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E-grāmata: Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises: Explorations of Physical, Human, Economic, and Social Phenomena

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Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises: Explorations of Physical, Human, Economic, and Social PhenomenaPalielināt
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Explains multi-level models of enterprise systems and covers modeling methodology

This book addresses the essential phenomena underlying the overall behaviors of complex systems and enterprises.  Understanding these phenomena can enable improving these systems. These phenomena range from physical, behavioral, and organizational, to economic and social, all of which involve significant human components. Specific phenomena of interest and how they are represented depend on the questions of interest and the relevant domains or contexts. Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises examines visualization of phenomena and how understanding the relationships among phenomena can provide the basis for understanding where deeper exploration is warranted. The author also reviews mathematical and computational models, defined very broadly across disciplines, which can enable deeper understanding.





Presents a 10 step methodology for addressing questions associated with the design or operation of complex systems and enterprises Examines six archetypal enterprise problems including two from healthcare, two from urban systems, and one each from financial systems and defense systems Provides an introduction to the nature of complex systems, historical perspectives on complexity and complex adaptive systems, and the evolution of systems practice

Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises is written for graduate students studying systems science and engineering and professionals involved in systems science and engineering, those involved in complex systems such as healthcare delivery, urban systems, sustainable energy, financial systems, and national security.

Recenzijas

"The book is written for graduate students studying systems science and engineering and professionals involved in systems science and engineering, those involved in complex systems such as healthcare delivery, urban systems, sustainable energy, financial systems, and national security." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2016)

Preface xi
1 Introduction and Overview 1(26)
Systems Perspectives
2(6)
Systems Movement
3(1)
Philosophical Background
3(2)
Seminal Concepts - Systems Science
5(1)
Seminal Concepts - Economics/Cognition
6(1)
Seminal Concepts - Operations Research
7(1)
Seminal Concepts - Sociology
8(1)
Complexity and Complex Systems
8(3)
Complex Versus Complicated Systems
11(2)
Systems Practice
13(6)
Phenomena as the Starting Point
19(1)
Oveview of Book
20(3)
Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview
20(1)
Chapter 2: Overall Methodology
21(1)
Chapter 3: Perspectives on Phenomena
21(1)
Chapter 4: Physical Phenomena
21(1)
Chapter 5: Human Phenomena
21(1)
Chapter 6: Economic Phenomena
22(1)
Chapter 7: Social Phenomena
22(1)
Chapter 8: Visualization of Phenomena
22(1)
Chapter 9: Computational Methods and Tools
23(1)
Chapter 10: Perspectives on Problem Solving
23(1)
References
23(4)
2 Overall Methodology 27(16)
Introduction
27(2)
Problem Archetypes
29(4)
Deterring or Identifying Counterfeit Parts
29(1)
Financial Systems and Bursting Bubbles
30(1)
Human Responses and Urban Resilience
30(1)
Traffic Control via Congestion Pricing
31(1)
Impacts of Investments in Healthcare Delivery
31(1)
Human Biology and Cancer
31(1)
Comparison of Problems
32(1)
Methodology
33(3)
Summary
35(1)
An Example
36(4)
Supporting the Methodology
40(1)
Conclusions
41(1)
References
41(2)
3 Perspectives on Phenomena 43(18)
Introduction
43(1)
Definitions
43(3)
Historical Perspectives
46(2)
Steam to Steamboats
46(1)
Wind to Wings
47(1)
Electricity to Electric Lights
47(1)
Macro and Micro Physics
47(1)
Probability and Utility
48(1)
Contemporary Perspectives
48(2)
Four Fundamental Forces
48(1)
Computational Fluid Dynamics
49(1)
Integrated Circuit Design
49(1)
Supply Chain Management
50(1)
Summary
50(1)
Taxonomy of Phenomena
50(4)
Behavioral and Social Systems
52(2)
Problems versus Phenomena
54(1)
Visualizing Phenomena
54(4)
Conclusions
58(1)
References
59(2)
4 Physical Phenomena 61(22)
Introduction
61(1)
Natural Phenomena
61(8)
Example - Human Biology
64(3)
Example - Urban Oceanography
67(2)
Designed Phenomena
69(7)
Example - Vehicle Powertrain
73(2)
Example - Manufacturing Processes
75(1)
Deterring or Identifying Counterfeit Parts
76(4)
Conclusions
80(1)
References
80(3)
5 Human Phenomena 83(28)
Descriptive Versus Prescriptive Approaches
84(2)
Models of Human Behavior and Performance
86(6)
Example - Manual Control
87(2)
Example - Problem Solving
89(1)
Example - Multitask Decision Making
90(2)
Traffic Control Via Congestion Pricing
92(3)
Mental Models
95(9)
Team Mental Models
99(2)
Performing Arts Teams
101(3)
Fundamental Limits
104(3)
Conclusions
107(1)
References
107(4)
6 Economic Phenomena 111(32)
Introduction
111(2)
Microeconomics
113(6)
Theory of the Firm
113(1)
Theory of the Market
114(1)
Example - Optimal Pricing
114(4)
Example - Investing in People
118(1)
Summary
119(1)
Macroeconomics
119(9)
Tax Rates Interest Rates and Inflation
120(6)
Macroeconomic Models
126(2)
Summary
128(1)
Behavioral Economics
128(9)
Prospect Theory
131(1)
Risk Perception
132(1)
Attribution Errors
133(1)
Management Decision Making
134(1)
Human Intuition
135(1)
Intuition versus Analysis
136(1)
Summary
137(1)
Economics of Healthcare Delivery
137(2)
Conclusions
139(1)
References
140(3)
7 Social Phenomena 143(36)
Introduction
143(6)
Emergent versus Designed Organizational Phenomena
143(1)
Direct versus Representative Political Phenomena
144(1)
Modeling Complex Social Systems
145(1)
Example - Earth as a System
145(4)
Physics-Based Formulations
149(9)
Example - Castes and Outcastes
151(7)
Network Theory
158(4)
Game Theory
162(6)
Example - Acquisition as a Game
165(3)
Simulation
168(4)
Example - Port and Airport Evacuation
170(1)
Example - Emergence of Cities
171(1)
Urban Resilience
172(4)
A Framework for Urban Resilience
173(3)
Summary
176(1)
Conclusions
176(1)
References
176(3)
8 Visualization of Phenomena 179(30)
Introduction
179(1)
Human Vision as a Phenomenon
180(1)
Basics of Visualization
180(3)
Example - Space Shuttle Challenger
181(2)
Purposes of Visualizations
183(2)
Examples - Co-Citation Networks and Mobile Devices
184(1)
Design Methodology
185(5)
Use Case Illustrations
186(4)
Example - Big Graphics and Little Screens
190(3)
Visualization Tools
193(3)
Data
195(1)
Structure
195(1)
Dynamics
195(1)
Immersion Lab
196(2)
Policy Flight Simulators
198(7)
Background
198(1)
Multilevel Modeling
199(1)
Example - Employee Prevention and Wellness
200(3)
People's Use of Simulators
203(2)
Conclusions
205(1)
References
206(3)
9 Computational Methods and Tools 209(32)
Introduction
209(1)
Modeling Paradigms
210(18)
Dynamic Systems Theory
212(2)
Control Theory
214(2)
Estimation Theory
216(1)
Queuing Theory
217(1)
Network Theory
218(3)
Decision Theory
221(3)
Problem-Solving Theory
224(1)
Finance Theory
225(3)
Summary
228(1)
Levels of Modeling
228(2)
Representation to Computation
230(3)
Dynamic Systems
230(1)
Discrete-Event Systems
231(1)
Agent-Based Systems
231(1)
Optimization-Based Frame
231(2)
Summary
233(1)
Model Composition
233(3)
Entangled States
233(2)
Consistency of Assumptions
235(1)
Observations
236(1)
Computational Tools
236(1)
Conclusions
237(1)
References
238(3)
10 Perspectives on Problem Solving 241(22)
Introduction
241(1)
What is? Versus What if?
242(1)
Case Studies
243(10)
Business Planning
243(2)
New Product Planning
245(3)
Technology Investments
248(2)
Enterprise Transformation
250(3)
Observations on Problem Solving
253(2)
Starting Assumptions
253(1)
Framing Problems
253(2)
Implementing Solutions
255(1)
Research Issues
255(4)
Decomposition
256(1)
Mapping
256(1)
Scaling
257(1)
Approximation
257(1)
Identification
257(1)
Parameterization
258(1)
Propagation
258(1)
Visualization
259(1)
Curation
259(1)
Conclusions
259(2)
References
261(2)
Index 263
William B. Rouse, PhD., is the Alexander Crombie Humphreys Chair of Economics in Engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology, and Director of the university wide Center for Complex Systems and Enterprises. He is also Professor Emeritus of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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