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Migration, the State and Faith-Based Organizations [Hardback]

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"Why do churches assist people without authorized residence even when the state prohibits and punishes such conduct? What does it mean for church-state relations when the church steps into the shoes (or perhaps on the feet) of the government? And are alllevels of government on the same page when it comes to migration? These are just some of the questions that this book addresses. In a world in which migration is an omnipresent reality, these issues pervade national borders, ethnic divides, and physical barriers. These issues are shared among all nations and peoples of this world, and deserve utmost attention as geopolitical contours continue to evolve"--

This book explores the dynamic interaction of various, important actors in the realm of assisting unauthorized stayers (people who are deemed unwelcome by the central government). I dig into the fiery tensions between people of faith and different levels of government.
Abbreviations xi
Table of Cases
xiii
1 Introduction
1(16)
1 The Topic
1(3)
2 Country Selection
4(1)
3 Terminology
5(4)
4 The Central Question
9(1)
5 Methodology
10(2)
6 Structure
12(5)
PART 1 Faith-Based Organizations
1 Introduction to Part 1
17(11)
2 The American Case
28(27)
1 Introduction and
Chapter Structure
28(1)
2 Church Asylum in the United States
29(9)
2.1 Events Leading to the Birth of the Sanctuary Movement
29(1)
2.2 The Birth of the Sanctuary Movement
30(3)
2.3 The Government's Response to the Sanctuary Movement
33(4)
2.4 The Situation Today
37(1)
3 The Faith-Based Organizations
38(4)
3.1 Southside Presbyterian Church
39(1)
3.2 The Clerics of Saint Viator (or Viatorians)
39(1)
3.3 The Resurrection Project (TRP)
39(1)
3.4 Chicago Religious Task Force on Central America (CRTF)
40(1)
3.5 Wellington Avenue United Church of Christ (WAUCC)
40(1)
3.6 Lake Street Church of Evanston
41(1)
3.7 City Church Chicago (CCC)
41(1)
3.8 Lincoln United Methodist Church (LUMC)
41(1)
3.9 Lincoln Park Presbyterian Church (LPPC)
42(1)
4 Motivations and Limitations Relevant to the Decision-Making Process
42(10)
4.1 Motivations
43(5)
4.2 Limitations
48(3)
4.3 The Importance of Considering the Motivations and Limitations Holistically
51(1)
5 Conclusions
52(3)
3 The Dutch Case
55(37)
1 Introduction and
Chapter Structure
55(1)
2 Church Asylum in the Netherlands
56(15)
2.1 Conditions for Granting Church Asylum
56(2)
2.2 Church Asylum before the Aliens Act 2000
58(2)
2.3 Church Asylum (and More) after Promulgation of the Linking Act
60(11)
2.4 The Situation Late 2019
71(1)
3 The Faith-Based Organizations
71(6)
3.1 Vluchtelingen in de Knel
72(1)
3.2 VLotteam (Raft Team)
72(1)
3.3 Justice and Peace Netherlands
73(1)
3.4 Toevlucht (Refuge)
73(1)
3.5 Stem van de Goede Herder (Voice of the Good Shepherd)
73(1)
3.6 Roman Catholic Diocese of 's-Hertogenbosch
73(1)
3.7 Voile Evangelie Gemeenten Leiden (Full Gospel Church of Leiden)
74(1)
3.8 De Vuurhaard (The Hearth)
74(1)
3.9 Wereldhuis (Worldhouse)
75(1)
3.10 The Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PCN)
75(1)
3.11 Internationaal Netwerk van Lokale Initiatieven met Asielzoekers (INLIA) (International Network of Local Initiatives with Asylum Seekers)
76(1)
4 Motivations and Limitations Relevant to the Decision-Making Process
77(12)
4.1 Motivations
77(6)
4.2 Limitations
83(5)
4.3 The Importance of Considering the Motivations and Limitations Holistically
88(1)
5 Conclusions
89(3)
4 The American and Dutch Cases Compared
92(25)
1 Introduction and
Chapter Structure
92(1)
2 Models of Church--State Relations
92(4)
3 Disaggregation of Church and State
96(5)
3.1 Disaggregation of the State
96(3)
3.2 Disaggregation of the Church
99(2)
4 The Dynamic Nature of Church--State Relations
101(10)
4.1 Motivations
102(5)
4.2 Limitations
107(4)
5 Conclusions
111(6)
PART 2 Subfederal and Municipal Governments
1 Introduction to Part 2
117(9)
5 The Subfederal-Federal Divide in the United States
126(43)
1 Introduction and
Chapter Structure
126(3)
2 The Basics of Governance and Immigration in the United States
129(1)
3 The Development of the Conflict
130(20)
3.1 The Time before Defunding Litigation
131(12)
3.2 The Executive Branch Attempts to Defund Sanctuary Jurisdictions
143(1)
3.3 Sanctuary Jurisdictions Respond by Filing Suit
144(1)
3.4 The Executive Branch (Again) Attempts to Defund Sanctuary Jurisdictions
145(2)
3.5 Sanctuary Jurisdictions (Again) Respond by Filing Suit
147(1)
3.6 ICE and DOJ Team Up Against Sanctuary Jurisdictions
148(2)
3.7 Another Round of ICE Raids
150(1)
4 Arguments
150(16)
4.1 Arguments in Litigation
151(13)
4.2 Arguments outside of Litigation
164(2)
5 Conclusions
166(3)
6 The Municipal-Central Divide in the Netherlands
169(35)
1 Introduction and
Chapter Structure
169(1)
2 The Basics of Governance and Immigration in the Netherlands
170(2)
2.1 The National Level
170(1)
2.2 The Municipal Level and the VNG
170(2)
3 The Development of the Conflict: The Linking Act of 1998 to the LVV Scheme of 2018
172(19)
3.1 The Linking Act and Aliens Act 2000
172(1)
3.2 The VNG and Central Government's Agreement Granting a Pardon
173(2)
3.3 CEC v. the Netherlands
175(8)
3.4 The Central Appeals Tribunal Weighs In
183(1)
3.5 The Committee of Ministers'(In)Decision
184(2)
3.6 Landmark Decisions of November 2015
186(1)
3.7 The Central Government Cuts off Funding
187(1)
3.8 The VNG and Central Government Reach an Agreement: The LVV Scheme
188(2)
3.9 Summary
190(1)
4 Arguments
191(10)
4.1 The (Municipal) Duty of Care
191(3)
4.2 Duty to Maintain the Public Order
194(1)
4.3 Municipal Autonomy
195(1)
4.4 Legitimacy
196(2)
4.5 Christian Political Parties in the Netherlands
198(3)
5 Conclusions
201(3)
7 The American and Dutch Cases Compared
204(25)
1 Introduction and
Chapter Structure
204(1)
2 The Roles of Governments and Faith-Based Organizations
205(8)
2.1 The Subfederal and Municipal Governments
205(3)
2.2 Faith-Based Organizations
208(4)
2.3 Summary
212(1)
3 Arguments
213(8)
3.1 The Limited(?) Influence of Religious Arguments
213(3)
3.2 Supranational Law
216(1)
3.3 Substantive Arguments
217(3)
3.4 The Question of Jurisdiction
220(1)
4 Assistance Networks
221(4)
5 Conclusions
225(4)
PART 3 Conclusions and a New Framework of Resolution
8 Conclusions and a New Framework of Resolution
229(32)
1 Introduction and
Chapter Structure
229(2)
2 Conclusions on the Central Question and Sub-Questions
231(9)
2.1 Equality, Solidarity, and Liberty
232(2)
2.2 Visibility and Recognition of Christianity
234(2)
2.3 FBOS and Subfederal/Municipal Governments as Irregular Actors in Immigration
236(3)
2.4 Assistance as a Network Process
239(1)
3 Church--State Relations
240(1)
4 Frameworks of Resolution
241(17)
4.1 Introduction
241(1)
4.2 Existing Frameworks
241(5)
4.3 The Argument in Favor of a Specific Religious Freedom Guarantee
246(2)
4.4 The Argument against a Specific Religious Freedom Guarantee
248(4)
4.5 A Third Approach
252(2)
4.6 The Third Approach Applied
254(4)
5 Concluding Remarks
258(3)
Appendix 261(4)
Bibliography 265(8)
Index 273
Dr. Dzananovic completed his undergraduate studies (B.A. German and International Studies, 2011) and legal professional degree (J.D., 2014) in the United States, and defended his LL.M. (2014) and Ph.D. (2020) degrees at Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands.