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E-grāmata: Mike Meyers' Linux+ Certification Passport

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From the #1 Name in Professional Certification

Get on the fast track to becoming CompTIA Linux+ certified with this affordable, portable study tool. Inside, Linux expert Michael Jang guides you on your career path, providing expert tips and sound advice along the way. With an intensive focus on only what you need to know to pass the CompTIA Linux+ exam, this certification passport is your ticket to success on exam day.

Featuring:





Itineraries--List of official exam objectives covered ETAs--Amount of time needed to complete each lesson Travel Advisories--Expert advice on critical topics Local Lingo--Concise definitions of key terms and concepts Exam Tips--Common exam pitfalls and solutions Checkpoints--End-of-chapter questions, answers, and explanations Career Flight Path--Career options mapped out to maximize the return from your IT journey

Practice exam on CD powered by LearnKey
Acknowledgments xviii
Check-In xix
I Installing and Configuring Linux 1
1 Basic Installation
3
Objective 1.01 Determine Customer Needs
4
The History of Linux
4
What Applications Linux Can Include for Clients
5
What Server Services Can Be Installed
6
Selecting a Distribution
6
Objective 1.02 Identify Required Hardware
7
Basic Hardware
8
Required Space
8
Scalability
9
Objective 1.03 Understand That Linux Is Just the Kernel
9
Numbering Schemes
9
Upgrades
10
Custom Kernels
10
Objective 1.04 Determine the Appropriate Installation Method
11
Boot Method
11
Local Source
12
Network Source
13
Objective 1.05 Define Multimedia Options
14
Video
14
Sound
15
Codecs
16
Objective 1.06 Identify Machine Requirements
16
Packages and Package Groups
16
Appliance
18
Functional Server
18
Desktop
19
CHECKPOINT
19
REVIEW QUESTIONS
20
REVIEW ANSWERS
22
2 Configuring During and After Installation
23
Objective 2.01 Select Appropriate Parameters for Installation
24
Language
25
Keyboard
26
Pointing Device
26
Time Zone
27
Objective 2.02 Partition with fdisk and More
27
Appropriate Directories for Dedicated Partitions
27
RAID Configuration
28
RAID 0
29
RAID 1
29
RAID 4
29
RAID 5
29
RAID 6
30
Logical Volume Management Configuration
30
Other Partition Management Tools
31
Objective 2.03 Configure a Filesystem
31
Standard Linux Filesystems
31
Other Filesystems
33
Objective 2.04 Understand and Reinstall a Boot Manager
33
The Linux Loader (LILO)
34
The Grand Unified Bootloader (GRUB)
35
Other Bootloaders
37
Objective 2.05 Identify Network Configuration Issues
37
Network Fundamentals
37
IP Addresses
38
Connecting to a LAN
39
Connecting via Telephone Modem
40
The Internet Super Server
41
Objective 2.06 Configure Peripherals as Needed
41
Printers
41
Scanners
42
Other Devices
42
Objective 2.07 Perform Post-Installation Package Management
42
Installing New RPM Packages
43
Upgrading RPM Packages
43
Installing from a Compressed Tarball
44
CHECKPOINT
45
REVIEW QUESTIONS
46
REVIEW ANSWERS
48
II Managing Linux Users, Files, Packages, Processes, and Services 49
3 Managing Files and Directories
51
Objective 3.01 Work with Files and Directories
52
Basic Navigation
53
The Tilde (~)
53
Directories as a Dot Hand a Double Dot(..)
53
Hidden Files
53
Wildcards
54
The PATH
54
Paths
55
pwd
55
cd
56
Is
56
Finding More with whereis
56
Using the find and locate Commands
57
find
57
locate
59
Searching with grep
59
Comparing with diff
59
Objective 3.02 Create Files and Directories
60
Creating Files with touch
60
Creating Files with cp
60
Modifying Filenames with my
61
Deleting Files with rm
61
Creating and Removing Directories with mkdir and rmdir
62
Objective 3.03 Manage Text Files
63
File Reading Commands
63
file
63
cat
64
head and tail
64
more and less
64
The Stream Editor, sed
65
The awk Text Manipulation Tool
65
The Visual Editor
65
vi Command Mode
66
Basic Text Editing
67
Objective 3.04 Create Linked Files
68
Hard Links
68
Soft Links
68
Objective 3.05 Modify Ownership and Permissions
69
File Ownership
69
Changing Ownership with chown and chgrp
70
Defining Permissions, Octally
71
Permissions on a Soft Link
71
Permissions on a Hard Link
72
Changing Permissions with chmod
72
The SUID, SLID, and Sticky Bits
73
The SUID Bit
73
The SLID Bit
74
The Sticky Bit
74
Defining Default Permissions with umask
74
Objective 3.06 Shell Command Management
75
Standard Output
75
Standard Input
76
Error Output
76
Quotes in the Shell
76
Interactivity
78
Command Completion
79
Escaping Special Characters
79
Objective 3.07 Create, Modify, and Run Basic Scripts
80
Shell Script Examples
80
Making a Shell Script Executable
81
CHECKPOINT
81
REVIEW QUESTIONS
82
REVIEW ANSWERS
84
4 Media, Process, and Package Management
87
Objective 4.01 Manage Storage Devices and Filesystems
88
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
88
Configuring with fdisk
90
Checking with fsck
91
Formatting with mkfs
92
Tuning with tune2fs
93
Objective 4.02 Mount Locally and Remotely
93
Mounting on Your Own
94
Mounting a Shared NFS Directory
94
Mounting a Shared Samba/CIFS Directory
94
Objective 4.03 Back Up and Restore Data
95
Tape Archives and Compression with tar
95
Input and Output with cpio
96
Objective 4.04 Use Recordable Media
96
Mounting Devices
97
Writing to CD/DVDs
98
Objective 4.05 Manage Runlevels
99
The Boot Process
99
Setting the Default Runlevel
100
Changing Runlevels
101
Services in Each Runlevel
101
Other Initialization Scripts
101
Objective 4.06 Learn Process Management
101
Process Collections with ps
101
Core Kernel and init Processes
102
Stopping and Restarting a Job
103
Load Monitoring with top
105
Listing Open Files with Isof
105
Changing Job Priorities
106
Running Jobs in the Background: &, bg, jobs, fg
106
nice and renice
106
Objective 4.07 Identify Package Problems and Solve with Updates
107
Importing the Keyfile
107
Identifying a Problem
108
Dependency Resolution
108
Package Updates
110
CHECKPOINT
110
REVIEW QUESTIONS
111
REVIEW ANSWERS
113
5 User and Service Management
115
Objective 5.01 Understand Network Troubleshooting
116
Confirming Connectivity with ping
116
Reviewing Network Connections with netstat
117
Tracing a Network Path with traceroute
118
Objective 5.02 Administer with Remote Management Tools
119
The "r" Commands
120
The Secure Shell
121
Objective 5.03 Configure Printer Systems
122
The Line Printer Daemon
122
The Common Unix Printing System
123
Running a Print Job
124
Checking Print Queues and Spools
124
Removing Print Jobs
125
Objective 5.04 Control Mail Servers
126
Basic sendmail
126
Basic Postfix
127
Objective 5.05 Understand Text-based Mail Clients
127
The mail Client
127
The mutt Client
128
Objective 5.06 Administrative Job Management
129
Standard and User cron Jobs
129
Creating an at Job
131
Objective 5.07 Manage User Accounts
132
User and Group Configuration Files
132
Adding User Accounts in Configuration Files
134
Adding Users and Groups from the Command Line
135
User and Group Management Commands
135
usermod
136
chage
136
groupmod
136
Managing Users and Groups with Quotas
137
Objective 5.08 Configure the Network Information Service
138
Basic NIS Client Configuration
138
NIS Commands
138
Common File Management
139
CHECKPOINT
140
REVIEW QUESTIONS
140
REVIEW ANSWERS
142
III Configuring Linux Clients and Servers 145
6 Basic Client Configuration
147
Objective 6.01 Set Up Environment Variables
148
Objective 6.02 Configure Mounted Directories
149
Editing /etc/fstab
150
Configuring Local Mounts in /etc/fstab
153
Configuring Network Mounts in /etc/fstab
154
/etc/mtab
155
Objective 6.03 Work Client Network Settings
155
Network Client Commands
155
Network Client Configuration Files
157
Objective 6.04 Manage a Network Card
158
Running ifconfig
158
Associated Configuration Files
159
Dynamic IP Configuration
161
Objective 6.05 Implement Name Resolution
161
/etc/hosts
162
Name Resolution Order
162
Remote DNS Services
163
Testing DNS Databases
163
Objective 6.06 Work with Log Files
165
As Defined in /etc/syslog.conf
165
Logs in the /var/log Directory
167
Log Rotation
168
Set Up Remote Logging
169
Objective 6.07 Use Makefiles
169
Compiling Drivers and Other Packages
170
Compiling a Kernel
170
Objective 6.08 Configure the X Window System
171
The X Window Server, Old and New
171
Different Meanings for Client and Server
172
X Window Configuration Tools
172
The X Window Configuration File
174
X Window Management
174
Configuring the X Window System from the Command Line
174
CHECKPOINT
175
REVIEW QUESTIONS
176
REVIEW ANSWERS
178
7 Basic Server Configuration
181
Objective 7.01 Implement Basic Routing and Subnetting
182
Managing Routing Tables
182
IP Forwarding
183
IP Masquerading
184
Objective 7.02 Configure Basic Network Server Services
186
Domain Name Service
186
Forwarding DNS Server
187
Caching-only DNS Server
187
Slave Name Server
188
Master DNS Server
189
DNS Data Files
189
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
190
Squid
191
Objective 7.03 Configure Samba
192
The Basic Configuration File
193
Stanzas and Directives
194
Samba Configuration Commands
195
Objective 7.04 Configure Apache
197
The Structure of Apache Directories
197
Associated Configuration Files
198
Global Environment
199
Main Server Configuration
200
Virtual Hosts
200
Control Through .htaccess
201
Apache Command Controls
201
Objective 7.05 Set Up Linux Print Services
202
The Line Printer, Next Generation Service
202
The Common Unix Printing System
203
CUPS Configuration Files
204
The cupsd.conf Configuration File
204
CUPS Service Control Commands
206
Sharing Printers with Samba
206
Objective 7.06 Apply Basic Printer Permissions
208
Limiting Access by Address
208
Limiting Access by User
208
CHECKPOINT
209
REVIEW QUESTIONS
210
REVIEW ANSWERS
212
IV Securing Accounts and Services 215
8 Security and Users
217
Objective 8.01 Manage User Accounts
218
Deactivating Accounts
218
Deleting Accounts While Keeping the Data
220
Deactivating Regular Accounts
221
Changing Groups
221
Objective 8.02 Control Administrative Accounts
222
Regular and Administrative Accounts
223
Temporary Administrative Access with su
223
Administrative Privileges with sudo
224
Objective 8.03 Set Up Security Environment Files
225
Users as Administrators in /etc/sudoers
225
Secure Shell Limits
226
Pluggable Authentication Module User Limits
228
FTP Access with ftpusers
230
Server Limits with /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny
231
Objective 8.04 Work with Special File Permissions
232
Identifying Files with Specialized Permissions
233
Preventing Specialized Permissions
233
Immutability Protects Files
234
Special Group Directories
235
Objective 8.05 Configure Password Policies
236
The Shadow Password Suite
236
Password Aging
237
Account Aging
237
PAM and Password Complexity
238
Objective 8.06 Promote User-level Security
239
Login Limits
239
Memory Usage and Process Limits with ulimit
241
CHECKPOINT
242
REVIEW QUESTIONS
243
REVIEW ANSWERS
245
9 System Security
247
Objective 9.01 Configure Encryption
248
Shadow Passwords
249
Password Strength
250
Disk Encryption
250
Other Encryption Schemes
250
Objective 9.02 Detect Intrusion Attempts
252
Logging Logins
252
Other Log Files
253
The w and who Commands
253
Checking Up on Users with last and utmpdump
254
Objective 9.03 Understand Intrusion Detection Systems
255
Snort
256
PortSentry
256
Command-line Monitoring
257
Objective 9.04 Decipher Basic Firewall Configurations
258
Common Ports
259
Configuring iptables
260
Objective 9.05 Audit Key Security Files
264
Security-related /etc/ Configuration Files
264
The Internet Super Server
264
Security Logs
266
Other Security Configuration Issues
266
Objective 9.06 Identify File Corruption
267
Verifying with rpm
267
Running Tripwire
268
Checking Download Integrity
268
CHECKPOINT
269
REVIEW QUESTIONS
270
REVIEW ANSWERS
271
V An Overview of Linux Documentation 273
10 Documentation and Configuration
275
Objective 10.01 Document a System Performance Baseline
276
Display Linux Performance with top
276
System Activity Reports with sar
277
Memory Statistics with vmstat
278
Review the Process Tree with pstree
278
Objective 10.02 Create Installation, Configuration, and Security Management Procedures
280
Document the Installation Configuration
280
Back Up Configuration Files
280
Set Up Security Procedures
281
Objective 10.03 Document the Installed Configuration
281
Find the Package List
281
Document Compiled Package Options
284
Documented Hardware
284
Set Up Consistent Networking
285
Create Maintenance Procedures
285
When to Update the Kernel
285
Objective 10.04 Troubleshoot System and Application Errors with Logs
286
Monitoring Logs with head and tail
286
Searching Through Logs with grep
286
Objective 10.05 Access System Documentation
287
Command Manuals
287
Package Documentation
288
Online Documentation
289
Licensing
289
CHECKPOINT
290
REVIEW QUESTIONS
290
REVIEW ANSWERS
292
VI Hardware Issues 295
11 Hardware on Linux
297
Objective 11.01 Describe Common Hardware Components
298
Connectors
298
Basic Hardware Channels
299
Interrupt Requests
299
Input/Output Addresses
299
Serial and COM Ports
300
Parallel (LPT) Ports
300
ISA Cards
300
PCI Cards
301
Graphics Cards
302
Module Management
302
Ismod
302
insmod, rmmod, and modprobe
303
Hardware Compatibility Lists
303
Objective 11.02 Diagnose Hardware Issues
304
Hardware Detected in /proc
304
Using Disk Utilities
304
Using a Live CD as a Rescue Disk
305
Network Hardware
306
Hardware Detection Commands
307
Reviewing Device Files
307
Reviewing dmesg Output
308
Kernel Hardware Boot Parameters
309
Objective 11.03 Understand Hardware Power Management
310
Working with Advanced Power Management
310
Managing the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
311
Objective 11.04 Identify and Configure Removable System Hardware
311
PC Cards
312
USB Devices
312
IEEE 1394 Devices
312
Objective 11.05 Identify and Configure Mass Storage Devices
313
Hard Drives
313
Traditional Internal PC Drives
313
SATA Drives
314
SCSI Drives
315
External Hard Drives
315
Floppy Drives
315
Tape Drives
315
Flash Memory Devices
316
CD/DVD Drives
316
CHECKPOINT
316
REVIEW QUESTIONS
317
REVIEW ANSWERS
319
VII Appendixes 321
A About the CD-ROM
323
Mike Meyers' Certification Passport CD-ROM Instructions
323
System Requirements
323
Installing and Running Wine
323
Installing and Running Master Exam
324
Master Exam
327
Help
328
Removing an Installation
328
Learn Key Technical Support
328
Content Support
328
B Career Flight Path
329
Red Hat Certifications
329
Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT)
329
Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE)
330
Red Hat Certified Security Specialist (RHCSS)
330
Red Hat Certified Datacenter Specialist (RHCDS)
330
Red Hat Certified Architect (RHCA)
331
Novell/SUSE Certifications
331
Novell Certified Linux Professional (CLP)
332
Novell Certified Linux Engineer (CLE)
332
Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
332
LPI Level 1
333
LPI Level 2
333
LPI Level 3
333
C Installing CentOS-5, Step by Step
335
Download CentOS-5
335
Install CentOS-5
336
D Testing Linux with VMware
343
Acquiring VMware Server
344
Installing VMware Server on Microsoft Windows
345
Installing VMware Server on Ubuntu Dapper Drake
346
Preparing VMware for Linux Installation
348
VMware Snapshots
352
Glossary 353
Index 377


Michael Jang, (RHCE, LPIC-2, UCP, Linux+, MCP), author of the popular RHCE Red Hat Certified Engineer Linux Study Guide (Exam RH302) and about 20 other professional technology titles, is currently a full-time writer, specializing in operating systems and networks. His experience with computers goes back to the days of jumbled punch cards. He has written other books on Linux certification, including LPIC-1 in Depth, Mike Meyers Linux+ Certification Passport, and Sair GNU/Linux Installation and Configuration Exam Cram. His other Linux books include Linux Annoyances for Geeks, Linux Patch Management, and Mastering Fedora Core Linux 5. He has also written or contributed to books on Microsoft operating systems, including MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows 98 and Mastering Windows XP Professional, Second Edition.