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E-grāmata: Military Laser Technology for Defense - Technology for Revolutionizing 21st Century Warfare: Technology for Revolutionizing 21st Century Warfare [Wiley Online]

(Wright State University)
  • Formāts: 336 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-May-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Interscience
  • ISBN-10: 1118019555
  • ISBN-13: 9781118019559
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  • Wiley Online
  • Cena: 94,67 €*
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Military Laser Technology for Defense - Technology for Revolutionizing 21st Century Warfare: Technology for Revolutionizing 21st Century WarfarePalielināt
  • Formāts: 336 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-May-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Interscience
  • ISBN-10: 1118019555
  • ISBN-13: 9781118019559
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Wiley Online E-booksMore info about Wiley Online
Rokasgrāmatas mājas lapa: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118019559
Lasers in War will provide the basic konwledge to create, design, and implement laser systems for the battlefield, including only unclassified or declassified information. The first three parts of the book provide background material: optics and lasers for war; propagation of laser light in the atmosphere; and propagation of laser light in fiber and optical waveguides. The nest three parts describe military systems involving propagation through the atmosphere: weapons damage systems military systems for information communication; and military systems for sensing. The last part describes military systems involving propagation through optical fiber.

This book is timely, as conflicts of late have accelerated progress in military laser system development.  Laser weapons are not only effective for directed energy destruction but also for use against personnel by blinding, for countermeasures against heat seeking IR missiles, and for applications in space where communication and GPS satellites need protection. Practical concerns and limits of laser technology will be addressed in each area of application.

Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
About The Author xvii
I OPTICS TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE SYSTEMS
1(124)
1 Optical Rays
3(17)
1.1 Paraxial Optics
4(1)
1.2 Geometric or Ray Optics
5(5)
1.2.1 Fermat's Principle
5(1)
1.2.2 Fermat's Principle Proves Snell's Law for Refraction
5(1)
1.2.3 Limits of Geometric Optics or Ray Theory
6(1)
1.2.4 Fermat's Principle Derives Ray Equation
6(2)
1.2.5 Useful Applications of the Ray Equation
8(1)
1.2.6 Matrix Representation for Geometric Optics
9(1)
1.3 Optics for Launching and Receiving Beams
10(10)
1.3.1 Imaging with a Single Thin Lens
10(3)
1.3.2 Beam Expanders
13(1)
1.3.3 Beam Compressors
14(1)
1.3.4 Telescopes
14(3)
1.3.5 Microscopes
17(1)
1.3.6 Spatial Filters
18(2)
2 Gaussian Beams And Polarization
20(18)
2.1 Gaussian Beams
20(9)
2.1.1 Description of Gaussian Beams
21(3)
2.1.2 Gaussian Beam with ABCD Law
24(2)
2.1.3 Forming and Receiving Gaussian Beams with Lenses
26(3)
2.2 Polarization
29(9)
2.2.1 Wave Plates or Phase Retarders
31(2)
2.2.2 Stokes Parameters
33(1)
2.2.3 Poincare Sphere
34(1)
2.2.4 Finding Point on Poincare Sphere and Elliptical Polarization from Stokes Parameters
35(1)
2.2.5 Controlling Polarization
36(2)
3 Optical Diffraction
38(23)
3.1 Introduction to Diffraction
38(4)
3.1.1 Description of Diffraction
39(1)
3.1.2 Review of Fourier Transforms
40(2)
3.2 Uncertainty Principle for Fourier Transforms
42(5)
3.2.1 Uncertainty Principle for Fourier Transforms in Time
42(3)
3.2.2 Uncertainty Principle for Fourier Transforms in Space
45(2)
3.3 Scalar Diffraction
47(9)
3.3.1 Preliminaries: Green's Function and Theorem
48(1)
3.3.2 Field at a Point due to Field on a Boundary
48(2)
3.3.3 Diffraction from an Aperture
50(1)
3.3.4 Fresnel Approximation
51(3)
3.3.5 Fraunhofer Approximation
54(2)
3.3.6 Role of Numerical Computation
56(1)
3.4 Diffraction-Limited Imaging
56(5)
3.4.1 Intuitive Effect of Aperture in Imaging System
56(1)
3.4.2 Computing the Diffraction Effect of a Lens Aperture on Imaging
57(4)
4 Diffractive Optical Elements
61(16)
4.1 Applications of DOEs
62(1)
4.2 Diffraction Gratings
62(5)
4.2.1 Bending Light with Diffraction Gratings and Grating Equation
63(1)
4.2.2 Cosinusoidal Grating
64(2)
4.2.3 Performance of Grating
66(1)
4.3 Zone Plate Design and Simulation
67(6)
4.3.1 Appearance and Focusing of Zone Plate
67(1)
4.3.2 Zone Plate Computation for Design and Simulation
68(5)
4.4 Gerchberg-Saxton Algorithm for Design of DOEs
73(4)
4.4.1 Goal of Gerchberg-Saxton Algorithm
73(1)
4.4.2 Inverse Problem for Diffractive Optical Elements
73(1)
4.4.3 Gerchberg-Saxton Algorithm for Forward Computation
74(1)
4.4.4 Gerchberg-Saxton Inverse Algorithm for Designing a Phase-Only Filter or DOE
74(3)
5 Propagation And Compensation For Atmospheric Turbulence
77(22)
5.1 Statistics Involved
78(4)
5.1.1 Ergodicity
79(1)
5.1.2 Locally Homogeneous Random Field Structure Function
80(1)
5.1.3 Spatial Power Spectrum of Structure Function
80(2)
5.2 Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere
82(4)
5.2.1 Kolmogorov's Energy Cascade Theory
83(2)
5.2.2 Power Spectrum Models for Refractive Index in Optical Turbulence
85(1)
5.2.3 Atmospheric Temporal Statistics
86(1)
5.2.4 Long-Distance Turbulence Models
86(1)
5.3 Adaptive Optics
86(3)
5.3.1 Devices and Systems for Adaptive Optics
86(3)
5.4 Computation of Laser Light Through Atmospheric Turbulence
89(10)
5.4.1 Layered Model of Propagation Through Turbulent Atmosphere
90(2)
5.4.2 Generation of Kolmogorov Phase Screens by the Spectral Method
92(2)
5.4.3 Generation of Kolmogorov Phase Screens from Covariance Using Structure Functions
94(5)
6 Optical Interferometers And Oscillators
99(26)
6.1 Optical Interferometers
100(9)
6.1.1 Michelson Interferometer
101(4)
6.1.2 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
105(3)
6.1.3 Optical Fiber Sagnac Interferometer
108(1)
6.2 Fabry-Perot Resonators
109(7)
6.2.1 Fabry-Perot Principles and Equations
110(1)
6.2.2 Fabry-Perot Equations
110(6)
6.2.3 Piezoelectric Tuning of Fabry-Perot Tuners
116(1)
6.3 Thin-Film Interferometric Filters and Dielectric Mirrors
116(9)
6.3.1 Applications for Thin Films
117(1)
6.3.2 Forward Computation Through Thin-Film Layers with Matrix Method
118(4)
6.3.3 Inverse Problem of Computing Parameters for Layers
122(3)
II LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE SYSTEMS
125(80)
7 Principles For Bound Electron State Lasers
127(16)
7.1 Laser Generation of Bound Electron State Coherent Radiation
128(5)
7.1.1 Advantages of Coherent Light from a Laser
128(1)
7.1.2 Basic Light-Matter Interaction Theory for Generating Coherent Light
129(4)
7.2 Semiconductor Laser Diodes
133(7)
7.2.1 p-n Junction
133(3)
7.2.2 Semiconductor Laser Diode Gain
136(3)
7.2.3 Semiconductor Laser Dynamics
139(1)
7.2.4 Semiconductor Arrays for High Power
140(1)
7.3 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
140(3)
8 Power Lasers
143(22)
8.1 Characteristics
144(4)
8.1.1 Wavelength
144(1)
8.1.2 Beam Quality
144(1)
8.1.3 Power
145(1)
8.1.4 Methods of Pumping
146(1)
8.1.5 Materials for Use with High-Power Lasers
147(1)
8.2 Solid-State Lasers
148(10)
8.2.1 Principles of Solid-State Lasers
148(2)
8.2.2 Frequency Doubling in Solid State Lasers
150(8)
8.3 Powerful Gas Lasers
158(7)
8.3.1 Gas Dynamic Carbon Dioxide Power Lasers
158(2)
8.3.2 COIL System
160(5)
9 Pulsed High Peak Power Lasers
165(12)
9.1 Situations in which Pulsed Lasers may be Preferable
165(2)
9.2 Mode-Locked Lasers
167(3)
9.2.1 Mode-Locking Lasers
167(2)
9.2.2 Methods of Implementing Mode Locking
169(1)
9.3 Q-Switched Lasers
170(1)
9.4 Space and Time Focusing of Laser Light
171(6)
9.4.1 Space Focusing with Arrays and Beamforming
171(2)
9.4.2 Concentrating Light Simultaneously in Time and Space
173(4)
10 Ultrahigh-Power Cyclotron Masers/Lasers
177(14)
10.1 Introduction to Cyclotron or Gyro Lasers and Masers
178(1)
10.1.1 Stimulated Emission in an Electron Cyclotron
178(1)
10.2 Gyrotron-Type Lasers and Masers
179(5)
10.2.1 Principles of Electron Cyclotron Oscillators and Amplifiers
180(2)
10.2.2 Gyrotron Operating Point and Structure
182(2)
10.3 Vircator Impulse Source
184(7)
10.3.1 Rationale for Considering the Vircator
184(1)
10.3.2 Structure and Operation of Vircator
184(2)
10.3.3 Selecting Frequency of Microwave Emission from a Vircator
186(1)
10.3.4 Marx Generator
186(2)
10.3.5 Demonstration Unit of Marx Generator Driving a Vircator
188(3)
11 Free-Electron Laser/Maser
191(14)
11.1 Significance and Principles of Free-Electron Laser/Maser
192(1)
11.1.1 Significance of Free-Electron Laser/Maser
192(1)
11.1.2 Principles of Free-Electron Laser/Maser
192(1)
11.2 Explanation of Free-Electron Laser Operation
193(6)
11.2.1 Wavelength Versatility for Free-Electron Laser
194(3)
11.2.2 Electron Bunching for Stimulated Emission in Free-Electron Laser
197(2)
11.3 Description of High- and Low-Power Demonstrations
199(6)
11.3.1 Proposed Airborne Free-Electron Laser
199(1)
11.3.2 Demonstration of Low-Power System for Free-Electron Maser at 8-12 GHz
200(1)
11.3.3 Achieving Low Frequencies with FELs
200(3)
11.3.4 Range of Tuning
203(1)
11.3.5 Design of Magnetic Wiggler
203(2)
III APPLICATIONS TO PROTECT AGAINST MILITARY THREATS
205(84)
12 Laser Protection From Missiles
207(24)
12.1 Protecting from Missiles and Nuclear-Tipped ICBMs
208(4)
12.1.1 Introducing Lasers to Protect from Missiles
208(1)
12.1.2 Protecting from Nuclear-Tipped ICBMs
209(3)
12.2 The Airborne Laser Program for Protecting from ICBMs
212(11)
12.2.1 Lasers in Airborne Laser
212(1)
12.2.2 Incorporating Adaptive Optics for Main Beam Cleanup into Airborne Laser
213(2)
12.2.3 Incorporating Adaptive Optics to Compensate for Atmospheric Turbulence in ABL
215(1)
12.2.4 Illuminating Lasers for Selecting Target Aim Point
215(2)
12.2.5 Nose Turret
217(1)
12.2.6 Challenges Encountered in the ABL Program
217(2)
12.2.7 Modeling Adaptive Optics and Tracking for Airborne Laser
219(4)
12.3 Protecting from Homing Missiles
223(5)
12.3.1 Threat to Aircraft from Homing Missiles
223(1)
12.3.2 Overview of On-Aircraft Laser Countermeasure System
224(3)
12.3.3 Operation of Countermeasure Subsystems
227(1)
12.3.4 Protecting Aircraft from Ground-Based Missiles
228(1)
12.4 Protecting Assets from Missiles
228(3)
13 Laser To Address Threat Of New Nuclear Weapons
231(6)
13.1 Laser Solution to Nuclear Weapons Threat
231(2)
13.1.1 Main Purpose of U.S. and International Efforts
231(1)
13.1.2 Benefits of Massive Laser Project
232(1)
13.1.3 About the NIF Laser
232(1)
13.2 Description of National Infrastructure Laser
233(4)
13.2.1 Structure of the NIF Laser
233(4)
14 Protecting Assets From Directed Energy Lasers
237(14)
14.1 Laser Characteristics Estimated by Laser Warning Device
238(1)
14.2 Laser Warning Devices
239(12)
14.2.1 Grating for Simultaneously Estimating Direction and Frequency
240(2)
14.2.2 Lens for Estimating Direction Only
242(1)
14.2.3 Fizeau Interferometer
243(2)
14.2.4 Integrated Array Waveguide Grating Optic Chip for Spectrum Analysis
245(4)
14.2.5 Design of AWG for Laser Weapons
249(2)
15 Lidar Protects From Chemical/Biological Weapons
251(14)
15.1 Introduction to Lidar and Military Applications
252(1)
15.1.1 Other Military Applications for Lidar
252(1)
15.2 Description of Typical Lidar System
253(4)
15.2.1 Laser
253(1)
15.2.2 Cassegrain Transmit/Receive Antennas
254(1)
15.2.3 Receiver Optics and Detector
254(1)
15.2.4 Lidar Equation
255(2)
15.3 Spectrometers
257(5)
15.3.1 Fabry-Perot-Based Laboratory Optical Spectrum Analyzer
258(1)
15.3.2 Diffraction-Based Spectrometer
258(2)
15.3.3 Grating Operation in Spectrometer
260(1)
15.3.4 Grating Efficiency
261(1)
15.4 Spectroscopic Lidar Senses Chemical Weapons
262(3)
15.4.1 Transmission Detection of Chemical and Biological Materials
262(1)
15.4.2 Scattering Detection of Chemical and Bacteriological Weapons Using Lidar
263(2)
16 94 Ghz Radar Detects/Tracks/Identifies Objects In Bad Weather
265(12)
16.1 Propagation of Electromagnetic Radiation Through Atmosphere
266(1)
16.2 High-Resolution Inclement Weather 94 GHz Radar
267(7)
16.2.1 94 GHz Radar System Description
267(2)
16.2.2 Gyroklystron with Quasi-Optical Resonator
269(2)
16.2.3 Overmoded Low 94 GHz Loss Transmission Line from Gyroklystron to Antenna
271(1)
16.2.4 Quasi-Optical Duplexer
272(1)
16.2.5 Antenna
273(1)
16.2.6 Data Processing and Performance
273(1)
16.3 Applications, Monitoring Space, High Doppler, and Low Sea Elevation
274(3)
16.3.1 Monitoring Satellites in Low Earth Orbit
274(1)
16.3.2 Problem of Detecting and Tracking Lower Earth Orbit Debris
275(1)
16.3.3 Doppler Detection and Identification
276(1)
16.3.4 Low Elevation Radar at Sea
276(1)
17 Protecting From Terrorists With W-Band
277(12)
17.1 Nonlethal Crowd Control with Active Denial System
278(1)
17.2 Body Scanning for Hidden Weapons
279(3)
17.3 Inspecting Unopened Packages
282(2)
17.3.1 Principles for Proposed Unopened Package Inspection
283(1)
17.4 Destruction and Protection of Electronics
284(5)
17.4.1 Interfering or Destroying Enemy Electronics
285(1)
17.4.2 Protecting Electronics from Electromagnetic Destruction
286(3)
Bibliography 289(10)
Index 299
ALASTAIR D. McAULAY, PHD, is Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Lehigh University.Previously he was NCR professor and chairman of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Wright State University and program manager in the Central Research Laboratories of Texas Instruments. He has published more than 150 papers and his book Optical Computer Architectures, published by Wiley in 1991, has been used for courses around the world and reprinted several times.

Contact the author at www.linkedin.com/in/alastairmcaulay
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781118019559_pe.html
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