Millets are low cost cereal grains and widely used in the food industry and animal husbandry as an important source of food and feed. As a rich source of starch, protein, minerals, vitamins, and specific bioactive compounds that contain beneficial antioxidant properties, they have gained considerable attention as a botanical dietary supplement and various functional foods.
Millets: Properties, Processing, and Health Benefits explores millet production, chemistry and nutritional aspects, processing technologies, product formulations, and more. Understanding the properties of millets provides a basis for better utilizing millet crops, in addition to further development of millets as an important industrial crop.
Key Features:
Provides millet taxonomy, history, nutritional aspects, and health benefits
Discusses the physical and functional properties of millets
Explores various millet-based products
Deals with starch composition, structure, properties, and applications
Touches on postharvest management of millets
This book combines information on the composition, functional properties and processing along with information on the health properties of millets. With its unique presentation on millets flour and starch, it will be suitable for those wanting to use millets in various food products, including food technologists, nutritionists, research scientists, and agriculture professionals.
| Preface |
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xi | |
| Authors |
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xiii | |
| List of Abbreviations |
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xv | |
| 1 Millet Grains: Taxonomy, History, and Nutritional Approach |
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1 | (26) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (3) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.5 Plant Description and Growth and Environmental Conditions |
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5 | (6) |
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1.6 Structure of Millet Grains |
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11 | (2) |
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1.7 Nutritional Composition |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (9) |
| 2 Effect of Processing on Millet Properties |
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27 | (26) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.2 Effect of Processing on Nutritional Quality |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (4) |
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2.4 Decortication/Dehulling |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (10) |
| 3 Physical and Functional Properties of Millets |
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53 | (22) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (5) |
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59 | (1) |
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3.4 Functional Properties |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (3) |
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3.8 Importance of Physical and Functional Properties |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (7) |
| 4 Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits |
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75 | (24) |
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75 | (1) |
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4.2 Nutritional Composition |
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76 | (8) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Minerals and Vitamins |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (2) |
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4.2.6 Bioactive Compounds |
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82 | (2) |
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4.3 Health Benefits of Millets |
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84 | (5) |
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4.3.1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease |
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84 | (3) |
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4.3.2 Antimicrobial Potential |
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87 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Bone Health and DNA Damage Protection |
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87 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Other Health Benefits |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (10) |
| 5 Millet Starch: Pasting, Rheological, and Morphological Properties |
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99 | (30) |
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99 | (2) |
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5.2 Starch Isolation Method |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (3) |
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104 | (1) |
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5.5 Physicochemical Properties |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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5.10 Rheological Properties |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (1) |
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5.12 Morphological Properties |
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115 | (2) |
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5.13 Digestibility Properties |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (10) |
| 6 Impact of Modification on Starch Properties |
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129 | (42) |
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129 | (1) |
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6.2 Physical Modification |
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130 | (12) |
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6.2.1 Heat Moisture Treatment |
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130 | (5) |
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135 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Microwave Treatment |
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136 | (2) |
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6.2.4 High-Pressure Processing |
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138 | (2) |
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6.2.5 Sonication Treatment |
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140 | (2) |
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6.3 Chemical Modification |
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142 | (13) |
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144 | (3) |
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147 | (3) |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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6.4 Enzymatic Modification |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (15) |
| 7 Bioactive Compounds of Millets |
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171 | (26) |
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171 | (1) |
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7.2 Bioactive Compounds and Oxidative Stress |
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172 | (1) |
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7.3 Bioactive Compounds in Millets |
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173 | (2) |
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7.4 Extraction of Bioactive Compounds |
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175 | (3) |
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7.4.1 Quantification of Bioactive Compounds |
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178 | (1) |
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7.5 Identification Methods |
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178 | (4) |
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7.5.1 Thin Layer Chromatography |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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7.5.3 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography |
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181 | (1) |
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7.5.4 High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography (HSCCC) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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7.6 Effect of Processing on Millet Phenolics |
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182 | (3) |
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7.6.1 Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (11) |
| 8 Millet-Based Food Products |
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197 | (24) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (5) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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8.4 Popped/Puffed Millets |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (3) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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8.7 Alcoholic and Non-alcoholic Beverages |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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8.10 Non-Dairy Probiotic Beverage |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (9) |
| 9 Millet Diseases and Their Control |
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221 | (23) |
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221 | (2) |
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9.2 Fungal Diseases in Millets |
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223 | (8) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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9.2.7 Seedling Blight and Leaf Blight |
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231 | (1) |
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9.3 Bacterial Diseases in Millets |
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231 | (2) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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9.4 Viral Diseases in Millets |
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233 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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9.5 Pre- and Postharvest Management |
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235 | (7) |
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9.5.1 Preparation of Land |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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9.5.5 Manures and Fertilization |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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9.5.10 Inspection and Crop Certification |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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9.5.15 Storage and Assessment of Crop Loss |
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242 | (1) |
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9.6 Host Plant Resistance |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
| References |
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244 | (7) |
| Index |
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251 | |
Anil Kumar Siroha, Ph.D. is presently working as Assistant Professor (C) in the Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa. He has both masters and doctorate degrees in Food Science and Technology. His area of interests includes starch, starch modification and development of new products. He has published more than 20 research papers in national and international journals and several book chapters.
Dr. Siroha edited a book entitled "Pearl millet: properties, functionality and applications". He also serves as a reviewer for various national and international journals. He is active member of Association of Food Scientists and Technologists (AFSTI), Mysore, India.
Sneh Punia, Ph.D. is presently working as Assistant Professor (C) in the Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa. Dr. Punia is involved in the mandated research activities of institution and has expertise on extraction and functional characterization of antioxidants, starch, their modifications and functional products.
She has presented her research in various national and international conferences and publishes more than 50 research papers/book chapters in national and international journals/books. Dr. Punia has published two edited and one authored book with CRC Taylor and Francis Group. She also serves as the reviewer for various international journals. Dr. Punia received her M.Sc. and doctorate degree in Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana (India).
Sukhvinder Singh Purewal, Ph.D. is presently working as Young Scientist, Department of Science and Technology (SYST Scheme) in Department of Food Science & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda. His area of interests includes solid state fermentation, bioactive compounds from natural resources, antioxidants and food biotechnology. He has published more than 15 research papers in Journals of International repute.
He has also worked on a UGC, Delhi sponsored Major Research Project during 2012-2015. He was awarded for best paper presentation in National as well as International Conferences. He is an active life member of Association of Microbiologists of India (AMI), The Biotech Research Society, India (BRSI), Mycological Society of India (MSI), Association of Food Scientists and Technologists (AFSTI), Mysore, India and Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA).
Dr. Kawaljit Singh Sandhu is presently working as Associate Professor and Head in the Department of Food Science &Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda, Punjab. He has more than 18 years of experience in teaching and research. He joined MRSPTU in 2017 as a founder Head of the Department.
In 2006, he was awarded Post-Doctoral research fellowship by Korean Ministry of Education, South Korea to carry out research on starch structural and digestibility properties. He was awarded with Young Scientist Award from Association of Food Scientists and Technologists (AFSTI), Mysore, India. Dr. Sandhu has successfully completed one research project funded by UGC, New Delhi. Dr. Sandhu area of research interest includes characterization, modification, and utilization of starches from different botanical sources, drug delivery, bioactive compounds, and food product development. He has published more than 75 international/national scientific papers and several book chapters.
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