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Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America [Hardback]

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This volume presents the up-to-date results of investigations into the Asian origins of the only two language families of North America that are widely acknowledged as having likely genetic links in northern Asia. It brings together all that has been proposed to date under the respective rubrics of the Uralo-Siberian (Eskimo-Yukaghir-Uralic) hypothesis and the Dene-Yeniseian hypothesis. The evolution of the two parallel research strategies for fleshing out these linguistic links between North America and Asia are compared and contrasted. Although focusing on stringently controlled linguistic reconstructions, the volume draws upon archaeological and human genetic data where relevant.
List of Tables and Illustrations
ix
Abbreviations xii
Introduction 1(12)
Michael Fortescue
Edward Vajda
PART 1 The Uralo-Siberian Hypothesis
Michael Fortescue
1 Overview
13(4)
2 The Eskaleut, Uralic and Yukaghir Languages
17(14)
2.1 Eskaleut
17(8)
2.2 Uralic
25(3)
2.3 Yukaghir
28(3)
3 The History of the Hypothesis
31(14)
4 Uralo-Siberian Cognates
45(98)
4.1 The Basis of the Reconstructions: Sound Correspondences
46(10)
4.2 Proto-Uralo-Siberian Stems
56(71)
4.3 Proto-Uralo-Siberian Morphology
127(14)
4.4 Summary
141(2)
5 The Relationship to Chukotko-Kamchatkan
143(12)
6 The Emergence of Ergativity in Eskaleut and Siberian Languages
155(15)
7 Aleut Lexical Items Not Attested in Eskimoan: Evidence of a Substratum?
170(11)
8 Sirenikski: Remnant Asian Eskimoan
181(29)
8.1 The Position of Sirenikski within Eskimoan
181(2)
8.2 Sirenikski Phonology and Lexicon
183(6)
8.3 Sirenikski Morphology
189(16)
8.4 The Idiosyncrasy of Sirenikski
205(5)
9 Support from Archaeology and Population Genetics
210(27)
9.1 The Dispersal of Uralo-Siberian: A Model
210(6)
9.2 Archaeological Support for the Model
216(11)
9.3 Genetic Support for the Model
227(10)
PART 2 The Dene-Yeniseian Hypothesis
Edward Vajda
1 Overview
237(9)
2 Yeniseian Languages
246(33)
3 Na-Dene: Tlingit, Eyak, and Dene (Athabaskan) Languages
279(19)
4 Dene-Yeniseian Phonology
298(26)
5 Dene-Yeniseian Cognates
324(76)
6 Form Classes and Noun Morphology
400(4)
7 Possessive Constructions
404(15)
7.1 Yeniseian Possessive Morphology
404(5)
7.2 Dene-Eyak Noun Class Markers and Qualifiers
409(4)
7.3 Postpositional Constructions
413(1)
7.4 Directionals
413(2)
7.5 Demonstratives and Interrogatives
415(2)
7.6 Summary
417(2)
8 Finite Verb Morphology
419(34)
8.1 The Origin of Dene-Yeniseian Templatic Polysynthesis
420(4)
8.2 The Na-Dene Classifier Prefixes
424(2)
8.3 The Proto-Yeniseian Template
426(2)
8.4 Tense-Aspect-Mood Affixes
428(4)
8.5 Agreement Morphology
432(3)
8.6 Contact-Induced Changes in the Yeniseian Daughter Templates
435(5)
8.7 Areal Influence on Na-Dene Verb Morphology
440(8)
8.8 Action Nominals
448(3)
8.9 Concluding Remarks on Dene-Yeniseian Verb Morphology
451(2)
9 Summary of the Linguistic Evidence for Dene-Yeniseian
453(6)
10 Perspectives on DeneYfeniseian from Population Genetics and Archaeology
459(14)
11 Summary and Future Perspectives
473(8)
Concluding Discussion 481(6)
Michael Fortescue
Edward Vajda
Appendix 1 P-US to English; English to P-US 487(15)
Appendix 2 P-DY to English; English to P-DY 502(8)
References 510(17)
Index 527
Michael Fortescue, Ph.D. (1978), Edinburgh University, is professor emeritus in Linguistics at the University of Copenhagen. He has published widely in the field of Arctic languages, including West Greenlandic (Croom Helm, 1984). He co-authored The Comparative Eskimo Dictionary (Alaska Native Language Center, 1994, 2010).





Edward Vajda, Ph.D. (1987), University of Washington, is professor of Russian, Eurasian Studies, and Linguistics at Western Washington University. His research focus is the indigenous languages of northern Asia, particularly Ket and other Yeniseian languages. His books include Yeniseian Peoples and Languages (Curzon Press, 2001) and Ket (Lincom, 2004).