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E-grāmata: Modeling of Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in the Mekong Delta

(IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands)
  • Formāts: 186 pages
  • Sērija : IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Sep-2021
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000416305
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Modeling of Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in the Mekong DeltaPalielināt
  • Formāts: 186 pages
  • Sērija : IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Sep-2021
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000416305
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This research aims to investigate the prevailing sediment dynamics and the sediment budget in the Mekong Delta by using a process-based model. Understanding sediment dynamics for the Mekong Delta requires high resolution analysis and detailed data, which is a challenge for managers and scientists. This study introduces such an approach and focuses on modeling the entire system with a process-based approach with Delft3D-4 and Delft3D Flexible Mesh (DFM). The first model is used to explore sediment dynamics at the coastal zone. The latter model allows straightforward coupling of 1D and 2D grids, making it suitable for analyzing the complex river and canal network of the Mekong Delta. The validated model suggests that the Mekong Delta receives ~99 Mt/year sediment from the Mekong River. This is much lower than the common estimate of 160 Mt/year. Only about 23% of the modelled total sediment load at Kratie is exported to the sea. The remaining portion is trapped in the rivers and floodplains of the Mekong Delta. The results advance understanding of sediment dynamics and sediment budget in the Mekong Delta. As such the model is an efficient tool to support delta management and planning.

Acknowledgments vii
Summary ix
Samenvatting xi
Contents xiii
1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Background
2(3)
1.2 Objective and research questions
5(1)
1.3 Methodology
5(1)
1.4 Thesis outline
6(1)
2 Spatial topographic interpolation for meandering channels
7(22)
2.1 Introduction
8(2)
2.2 Method
10(7)
2.2.1 Data
10(1)
2.2.2 Selected methods for river bed topography interpolation
11(5)
2.2.3 Calibration of ordinary kriging
16(1)
2.2.4 Performance assessment
17(1)
2.3 Results and discussion
17(8)
2.3.1 Calibration of ordinary kriging
17(2)
2.3.2 Interpolation of river bed topography
19(1)
2.3.3 Interpolation method validation
20(3)
2.3.4 Comparison of cross-sections and thalweg line
23(2)
2.4 Conclusions
25(2)
Appendix
27(2)
3 Multi-scale sediment modeling
29(34)
3.1 Introduction
30(2)
3.2 Methodology
32(2)
3.3 Model description
34(1)
3.3.1 Delft3D-4
34(1)
3.3.2 Delft3D Flexible Mesh (FM)
35(1)
3.4 Model setup
35(4)
3.4.1 SetupofDelft3DFM
35(1)
3.4.2 SetupofDelft3D-4
36(3)
3.5 Model validation
39(10)
3.5.1 Model calibration
39(6)
3.5.2 Model validation
45(4)
3.6 Results and discussion
49(10)
3.6.1 Seasonal sediment dynamics
49(2)
3.6.2 Sediment flux
51(2)
3.6.3 Sensitivity to salinity, waves and sediment processes
53(4)
3.6.4 Temporal-spatial distribution of at-bed sediment volume
57(2)
3.7 Conclusions
59(1)
Appendix
60(3)
4 Flooding in the Mekong Delta: the impact of dyke systems on downstream hydrodynamics
63(38)
4.1 Introduction
64(12)
4.1.1 The Mekong Delta
67(2)
4.1.2 High-dyke development in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
69(1)
4.1.3 Flood dynamics in the Mekong Delta
70(6)
4.2 Methodology
76(5)
4.2.1 Model description and set-up
76(1)
4.2.1.1 Software description
76(1)
4.2.1.2 Model set-up
76(2)
4.2.2 Model calibration and validation
78(2)
4.2.3 High-dyke development scenarios
80(1)
4.2.4 Analysis of simulations
81(1)
4.2.4.1 Tidal harmonic analysis
81(1)
4.2.4.2 Water balance calculation
81(1)
4.3 Results
81(10)
4.3.1 Model performance evaluation
82(1)
4.3.2 Spatial distribution and temporal variation of water volume in the VMD
83(1)
4.3.2.1 Spatial distribution
83(3)
4.3.2.2 Temporal variation
86(1)
4.3.3 Water level changes under high-dyke development
87(1)
4.3.3.1 Daily water levels
87(2)
4.3.3.2 Tidal amplitudes
89(2)
4.4 Discussion
91(6)
4.4.1 Model performance
91(1)
4.4.2 Spatiotemporal distribution of water volume in the VMD
92(2)
4.4.3 Impact of high-dyke development
94(1)
4.4.4 Flood discharge and volume scenarios
95(1)
4.4.5 Estimated uncertainties
96(1)
4.5 Conclusions
97(1)
Appendix: Model calibration
98(3)
5 A numerical investigation on the suspended sediment dynamics and sediment budget in the Mekong Delta
101(34)
5.1 Introduction
102(2)
5.2 Case study description: The Mekong Delta
104(4)
5.2.1 Characterization of the Mekong Delta
104(2)
5.2.2 Sediment loads
106(1)
5.2.3 Suspended-sediment concentration
107(1)
5.2.4 Sediment grain size distribution
108(1)
5.3 Methodology
108(8)
5.3.1 Software description and model setup
108(1)
5.3.1.1 Description of Delft3D FM
108(1)
5.3.1.2 Model set-up
109(1)
5.3.1.3 Grid and bathymetry
110(1)
5.3.1.4 Sediment transport equation
111(1)
5.3.1.5 Boundary conditions
112(2)
5.3.1.6 Wave modeling
114(1)
5.3.1.7 Initial conditions
114(1)
5.3.2 Sediment properties
115(1)
5.3.3 Model performance evaluation
115(1)
5.4 Results and discussion
116(17)
5.4.1 Model calibration and validation
116(1)
5.4.1.1 Hydrodynamic and salinity calibration
116(3)
5.4.1.2 Sediment dynamics calibration
119(4)
5.4.2 Hysteresis relations of suspended-sediment concentration and water discharge
123(4)
5.4.3 Seasonal variation of suspended sediment
127(2)
5.4.4 Sediment budget
129(4)
5.5 Conclusions
133(2)
6 Conclusions and recommendations
135(6)
6.1 Conclusions
136(2)
6.1.1 Introduction
136(1)
6.1.2 Answer to research questions
136(2)
6.2 Recommendations
138(1)
Coupling with 3D modeling
139(1)
Interaction with mangrove forests
139(1)
Morphodynamics
140(1)
Delta management and planning
140(1)
References 141(16)
List of acronyms 157(1)
List of Tables 158(1)
List of Figures 159(6)
About the author 165
Vo Quoc Thanh was born on July 12th 1986 in Bac Lieu, Vietnam. He completed his BSc degree in Environmental Engineering from Can Tho University, Vietnam in 2008. He obtained his MSc degree in Environmental Management at Can Tho University, Vietnam in 2012. After graduating Vo Quoc Thanh worked as a researcher in the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, Can Tho University until 2013. He was involved in several projects on flood hazard mapping and water infrastructure. From 2013 to 2015, he worked as a lecturer in Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, Can Tho University. During this period, he also acted as project assistant of the "Climate change and affecting land use in the Mekong Delta: Adaptation of rice-based cropping systems" a project funded by ACIAR. From 2015 onwards he is a lecturer in the Department of Water Resources, Can Tho University. From 2015 to 2019, he has been involved in the project of "Modeling a sparsely-sampled, complex delta system: Mekong Delta case study", funded by the Office of Naval Research and this work was financed by this fund.
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