| Preface |
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xiii | |
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The physics of the early universe (an overview) |
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1 | (8) |
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The physics of the early universe: an overview |
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1 | (8) |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (2) |
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Links between cosmology and particale physics |
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6 | (1) |
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Basic questions and tentative answers |
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7 | (2) |
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An introduction to the physics of cosmology |
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9 | (99) |
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Aspects of general relativity |
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9 | (4) |
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The equivalence principle |
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11 | (1) |
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Applications of gravitational time dilation |
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12 | (1) |
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The energy-momentum tensor |
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13 | (3) |
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Relativistic fluid mechanics |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (3) |
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16 | (1) |
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Pressure as a source of gravity |
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17 | (1) |
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Energy density of the vacuum |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (13) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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Dynamics of the expansion |
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22 | (2) |
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Solutions to the Friedmann equation |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (1) |
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Observations in cosmology |
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27 | (2) |
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The meaning of an expanding universe |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (15) |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (2) |
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Relic fluctuations from inflation |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (2) |
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Evidence for vacuum energy at late times |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (4) |
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Dynamics of structure formation |
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47 | (11) |
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47 | (3) |
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Dynamical effects of radiation |
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50 | (3) |
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The peculiar velocity field |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (1) |
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Quantifying large-scale structure |
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58 | (28) |
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Fourier analysis of density fluctuations |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (2) |
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Karhunen-Loeve and all that |
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63 | (5) |
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68 | (4) |
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Nonlinear clustering: a problem for CDM? |
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72 | (2) |
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Real-space and redshift-space clustering |
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74 | (2) |
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The state of the art in LSS |
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76 | (5) |
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Galaxy formation and biased clustering |
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81 | (5) |
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Cosmic background fluctuations |
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86 | (22) |
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The hot big bang and the microwave background |
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86 | (2) |
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Mechanisms for primary fluctuations |
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88 | (2) |
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The temperature power spectrum |
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90 | (3) |
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Large-scale fluctuations and CMB power spectrum |
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93 | (2) |
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Predictions of CMB anisotropies |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (3) |
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Small-scale data and outlook |
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100 | (4) |
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104 | (4) |
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108 | (51) |
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108 | (4) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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1+3 covariant description: variables |
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112 | (3) |
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Average 4-velocity of matter |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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1+3 Covariant description: equations |
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115 | (6) |
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Energy-momentum conservation equations |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (3) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (3) |
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121 | (2) |
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Tetrad formalism in cosmology |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (6) |
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Symmetries of cosmologies |
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124 | (3) |
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Classification of cosmological symmetries |
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127 | (3) |
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Friedmann-Lemaitre models |
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130 | (2) |
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Phase planes and evolutionary paths |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Bianchi universes (s = 3) |
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132 | (7) |
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Constructing Bianchi universes |
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133 | (1) |
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Dynamical systems approach |
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134 | (4) |
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Isotropization properties |
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138 | (1) |
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Observations and horizons |
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139 | (7) |
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Observational variables and relations: FL models |
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139 | (2) |
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Particle horizons and visual horizons |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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Observations in anisotropic and inhomogeneous models |
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142 | (1) |
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Proof of almost-FL geometry |
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143 | (3) |
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Importance of consistency checks |
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146 | (1) |
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Explaining homogeneity and structure |
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146 | (8) |
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Showing initial conditions are irrelevant |
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147 | (3) |
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The explanation of initial conditions |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (5) |
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154 | (5) |
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Inflationary cosmology and creation of matter in the universe |
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159 | (27) |
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159 | (1) |
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Brief history of inflation |
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160 | (4) |
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161 | (3) |
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Quantum fluctuations in the inflationary universe |
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164 | (4) |
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Quantum fluctuations and density perturbations |
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168 | (1) |
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From the big bang theory to the theory of eternal inflation |
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169 | (3) |
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(P)reheating after inflation |
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172 | (11) |
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183 | (3) |
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183 | (3) |
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Dark matter and particle physics |
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186 | (25) |
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186 | (2) |
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The SM of particle physics |
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188 | (4) |
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The Higgs mechanism and vector boson masses |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (1) |
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Successes and difficulties of the SM |
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192 | (1) |
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The dark matter problem: experimental evidence |
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192 | (2) |
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Lepton number violation and neutrinos as HDM candidates |
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194 | (4) |
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Experimental limits on neutrion masses |
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194 | (1) |
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Neutrino masses in the SM and beyond |
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195 | (1) |
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Thermal history of neutrinos |
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196 | (1) |
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HDM and structure formation |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (5) |
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Neutralinos as the LSP in SUSY models |
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198 | (1) |
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Neutralinos in the minimal supersymmetric SM |
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199 | (1) |
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Thermal history of neutralinos and ΩCDM |
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200 | (2) |
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CDM models and structure formation |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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Thermal history of light gravitinos and WDM models |
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203 | (1) |
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Dark energy, ACDM and xCDM or QCDM |
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204 | (7) |
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205 | (1) |
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Scalar field cosmology and quintessence |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (4) |
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Supergravity and cosmology |
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211 | (8) |
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M/string theory and supergravity |
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211 | (1) |
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Superconformal symmetry, supergravity and cosmology |
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212 | (3) |
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Gravitino production after inflation |
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215 | (1) |
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Super-Higgs effect in cosmology |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
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218 | (1) |
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The cosmic microwave background |
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219 | (45) |
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A brief historical perspective |
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220 | (2) |
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Physics of temperature fluctuations |
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222 | (7) |
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Causes of temperature fluctuations |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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The resulting power spectrum |
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228 | (1) |
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Physics of polarization fluctuations |
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229 | (5) |
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230 | (1) |
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Thomson scattering and the quadrupolar source |
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231 | (1) |
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Harmonic expansions and power spectra |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (5) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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Cosmological models and constraints |
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239 | (12) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (1) |
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Power spectrum degeneracies |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (3) |
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Current constraints and upcoming experiments |
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247 | (4) |
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Model-independent cosmological constraints |
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251 | (7) |
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252 | (2) |
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Coherent acoustic oscillations |
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254 | (1) |
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Adiabatic primordial perturbations |
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254 | (1) |
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Gaussian primordial perturbations |
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255 | (1) |
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Tensor or vector perturbations |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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The topology of the universe |
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257 | (1) |
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Finale: testing inflationary cosmology |
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258 | (6) |
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261 | (3) |
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Dark matter search with innovative techniques |
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264 | (18) |
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264 | (7) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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Strategies for WIMP direct detection |
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267 | (4) |
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Phonon-mediated particle detection |
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271 | (2) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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Innovative techniques based on phonon-mediated devices |
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273 | (6) |
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Basic principles of double readout detectors |
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273 | (1) |
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CDMS, EDELWEISS and CRESST experiments |
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274 | (2) |
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Discussion of the CDMS results |
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276 | (3) |
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Other innovative techniques |
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279 | (3) |
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280 | (2) |
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Signature for signals from the dark universe The DAMA Collaboration |
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282 | (14) |
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282 | (3) |
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The highly radiopure ~100 kg Nal (T) set-up |
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285 | (1) |
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Investigation of the WIMP annual modulation signature |
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286 | (6) |
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Results of the model-independent approach |
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286 | (1) |
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Main points on the investigation of possible systematics in the new DAMA/Nal-3 and 4 running periods |
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287 | (3) |
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Results of a model-dependent analysis |
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290 | (2) |
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DAMA annual modulation result versus CDMS exclusion plot |
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292 | (2) |
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294 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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Neutrino oscillations: a phenomenological overview |
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296 | (16) |
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296 | (1) |
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Three-neutrino mixing and oscillations |
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297 | (1) |
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Analysis of the atmospheric data |
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298 | (4) |
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Analysis of the solar data |
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302 | (7) |
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Total rates and expectations |
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302 | (3) |
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Two-flavour oscillations in vacuum |
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305 | (1) |
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Two-flavour oscillations in matter |
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305 | (3) |
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Three-flavour oscillations in matter |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (3) |
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311 | (1) |
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Highlights in modern observational cosmology |
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312 | (32) |
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312 | (1) |
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The cosmological fremework |
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312 | (9) |
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Friedmann cosmological background |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (3) |
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317 | (4) |
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321 | (13) |
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321 | (1) |
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Survey strategies and selection methods |
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322 | (3) |
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Galaxy counts and evolution |
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325 | (3) |
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Colour selection techniques |
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328 | (3) |
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Star formation history in the universe |
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331 | (3) |
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334 | (10) |
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Clusters as cosmological probes |
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334 | (3) |
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337 | (2) |
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339 | (3) |
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342 | (2) |
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Clustering in the universe: from highly nonlinear structures to homogeneity |
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344 | (23) |
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344 | (1) |
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The clustering of galaxies |
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344 | (3) |
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Our distorted view of the galaxy distribution |
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347 | (6) |
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353 | (6) |
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353 | (2) |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (2) |
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Do we really see homogeneity? Variance on ~1000h-1 Mpc scales |
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359 | (4) |
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The REFLEX cluster survey |
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359 | (2) |
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'Peaks and valleys' in the power spectrum |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (4) |
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364 | (3) |
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The debate on galaxy space distribution: an overview |
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367 | (11) |
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367 | (1) |
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The standard approach of clustering correlation |
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367 | (1) |
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Criticisms of the standard approach |
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368 | (1) |
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Mass-length relation and conditional density |
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369 | (1) |
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Homogeneous and fractal structure |
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369 | (1) |
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ξ (r) for a fractal structure |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (2) |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (2) |
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Interpretation of standard results |
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374 | (4) |
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376 | (2) |
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378 | (42) |
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378 | (3) |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (9) |
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381 | (2) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (2) |
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Remarks on the lens equation |
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386 | (4) |
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390 | (8) |
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390 | (3) |
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393 | (2) |
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Singular isothermal sphere |
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395 | (1) |
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Generalization of the singular isothermal sphere |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (8) |
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398 | (8) |
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The lens equation in cosmology |
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406 | (3) |
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Hubble constant from time delays |
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409 | (1) |
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Galaxy clusters as lenses |
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409 | (11) |
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413 | (3) |
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Comparison with results from x-ray observations |
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416 | (1) |
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417 | (3) |
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Numerical simulations in cosmology |
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420 | (54) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (18) |
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421 | (2) |
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Equations of evolution of fluctuations in an expanding universe |
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423 | (2) |
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425 | (4) |
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429 | (4) |
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433 | (4) |
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437 | (2) |
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Spatial and velocity biases |
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439 | (12) |
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439 | (1) |
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440 | (2) |
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442 | (5) |
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447 | (4) |
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451 | (1) |
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451 | (23) |
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451 | (3) |
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Dark matter halos: the NFW and the Moore et al profiles |
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454 | (3) |
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Properties of dark matter halos |
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457 | (5) |
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Halo profiles: convergence study |
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462 | (9) |
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471 | (3) |
| Index |
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474 | |
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