse Fluxes with Satellite Data and Vessel Measurements
88(10)
6.2.1 SSM/I Radiometer of the DMSP Satellites
88(2)
6.2.2 Results of Modeling Synoptic Variations of SOA Brightness Temperatures and Their Comparison with Satellite Measurements
90(3)
6.2.3 Relationships Between the SSM/I-Derived Brightness Temperatures with the Near-Surface Fluxes of Heat and Impulse
93(2)
6.2.4 Stability of the Relationships Between Satellite and Vessel Estimates of Heat and Impulse Fluxes
95(3)
6.3 Experimental Studies of Relationships Between the Brightness Temperatures and SOA Parameters in Front Zones
98(9)
6.3.1 Synoptic Variability of the SOA Parameters and Brightness Temperature in the Subpolar Hydrological Front
98(2)
6.3.2 Features of Atmospheric Dynamics Observed in the SHF Region
100(2)
6.3.3 Relationship of the Brightness Temperature and Wind Direction in the SHF
102(5)
6.4 Conclusions
107(1)
References
107(2)
7 Seasonal and Interannual Changeability of Heat Fluxes in the North Atlantic as Seen from the SSM/I Radiometer 109(16)
7.1 Satellite-Derived Estimates of Monthly Mean Brightness Temperature, Total Water Vapor of the Atmosphere, and Wind Speed
109(5)
7.1.1 Monthly Mean Brightness Temperatures Observed with the SSM/I Radiometer over the North Atlantic
109(2)
7.1.2 Monthly Mean SOA Parameters Retrieved with the SSM/I Radiometer over the North Atlantic and Their Accuracy
111(3)
7.2 Estimates of Monthly Mean Heat Fluxes in the North Atlantic Using Data from the F-08 Satellite (DMSP)
114(2)
7.2.1 Validation of the Monthly Mean Heat Fluxes Estimated from Satellites with Archival Data
114(1)
7.2.2 Disagreements Between Satellite and Archival Data
115(1)
7.3 Estimates of Interannual Variability of Surface Heat Fluxes in the North Atlantic with DMSP SSM/I Radiometric Data
116(7)
7.3.1 Problem Statement
116(1)
7.3.2 Initial Satellite and Oceanic Archival Data
117(3)
7.3.3 Brightness Temperature as the Direct Characteristic of Surface Heat Fluxes and Their Variability
120(3)
7.4 Conclusion
123(1)
References
123(2)
8 Fluxes of Sensible Heat, Latent Heat, Impulse, and Atmospheric Water Vapor over the North Atlantic from the EOS Aqua AMSR-E Radiometer 125(16)
8.1 Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Monthly Mean Heat, Moisture, Impulse Fluxes, and Atmospheric Water Vapor in the North Atlantic from the AMSR-E Radiometer
125(6)
8.1.1 Satellite Archives
125(1)
8.1.2 Technique for Determining the Monthly Mean Fluxes of Sensible Heat, Latent Heat, and Impulse Fluxes from AMSR-E Radiometric Data
126(1)
8.1.3 Variability of Fields of Monthly Mean Sensible Heat, Latent Heat, and Impulse Fluxes
127(2)
8.1.4 Field Variability of the Atmospheric Monthly Mean Water Vapor Content in the North Atlantic
129(2)
8.2 Brightness Temperature as a Characteristic of Ocean-Atmosphere Heat Interaction in Areas of the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current
131(5)
8.2.1 Analysis of Seasonal Variability of the Brightness Temperature in Areas H and D of the Gulf Stream
131(3)
8.2.2 Annual Brightness Temperature Cycles (Loops) in Areas H and D of the Gulf Stream
134(2)
8.3 Conclusion
136(2)
References
138(3)
9 Analysis of the Dynamics of SOA Parameters in Areas of Tropical Cyclone Activity 141(20)
9.1 Dynamics of Parameters of the Ocean Surface and Near-Surface Atmosphere in the Gulf of Mexico During Tropical Cyclones Katrina and Humberto
141(9)
9.1.1 Matter and Tasks of the Study
141(1)
9.1.2 Dynamics of Meteorological Parameters Measured from Stations SMKF1 and 42019
142(2)
9.1.3 Dynamics of the Ocean Surface Temperature, Heat, Moisture, and Impulse Fluxes in Areas of Activity of TCs Katrina and Humberto
144(4)
9.1.4 Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of the SOA Brightness Temperature Along the Trajectory of TC Katrina
148(2)
9.2 Dynamics of the Atmospheric Meteorological Characteristics at the Beginning of Tropical Cyclones
150(6)
9.2.1 Technique for Retrieval of the Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity from Satellites and Buoys
150(1)
9.2.2 Some Results of Analysis of the Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Dynamics at Various Horizons
151(1)
9.2.3 Some Results of an Analysis of the Atmosphere's Integral Characteristics Dynamics
152(4)
9.3 Conclusion
156(3)
References
159(2)
10 Comparative Analysis of Prestorm Situations in the Florida Strait and Golubaya Bay in the Black Sea 161(12)
10.1 Objectives of the Study
161(1)
10.2 Dynamics of the Near-Surface and Upper Atmosphere Layers Near the SMKF1 Station Before TC Katrina's Arrival
162(4)
10.3 Dynamics of Characteristics of the Near-Surface and Upper Atmosphere Layers in Golubaya Bay Before Sea Storm Coming
166(4)
10.4 Conclusion
170(1)
References
171(2)
11 Modern Satellite MCW Radiometric Means for Analyzing Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions 173(16)
11.1 History and General Information
173(2)
11.2 Review of Recent MCW Radiometric Complexes
175(7)
11.2.1 DMSP Radiometric Complex
175(1)
11.2.2 SSMIS-Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder
175(2)
11.2.3 TRMM Radiometric Complex
177(1)
11.2.4 Coriolis Radiometric Complex
177(1)
11.2.5 GCOM-W1 Radiometric Complex
178(1)
11.2.6 R MTVZA-GY Adiometric Complex of Russian Satellite Meteor-M No. 2
179(3)
11.3 Informational Aspects in Studying the Characteristics of the Ocean-Atmosphere Heat and Dynamic Interaction with MCW Radiometric Methods
182(5)
11.3.1 Processing Remotely Sensed Data in Centers for the Archiving and Dissemination of Information
182(2)
11.3.2 Peculiarities of Processing Satellite MCW Radiometric Data for Studies of Heat and Dynamic Processes in the SOA Interface
184(1)
11.3.3 Global Archive OAFlux: Daily and Monthly Mean Fluxes and Parameters of the Ocean and Atmosphere
184(1)
11.3.4 Global Archive HOAPS: Monthly Mean Fluxes and Parameters of the Ocean and Atmosphere
185(1)
11.3.5 Global Archive J-OFURO: Monthly Mean Fluxes and Parameters of the Ocean and Atmosphere
186(1)
11.3.6 Archival Satellite MCW Data
186(1)
11.4 Conclusion
187(1)
References
187(2)
Key Terms 189(2)
Abbreviations 191(2)
Index 193
Alexander G. Grankov received his PhD at the Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IRE RAS), Fryazino Department (2002), where he is currently the head of the laboratory. He has a wide experience in remote sensing of the ocean and land covers from aircrafts and satellites, gained in numerous national and international aerospace experiments. Study of the intercommunication between natural microwave radiation and heat processes in the air-water interface is the specific and important topic of his activity. He is a member of the Popov Society for Radio Engineering and the author of over 200 scientific publications.

Alexander A. Milshin is a principal investigator of Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino Department, and the JSC "Research & Production Corporation "Istok". He has a great experience in remote sensing of the ocean and land covers, and in processing microwaveradiometric measurement data from satellites and aircrafts, acquired in numerous national and international aerospace experiments. He is a member of Popov Society for Radio Engineering and the author of 200 scientific publications.
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