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E-grāmata: Modern Cryptography: Applied Mathematics for Encryption and Information Security

3.91/5 (21 ratings by Goodreads)

Chuck Easttom

Formāts: 608 pages
Izdošanas datums: 09-Oct-2015
Izdevniecība: McGraw-Hill Education
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9781259588099

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Data encryption

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Formāts: 608 pages
Izdošanas datums: 09-Oct-2015
Izdevniecība: McGraw-Hill Education
Valoda: eng
ISBN-13: 9781259588099

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Data encryption

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A Practical Guide to Cryptography Principles and Security Practices

Employ cryptography in real-world security situations using the hands-on information contained in this book. InfoSec expert Chuck Easttom lays out essential math skills and fully explains how to implement cryptographic algorithms in today’s data protection landscape. Find out how to use ciphers and hashes, generate random keys, handle VPN and WiFi security, and encrypt VoIP, Email, and Web communications.Modern Cryptography: Applied Mathematics for Encryption and Information Security covers cryptanalysis, steganography, and cryptographic backdoors.

Learn the necessary number theory, discrete math, and algebra
Employ symmetric ciphers, including Feistel and substitution-permutation ciphers
Understand asymmetric cryptography algorithms
Design s-boxes that maximize output non-linearity
Deploy cryptographic hashes
Create cryptographic keys using pseudo random number generators
Encrypt Web traffic using SSL/TLS
Secure VPN, WiFi, and SSH communications
Work with cryptanalysis and steganography
Explore government, military, and intelligence agency applications

Acknowledgments

xvii

Introduction

xix

Part I Foundations

Chapter 1 History of Cryptography to the 1800s

(20)

Why Study Cryptography?

(1)

What Is Cryptography?

(2)

Substitution Ciphers

(12)

The Caesar Cipher

(2)

Atbash Cipher

(1)

Affine Ciphers

(1)

Homophonic Substitution

(1)

Polybius Cipher

(1)

Null Cipher

(1)

Multi-Alphabet Substitution

(2)

Devices

(3)

Book Ciphers

(1)

Transposition Ciphers

(2)

Reverse Order

(1)

Rail Fence Cipher

(1)

Geometric Shape Cipher

(1)

Columnar Cipher

(1)

Combinations

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

(1)

Answers

(1)

Endnotes

(1)

Chapter 2 History of Cryptography from the 1800s

(20)

Cryptography Marches On

(13)

Playfair Cipher

(2)

Two-Square Cipher

(1)

Four-Square Cipher

(2)

Hill Cipher

(2)

ADFGX and ADFGVX Ciphers

(2)

Bifid Cipher

(1)

Gronsfeld Cipher

(1)

Vernam Cipher

(2)

Cryptography Comes of Age

(4)

Enigma

(2)

SIGABA

(1)

Lorenz Cipher

(1)

IFF Systems

(1)

The NSA: The Early Years

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

(1)

Answers

(1)

Endnotes

(1)

Chapter 3 Basic Information Theory

(20)

The Information Age

(2)

Claude Shannon

(1)

Theorem 1: Shannon's Source Coding Theorem

(1)

Theorem 2: Noisy Channel Theorem

(1)

Core Concepts of Cryptography

(7)

Information Entropy

(3)

Quantifying Information

(1)

Confusion and Diffusion

(1)

Avalanche

(1)

Hamming Distance

(1)

Hamming Weight

(1)

Kerckhoffs's Principle/Shannon's Maxim

(1)

Scientific and Mathematical Theories

(4)

What Is a Mathematical Theory?

(1)

The Scientific Process

(1)

A Scientific Theory

(2)

Binary Math

(4)

Converting

(1)

Binary Operations

(2)

Conclusions

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

(1)

Answers

(1)

Endnotes

(2)

Chapter 4 Essential Number Theory and Discrete Math

(30)

Number Systems

(2)

Natural Numbers

(1)

Negative Numbers

(1)

Rational and Irrational Numbers

(1)

Real Numbers

(1)

Imaginary Numbers

(1)

Prime Numbers

(5)

Finding Prime Numbers

(4)

Relatively Prime, or Co-prime, Numbers

(1)

Important Operations

(4)

Divisibility Theorems

(1)

Summation

(1)

Logarithms

(1)

Modulus Operations

(2)

Famous Number Theorists and Their Contributions

(2)

Fibonacci

(1)

Fermat

(1)

Euler

(1)

Goldbach

(1)

Discrete Mathematics

(12)

Set Theory

(3)

Logic

(4)

Combinatorics

(3)

Graph Theory

(2)

Conclusions

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

(1)

Answers

(1)

Endnote

(2)

Chapter 5 Essential Algebra

(26)

Abstract Algebraic Structures

(4)

Groups

(1)

Rings

(1)

Fields

(1)

Diophantine Equations

(1)

Matrix Math

(5)

Matrix Addition and Multiplication

(2)

Matrix Transposition

(1)

Submatrix

100

(1)

Identity Matrix

100

(2)

Algorithms

102

(7)

Basic Algorithms

102

(1)

Sorting Algorithms

103

(4)

P vs. NP

107

(2)

History Highlights

109

(4)

Ancient Mediterranean Algebra

110

(1)

Ancient Chinese Algebra

111

(1)

Ancient Arabic Algebra

111

(1)

Important Mathematicians

111

(2)

Conclusions

113

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

114

(1)

Answers

115

(1)

Endnote

115

(2)

Part II Symmetric Ciphers and Hashes

Chapter 6 Feistel Networks

117

(26)

Cryptographic Keys

118

(1)

Feistel Function

119

(2)

Unbalanced Feistel

121

(1)

Pseudo-Hadamard Transform

121

(1)

MDS Matrix

122

(1)

Lucifer

122

(2)

DES

124

(3)

3DES

127

(1)

S-Box and P-Box

127

(2)

GOST

129

(1)

Blowfish

130

(2)

Twofish

132

(1)

Skipjack

133

(2)

CAST

135

(1)

FEAL

135

(1)

MARS

135

(1)

TEA

136

(2)

LOKI97

138

(1)

Camellia

138

(1)

ICE

138

(1)

Simon

138

(1)

Symmetric Methods

139

(1)

ECB

139

(1)

CBC

139

(1)

PCBC

140

(1)

CFB

140

(1)

Conclusions

140

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

140

(1)

Answers

141

(1)

Endnotes

141

(2)

Chapter 7 Substitution-Permutation Networks

143

(18)

Replacing DES

143

(1)

Advanced Encryption Standard

144

(4)

Rijndael Steps

144

(1)

Rijndael Outline

145

(1)

Rijndael S-Box

146

(1)

Rijndael Key Schedule

146

(2)

Serpent Algorithm

148

(1)

Serpent S-Boxes and Key Schedule

148

(1)

The Serpent Algorithm

149

(1)

Square

149

(1)

SHARK

149

(1)

SAFER Ciphers

150

(2)

The Round Function

151

(1)

Key Schedule

152

(1)

KHAZAD

152

(1)

NESSIE

152

(1)

Stream Ciphers

153

(5)

LFSR

154

(1)

RC4

154

(2)

FISH

156

(1)

eSTREAM

157

(1)

158

(1)

One-Time Pad

158

(1)

Conclusions

159

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

159

(1)

Answers

160

(1)

Endnotes

160

(1)

Chapter 8 S-Box Design

161

(16)

Why Study S-Box Design?

161

(2)

Critical to Block Ciphers

162

(1)

Designing Ciphers

162

(1)

Altering S-Boxes

163

(1)

General Facts about S-Boxes

163

(4)

Types of S-Boxes

163

(2)

Design Considerations

165

(2)

The DES S-Box

167

(3)

The Actual S-Boxes for DES

168

(2)

The Rijndael S-Box

170

(5)

The Irreducible Polynomial

170

(1)

Multiplicative Inverse

171

(1)

Affine Transformation

172

(1)

Generating the S-Box

173

(1)

Changing the Rijndael S-Box

174

(1)

Conclusions

175

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

175

(1)

Answers

176

(1)

Endnotes

176

(1)

Chapter 9 Cryptographic Hashes

177

(16)

What Is a Cryptographic Hash?

177

(2)

How Are Cryptographic Hashes Used?

179

(1)

Message Integrity

179

(1)

Password Storage

180

(1)

Forensic Integrity

180

(1)

Merkle-Damgard

180

(1)

Specific Algorithms

181

(9)

Checksums

181

(1)

MD5

182

(2)

SHA

184

(3)

RIPEMD

187

(1)

Tiger

187

(1)

HAVAL

188

(1)

Whirlpool

188

(1)

Skein

188

(1)

FSB

189

(1)

GOST

189

(1)

Attacks on Hashes

190

(1)

Salt

190

(1)

MAC and HMAC

191

(1)

Conclusions

191

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

191

(1)

Answers

192

(1)

Endnotes

192

(1)

Part III Asymmetric Ciphers

Chapter 10 Common Algorithms

193

(18)

What Is Asymmetric Cryptography?

193

(5)

RSA

195

(3)

The Rabin Cryptosystem

198

(1)

Diffie-Hellman

198

(1)

ElGamal

199

(1)

MQV

200

(1)

Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding

201

(1)

Cramer-Shoup

201

(1)

Applications

201

(6)

Key Exchange

201

(1)

Digital Signatures

201

(3)

Digital Certificates

204

(2)

SSL/TLS

206

(1)

Homomorphic Encryption

207

(1)

Conclusions

208

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

208

(1)

Answers

208

(1)

Endnote

209

(2)

Chapter 11 Elliptic Curve Cryptography

211

(10)

General Overview

211

(5)

What Is an Elliptic Curve?

212

(1)

Basic Operations on Elliptic Curves

213

(3)

The Algorithm

216

(2)

ECC Variations

218

(2)

ECC Diffie-Hellman

218

(1)

Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm

219

(1)

Conclusions

220

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

220

(1)

Answers

220

(1)

Endnotes

220

(1)

Part IV Applications

Chapter 12 Random Number Generators

221

(20)

What Makes a Good PRNG?

222

(6)

(Desirable) Properties of Pseudo-random Numbers

222

(1)

Tests of Randomness

222

(5)

Standards for PRNG

227

(1)

Specific Algorithms

228

(9)

Middle-Square Algorithm

228

(1)

Linear Congruential Generator

229

(4)

Mersenne Twister

233

(1)

Blum Blum Shub

234

(1)

Yarrow

235

(1)

Fortuna

236

(1)

Dual_EC_DRBG

236

(1)

The Marsaglia CD-ROM

237

(1)

Improving PRNGs

237

(1)

Shuffling

237

(1)

Cryptographic Hash

238

(1)

Conclusions

238

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

238

(1)

Answers

238

(1)

Endnotes

238

(3)

Chapter 13 Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security Protocol

241

(20)

Digital Signatures

241

(3)

Direct Signature

242

(1)

Arbitrated Digital Signature

243

(1)

Digital Certificates

244

(3)

X.509

244

(2)

PGP

246

(1)

Public-Key Infrastructure X.509

247

(1)

SSL and TLS Protocol Basics

248

(10)

History

248

(1)

The Handshake Step-by-Step

249

(2)

SSL/TLS Applications

251

(7)

Conclusions

258

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

258

(1)

Answers

259

(1)

Endnotes

259

(2)

Chapter 14 Virtual Private Networks

261

(16)

Authentication

262

(4)

CHAP

263

(1)

EAP

263

(1)

Kerberos

264

(2)

NTLM

266

(1)

PPTP

266

(1)

PPTP vs. PPP

266

(1)

PPTP Authentication

267

(1)

PPTP Encryption

267

(1)

L2TP

267

(1)

IPSec

268

(3)

IKE Phase 1

269

(1)

IKE Phase 2

270

(1)

SSL/TLS

271

(1)

Other Secure Communications

271

(3)

SSH

271

(1)

Wi-Fi Encryption

272

(2)

Conclusions

274

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

274

(1)

Answers

274

(1)

Endnotes

275

(2)

Chapter 15 Military Applications

277

(16)

NSA and Cryptography

278

(4)

NSA Cryptographic Standards

279

(3)

The Modern Role of the NSA

282

(1)

U.S. Cryptography Laws and Regulations

282

(1)

Cryptography in Other Nations

283

(3)

International Regulations and Agreements

284

(2)

Cryptography and Malware

286

(4)

Weaponized Malware

287

(1)

Cyber-Warfare

288

(1)

TOR

288

(2)

Conclusions

290

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

290

(1)

Answers

291

(1)

Endnotes

291

(2)

Chapter 16 Steganography

293

(20)

Steganography Basics

293

(2)

Steganography History

295

(2)

Steganography Methods and Tools

297

(9)

Steganographic Methods

297

(2)

Steganographic Tools

299

(7)

Current Uses of Steganography

306

(1)

Steganalysis

307

(1)

Distributed Steganography

308

(3)

Total Blocks and Block Order

309

(2)

Conclusions

311

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

311

(1)

Answers

311

(1)

Endnotes

311

(2)

Chapter 17 Cryptanalysis

313

(16)

Classic Cryptanalysis Methods

314

(2)

Frequency Analysis

314

(1)

Kasiski Examination

315

(1)

Modern Methods

316

(4)

Linear Cryptanalysis

316

(1)

Differential Cryptanalysis

317

(2)

Integral Cryptanalysis

319

(1)

Mod n Cryptanalysis

319

(1)

Asymmetric Cryptanalysis and RSA

320

(1)

General Rules for Cryptanalysis

321

(1)

Rainbow Tables

322

(1)

The Birthday Paradox

323

(2)

Other Methods

325

(1)

Other Passwords

325

(1)

Related Data

326

(1)

Spyware

326

(1)

Side-Channel Attack

326

(1)

Resources

326

(1)

Conclusions

327

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

327

(1)

Answers

328

(1)

Endnotes

328

(1)

Chapter 18 Cryptographic Backdoors

329

(12)

What Are Cryptographic Backdoors?

329

(1)

General Properties

330

(4)

Examples of Backdoors

331

(3)

Other Ways to Compromise Cryptography

334

(1)

Heartbleed Bug

334

(1)

Key Escrow

335

(1)

The Prevalence of Backdoors

335

(2)

Governmental Approach

336

(1)

Private Citizen/Group Approach

336

(1)

Countermeasures

337

(1)

Conclusions

338

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

338

(1)

Answers

338

(1)

Endnotes

339

(2)

Chapter 19 The Future of Cryptography

341

(14)

Cryptography and the Cloud

341

(3)

What Is the Cloud?

341

(3)

Cryptography Options for the Cloud

344

(1)

Homomorphic Cryptography

344

(7)

RSA

345

(1)

Goldwasser-Micali

346

(1)

Paillier

346

(5)

Quantum Cryptography

351

(2)

What Is Quantum Mechanics?

352

(1)

Quantum Key Distribution

352

(1)

Breaking Quantum Code

353

(1)

Conclusions

353

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

354

(1)

Answers

354

(1)

Endnotes

354

(1)

Appendix Implementing Cryptography

355

(24)

Index

379

Chuck Easttom (Plano, TX), CISSP, CEH, CHFI, is President and Chief Consultant for CEC-Security, which specializes in IT training and litigation consulting. Chuck has more than 18 years in the IT industry with 10 years of teaching and professional training experience and 10 years in litigation support/expert witness work. Chuck hold seven provisional computer science patents and has authored 15 books, including System Forensics, Investigation And Response, Second Edition, Computer Security Fundamentals, and Computer Crime, Investigation, and the Law.

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E-grāmata: Modern Cryptography: Applied Mathematics for Encryption and Information Security

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