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Modern Approach to Evidence: Text, Problems, Transcripts and Cases, 5th 5th Revised edition [Hardback]

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John H. Blume, Fredric I. Lederer, James S. Liebman, Samuel R. Gross, Richard Owen Lempert, Stephan Landsman

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Formāts: Hardback, 1556 pages, height x width x depth: 500x500x661 mm, weight: 2470 g
Sērija : American Casebook Series
Izdošanas datums: 30-Nov-2013
Izdevniecība: West Academic Press
ISBN-10: 0314287655
ISBN-13: 9780314287656

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Courts & procedure

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Formāts: Hardback, 1556 pages, height x width x depth: 500x500x661 mm, weight: 2470 g
Sērija : American Casebook Series
Izdošanas datums: 30-Nov-2013
Izdevniecība: West Academic Press
ISBN-10: 0314287655
ISBN-13: 9780314287656

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Courts & procedure

Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780314287656.html

Keywords:

This is the Fifth Edition of the textbook that pioneered the teaching of Evidence using problems rather than appellate opinions. The text explores the Rules of Evidence and their rationales in a straightforward fashion without hiding the ball or ignoring complexities. Problems that clarify the Rules appear throughout the chapters; larger problem sets that explore the Rules in detail are found at the ends of chapters. The updated edition discusses important recent cases and introduces social science findings and recent developments in science and technology that bear on the design and operation of the Rules of Evidence, and on their rationale.

Preface to the Fifth Edition

Acknowledgments

vii

Using This Book

Table of Cases

xxvii

Table of Rules

xxxv

Table of Authorities

xxxix

Chapter 1 Some Basics

(140)

I Introduction to Evidence

(14)

A The Trial Game

(2)

B Basic Terminology

(3)

C "For the Record"

(1)

1 Pleadings and Other Court Documents

(1)

2 Transcripts

(1)

a How Transcripts Are Made

(2)

b What Gets Transcribed

(3)

c The Need for Clarity

(1)

3 Exhibits

(2)

II People v. Tellez

(126)

A Introduction

(1)

B Summary of the Evidence

(2)

C Transcript

(123)

Chapter 2 Taking Evidence

141

(74)

I Preconditions to Testimony

141

(7)

A Personal Knowledge and the Lay Opinion Rule

141

(4)

B Oath

145

(1)

C Competence

146

(2)

II Interrogation

148

(9)

A Direct Examination

148

(3)

B Cross-Examination

151

(3)

C Impeaching and Leading on Direct

154

(2)

D The Judge's Plenary Control

156

(1)

III Objections

157

(41)

A Why Have Exclusionary Rules of Evidence?

157

(4)

B A Classification of Objections

161

(1)

C Waiving, Preserving, and Reviewing Error

162

(1)

1 General Principles

162

(1)

a Evidence Is Presumed Admissible

163

(1)

b The Parties Control the Case

163

(1)

c Objections Can be Waived

164

(1)

d The Trial Judge Is Rarely Reversed

164

(1)

2 Avoiding Waiver

165

(1)

a Objections to Admission of Evidence

165

(2)

b Claims of Erroneous Exclusion of Evidence

167

(1)

3 Escape Clauses

168

(3)

D Harmless Error

171

(3)

E The Roles of Judge and Jury

174

(1)

1 Issues of Law

174

(1)

2 Most Preliminary Issues of Fact

174

(5)

3 Preliminary Factual Issues That Go to Relevance and Personal Knowledge (and Authentication)

179

(2)

4 Preliminary Factual Questions That Go to "Ultimate Issues"

181

(3)

F Cautionary Instructions and Limited Admissibility

184

(2)

G Some Tactical Considerations

186

(1)

1 How to Object

186

(1)

2 Reasons to Object

187

(1)

3 Reasons Not to Object

188

(1)

4 Motions in Limine

189

(1)

5 A General Approach to Objections

190

(1)

H Objections to Evidence in Non-Jury Trials

191

(3)

Additional Problems

194

(4)

IV Appendix

198

(14)

The Production of Evidence

198

(1)

A The Need to Prepare

198

(2)

B Interviews, Investigation, and Witness Preparation

200

(1)

1 Interviewing the Client

200

(1)

2 Interviewing Witnesses

201

(3)

3 Preparing the Friendly Witness to Testify

204

(5)

4 Examining Places, Instruments and Documents

209

(1)

5 Miscellaneous Sources of Information

209

(2)

6 Access to Witnesses

211

(1)

V Bibliography

212

(3)

Chapter 3 Relevance

215

(72)

I Aspects of Relevance

215

(28)

A The Basic Policy

215

(2)

B "Of Consequence in Determining the Action"---Materiality

217

(1)

C Circumstantial and Direct Evidence

217

(2)

D Reality Hypotheses

219

(4)

E Conditional Relevance

223

(5)

F Relevant and Irrelevant

228

(2)

G Logical or Legal Relevance?

230

(3)

H Witness Credibility and Other Evidentiary Deficiencies

233

(1)

I FRE 403 Balancing

234

(7)

J The Meaning of Prejudice

241

(2)

II A Mathematical Restatement

243

(12)

A Bayes' Theorem

243

(3)

1 Logical Relevance

246

(1)

2 Estimation Problems

247

(2)

B Prejudice and the Regret Matrix

249

(6)

III Explanatory or Subjective Relevance

255

(9)

A Expert Opinion

255

(4)

B Eyewitness Experts, DNA Experts, and Permitted Opinions

259

(5)

IV Narrative Relevance and Demonstrative Evidence

264

(4)

V Summary

268

(15)

Additional Problems

269

(14)

VI Bibliography

283

(4)

Chapter 4 Relevant but Inadmissible: Categorical Balancing and the "Relevance Rules"

287

(58)

I An Overview

287

(7)

A Introduction to the Rules

287

(2)

B Two Types of Evidence

289

(1)

C Reasons for the Rules

290

(2)

D Limited Scope

292

(1)

E Avoiding Misuse

293

(1)

II The Rules in Detail

294

(30)

A Subsequent Remedial Measures

294

(1)

1 The Rule

294

(2)

2 The Rationale in Negligence Cases

296

(4)

3 The Rationale in Strict Liability Cases

300

(4)

B Compromises Offers and Negotiations

304

(5)

C Nolo Contendere Pleas, Withdrawn Guilty Pleas and Statements During Plea Discussions

309

(7)

D Payment of Medical Expenses

316

(2)

E Liability Insurance

318

(2)

F Similar Happenings

320

(4)

III Conclusion

324

(16)

Additional Problems

325

(15)

IV Bibliography

340

(5)

Chapter 5 Character and Credibility

345

(202)

I Character and Credibility in General

345

(2)

II The Propensity Rule: What it Does and Does Not Exclude, and Why

347

(47)

A Reasons for the Rule

347

(10)

B Evidence That Is Not Excluded by the Propensity Rule

357

(1)

1 Other Purposes Generally

357

(2)

2 Character in Issue

359

(2)

3 Other Crimes, Wrongs or Acts

361

(1)

a Introduction

361

(1)

b "Res Gestae"

362

(1)

c Identity

363

(2)

d Motive

365

(2)

e Common Plan or Scheme

367

(2)

f Knowledge

369

(1)

g Intent

370

(2)

h Issue in Dispute

372

(2)

i Notice; Proof of Involvement in Other Crimes

374

(3)

j Summary of Other Crimes and Acts

377

(2)

4 Habit and Routine Practice

379

(4)

5 Forbidden and Permitted Inferences

383

(5)

C Further Observations on the Nature of "Character Evidence"

388

(6)

III Exceptions to the Propensity Rule: Substantive Evidence

394

(17)

A The Criminal Defendant's Good Character

395

(12)

B The Alleged Victim's Bad Character

407

(4)

IV Exceptions to the Propensity Rule: Impeachment Evidence

411

(29)

A Impeachment Generally

411

(3)

B Impeachment by Evidence of Bad Character

414

(1)

1 Impeachment by Reputation and Opinion Evidence

414

(5)

2 Impeachment by Bad Acts

419

(5)

3 Impeachment by Prior Convictions

424

(16)

V Other Forms of Impeachment

440

(27)

A Impeachment for Bias, Interest or Motive

440

(6)

B Impeachment by Contradiction; The Collateral Matter Rule

446

(4)

C Impeachment by Prior Inconsistent Statements

450

(9)

D Impeachment by Defects in Perception, Memory and Description

459

(6)

E Impeachment by Religious Beliefs

465

(2)

VI Rehabilitating Impeached Witnesses

467

(5)

VII The Ethics of Impeachment

472

(6)

VIII Character and Credibility in Sexual Assault and Child Molestation Cases

478

(62)

A Historical Introduction

478

(5)

B Rape Shield Rules

483

(17)

C Prior Offenses by the Defendant

500

(13)

Additional Problems

513

(27)

IX Bibliography

540

(7)

Chapter 6 Hearsay

547

(264)

I Hearsay Policy

547

(10)

A Introduction

547

(4)

B Inferences from Testimony

551

(2)

C The Hearsay Dangers

553

(2)

D The Hearsay Dilemma

555

(2)

II Defining Hearsay

557

(32)

A General Definitions

557

(1)

B "Out-of-Court"

558

(1)

C "The Truth of the Matter Asserted"

559

(2)

1 Verbal Acts

561

(1)

2 Verbal Parts of Acts

562

(1)

3 Statements Manifesting Awareness

563

(2)

4 States of Mind

565

(3)

5 Impeachment

568

(1)

6 Opinion Surveys

568

(1)

D "Statement"

568

(2)

1 Silence

570

(1)

2 Non-Assertive Conduct

571

(3)

3 Assertions Implied from Other Assertions

574

(1)

E Other Hearsay-Related Problems

575

(1)

1 Hearsay Distinguished from Lack of Personal Knowledge

575

(1)

2 Multiple Hearsay

576

(1)

3 Machine or Animal "Statements"

576

(1)

Additional Problems

577

(12)

III Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule

589

(155)

A Introduction

589

(2)

B Admissions

591

(2)

1 Distinguished From Judicial Admissions

593

(1)

2 The Federal Rule

594

(1)

3 Personal Statements

595

(2)

4 Adoptive Statements

597

(2)

5 Authorized Statements

599

(2)

6 Vicarious Statements of Agents

601

(3)

7 Partners and Co-conspirators

604

(8)

8 Privity

612

(1)

Additional Problems

613

(8)

C Other Exceptions

621

(1)

Perception, Memory, and Hearsay: A Criticism of Present Law and the Proposed Federal Rules of Evidence

622

(11)

1 Availability Immaterial

633

(1)

a Present Sense Impressions

633

(1)

b Excited Utterances

634

(4)

c Statements of Physical Condition

638

(4)

d Other Existing States of Mind

642

(11)

Additional Problems

653

(9)

e Recorded Recollection

662

(4)

f Business Records

666

(8)

g Public Records and Reports

674

(7)

Additional Problems

681

(10)

h Other Exceptions

691

(11)

2 Hearsay Exceptions Conditioned on Unavailability

702

(1)

a Requirement of Unavailability

702

(5)

b Former Testimony

707

(8)

c Dying Declarations

715

(4)

d Statements Against Interest

719

(7)

e Statements of Pedigree

726

(2)

f Forfeiture by Wrongdoing

728

(2)

3 Impeaching a Hearsay Speaker

730

(2)

Additional Problems

732

(12)

IV Modern Trends

744

(47)

A Looking Backward at Past Judgments on the Future of Hearsay

744

(2)

B Reliability as a Primary Justification

746

(10)

C Necessity as a Primary Justification

756

(1)

D Prior Statements of Available Witnesses: A Problem in Policy Analysis

757

(13)

Additional Problems

770

(4)

E Overall Evaluations: A Case Against Liberalization

774

(1)

1 The Danger of Hearsay

774

(1)

2 The Balance of Advantage

775

(1)

3 Judicial Discretion

776

(1)

4 Systematic Effects

777

(2)

F Overall Evaluations: The Case for Reform

779

(1)

Probative Force of Hearsay

779

(10)

Additional Problems

789

(2)

V Three Classic Cases

791

(16)

Wright v. Doe D. Sandford Tatham

792

(6)

Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Hillmon

798

(6)

Shepard v. United States

804

(3)

VI Bibliography

807

(4)

Chapter 7 Confrontation and Compulsory Process

811

(118)

I Introduction

811

(1)

II The Confrontation Clause

812

(81)

A Historical Background

812

(4)

B The Four Faces of Confrontation

816

(1)

1 Evidence Not Against the Accused

817

(7)

2 Hearsay Evidence

824

(5)

Crawford v. Washington

829

(34)

3 Cross-examination and Impeachment

863

(10)

4 "Look Me in the Eye" Protection

873

(2)

Maryland v. Craig

875

(9)

C Conclusion

884

(2)

Additional Problems

886

(7)

III The Compulsory Process Clause

893

(32)

A Applied to the States

893

(3)

B Pre-Empting Rules of Evidence

896

(1)

Chambers v. Mississippi

896

(14)

C Acquiring Evidence and Securing Testimony

910

(8)

Additional Problems

918

(3)

"Rape Shield" Problems

921

(4)

IV Bibliography

925

(4)

Chapter 8 Privileges

929

(196)

I Introduction

929

(10)

II Attorney-Client Privilege

939

(79)

A Basic Justifications

939

(4)

B The Privilege in Detail

943

(2)

1 Being a Client

945

(2)

2 Privileged Communications

947

(1)

3 Identity as a Confidence

948

(3)

4 The Privilege Holder

951

(1)

5 The Breadth of Protection

952

(2)

6 The Intent of Confidentiality

954

(2)

7 Corporate Clients

956

(1)

Upjohn Co. v. United States

957

(14)

8 Physical Evidence

971

(3)

In re Ryder

974

(8)

C Communications That Are Not Privileged

982

(2)

D Waiver

984

(5)

E Attorney Work Product

989

(4)

F Ethical Issues

993

(6)

G Closing Remarks

999

(4)

Additional Problems

1003

(15)

III Privileges for Health Care Providers

1018

(16)

A The Physician-Patient Privilege

1018

(1)

1 Justifications

1018

(5)

2 Exceptions and Waiver

1023

(1)

3 Other Features

1023

(1)

4 Contrasted With Attorney-Client Privilege

1024

(1)

B Psychotherapist-Patient Privilege

1025

(1)

Jaffee, Special Administrator for Allen, Deceased v. Redmond et al

1026

(8)

IV Marital Privileges

1034

(14)

A Two Privileges

1034

(1)

B Justifications

1035

(3)

C The Adverse Testimony Privilege

1038

(3)

D The Privilege for Confidential Marital Communications

1041

(2)

E Adverse Testimony and Marital Communications Privileges Compared

1043

(3)

F The Parent-Child Privilege

1046

(2)

V Government Privileges

1048

(44)

A State Secrets Privilege

1049

(2)

United States v. Reynolds

1051

(7)

B Official Information Privileges

1058

(4)

C Informer Identity Privilege

1062

(1)

1 Justifications

1062

(1)

2 Scope of the Privilege

1063

(5)

D Conclusion

1068

(2)

A Fifth Amendment

1070

(2)

B Other Proposed Federal Privileges

1072

(1)

1 Required Reports

1072

(1)

2 Communications to Clergy

1072

(1)

3 Voter's Privilege

1073

(1)

4 Trade Secrets

1073

(1)

5 Other Proposed Rules

1074

(2)

Additional Problems

1076

(16)

VII The Reporter's Privilege

1092

(29)

Branzburg v. Hayes

1094

(15)

A A Proposed Statute

1109

(8)

Additional Problems

1117

(4)

VIII Bibliography

1121

(4)

Chapter 9 Expert Evidence

1125

(144)

I Introduction

1125

(2)

II Obtaining and Preparing Expert Witnesses

1127

(7)

A Choosing Experts

1127

(4)

B Expert Witness Preparation

1131

(3)

III The Rules of Evidence for Expert Witnesses

1134

(23)

A Qualifications

1134

(3)

B Expert Opinion Evidence

1137

(1)

1 Expert Opinion Testimony, Generally

1137

(3)

2 The Bases for Expert Opinion Evidence

1140

(2)

C Hearsay in Expert Testimony

1142

(5)

D Presenting Expert Testimony

1147

(1)

E Responding to Expert Testimony

1148

(1)

1 Cross-Examination

1148

(5)

2 Rebuttal

1153

(1)

3 Criminal Cases: The Need for Opposition

1153

(4)

IV Special Issues Concerning Scientific Evidence

1157

(20)

A United States v. Frye

1157

(2)

B Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals

1159

(5)

C Post Daubert Issues

1164

(1)

1 Kumho Tire Co., Ltd. v. Carmichael (1): Daubert Governs Nonscientific Expert Testimony

1164

(1)

2 Kumho Tire, Ltd. v. Carmichael (2): The Factors to Be Considered in Determining the Reliability of Expert Evidence

1165

(1)

3 Applying Daubert to Nonscientific Expertise

1166

(3)

4 Forensic Science Evidence and the Difference Between the Impact of Daubert in Civil and in Criminal Cases

1169

(3)

5 The "Codification" of Daubert in the 2000 Amendment to FRE 702

1172

(1)

6 The Standard for Appellate Review of Trial Court Decisions Admitting or Excluding Expert Testimony

1173

(4)

V Dissatisfaction with Expert Witnesses, and the Use of Court-Appointed Experts

1177

(10)

VI Examples of Expert Evidence

1187

(77)

A Uncontested Medical Testimony in a Criminal Trial

1187

(5)

B Expert Testimony on Causation in a Medical Malpractice Case

1192

(14)

C Psychiatric Testimony on Future Dangerousness at the Penalty Phase of a Capital Murder Trial

1206

(1)

Barefoot v. Estelle

1207

(24)

D Rape Trauma Syndrome Evidence in a Sexual Assault Trial

1231

(1)

United States v. Alphonso O. Houser United States Court of Military Appeals

1232

(15)

E The Scientific Basis for DNA Identification Evidence

1247

(13)

Additional Problems

1260

(4)

VII Bibliography

1264

(5)

Chapter 10 Exhibits

1269

(98)

I Introduction

1269

(6)

A Exhibits vs. Testimony

1269

(1)

B Real vs. Demonstrative Exhibits---Maps, Diagrams, Scale Models, Etc

1270

(2)

C Real vs. Testimonial Evidence

1272

(1)

D Special Rules for Exhibits

1273

(2)

II Authentication

1275

(24)

A The General Requirement

1275

(7)

B Authentication Procedure

1282

(1)

Brown vs. White

1282

(5)

C Procedural Shortcuts

1287

(1)

D Substantive Shortcuts: Self-Authentication

1287

(5)

E Additional Requirements

1292

(1)

1 Chain of Custody

1292

(5)

2 Attesting Witnesses

1297

(2)

III Restrictions on Secondary Evidence of the Contents of Documents

1299

(13)

A The Original Document or "Best Evidence" Rule

1299

(10)

B The Parol Evidence Rule

1309

(3)

IV Particular Types of Tangible Evidence

1312

(52)

A Views, Demonstrations and Experiments

1312

(5)

B Photographs and Sound Recordings

1317

(8)

C Computer-Generated Exhibits

1325

(3)

D Video Recordings and Other Motion Pictures

1328

(1)

1 The Range of Video Exhibits

1328

(5)

2 Day-in-the-Life Videos

1333

(5)

3 Reconstructions, Reenactments and Simulations

1338

(7)

E The Court Record; Previously Recorded Testimony

1345

(6)

F A Few Thoughts on Technology-Augmented Courtrooms

1351

(1)

Additional Problems

1352

(12)

V Bibliography

1364

(3)

Chapter 11 Burdens of Proof: Shortcuts to Proof

1367

(114)

I Burdens of Proof

1367

(26)

A Allocating the Burdens of Pleading, Production and Persuasion

1368

(4)

B Defining the Burdens of Production and Persuasion

1372

(1)

1 The Relationship Between Burdens of Production and Persuasion

1373

(1)

2 The Formal Definitions of the Burdens of Production and Persuasion

1374

(3)

3 The Meaning of Proof "Beyond a Reasonable Doubt"

1377

(5)

Problems

1382

(11)

II Shortcuts to Proof

1393

(84)

A Stipulations and Judicial Admissions

1393

(5)

Problems

1398

(1)

B Judicial Notice

1399

(1)

1 Ordinary Judicial Notice of "Adjudicative" Facts

1399

(8)

Problems

1407

(7)

2 Legislative Fact-Finding

1414

(2)

Rock v. Arkansas

1416

(15)

Problems

1431

(6)

C Presumptions

1437

(12)

Ulster County Court v. Allen

1449

(17)

Problems

1466

(11)

III Bibliography

1477

(4)

Index

1481

Modern Approach to Evidence: Text, Problems, Transcripts and Cases, 5th 5th Revised edition [Hardback]

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