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Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, Second Edition 2nd New edition [Hardback]

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(Texas A&M University, College Station, USA), (Advanced Vehicle Research Center, Danville, Virginia, USA), (McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 557 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 908 g, 500; 43 Tables, black and white; 47 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sērija : Power Electronics and Applications Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Sep-2009
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1420053981
  • ISBN-13: 9781420053982
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, Second Edition 2nd New editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 557 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 908 g, 500; 43 Tables, black and white; 47 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sērija : Power Electronics and Applications Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Sep-2009
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1420053981
  • ISBN-13: 9781420053982
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781420053982.html
Keywords:
Air pollution, global warming, and the steady decrease in petroleum resources continue to stimulate interest in the development of safe, clean, and highly efficient transportation. Building on the foundation of the bestselling first edition, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, Second Edition updates and expands its detailed coverage of the vehicle technologies that offer the most promising solutions to these issues affecting the automotive industry.









Proven as a useful in-depth resource and comprehensive reference for modern automotive systems engineers, students, and researchers, this book speaks from the perspective of the overall drive train system and not just its individual components.









New to the second edition:















A case study appendix that breaks down the Toyota Prius hybrid system Corrections and updates of the material in the first edition Three new chapters on drive train design methodology and control principles A completely rewritten chapter on Fundamentals of Regenerative Braking















Employing sufficient mathematical rigor, the authors comprehensively cover vehicle performance characteristics, EV and HEV configurations, control strategies, modeling, and simulations for modern vehicles.









They also cover topics including:















Drive train architecture analysis and design methodologies Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)-based drive trains Electric propulsion systems Energy storage systems Regenerative braking Fuel cell applications in vehicles Hybrid-electric drive train design



The first edition of this book gave practicing engineers and students a systematic reference to fully understand the essentials of this new technology. This edition introduces newer topics and offers deeper treatments than those included in the first. Revised many times over many years, it will greatly aid engineers, students, researchers, and other professionals who are working in automotive-related industries, as well as those in government and academia.

Recenzijas

... an outstanding job of updating and improving what was already the worlds leading introductory textbook on the topic. ... The new edition couldnt have come at a better time. If hybrid R&D in the United States is moving beyond Michigan, it is due in part to the efforts of the three authors. This book, and the courses based on it, could transform the design and system integration of vehicles. James Gover, IEEE Fellow and Professor of Electrical Engineering, Kettering University, Flint, Michigan, USA, in IEEE Spectrum, April 2010

Preface xv
Authors xix
Environmental Impact and History of Modern Transportation
1(18)
Air Pollution
1(2)
Nitrogen Oxides
2(1)
Carbon Monoxide
2(1)
Unburned HCs
3(1)
Other Pollutants
3(1)
Global Warming
3(2)
Petroleum Resources
5(3)
Induced Costs
8(1)
Importance of Different Transportation Development Strategies to Future Oil Supply
9(3)
History of EVs
12(2)
History of HEVs
14(3)
History of Fuel Cell Vehicles
17(1)
References
18(1)
Fundamentals of Vehicle Propulsion and Brake
19(48)
General Description of Vehicle Movement
19(1)
Vehicle Resistance
20(6)
Rolling Resistance
20(3)
Aerodynamic Drag
23(1)
Grading Resistance
24(2)
Dynamic Equation
26(2)
Tire-Ground Adhesion and Maximum Tractive Effort
28(2)
Power Train Tractive Effort and Vehicle Speed
30(2)
Vehicle Power Plant and Transmission Characteristics
32(11)
Power Plant Characteristics
32(3)
Transmission Characteristics
35(1)
Manual Gear Transmission
35(3)
Hydrodynamic Transmission
38(4)
Continuously Variable Transmission
42(1)
Vehicle Performance
43(5)
Maximum Speed of a Vehicle
43(1)
Gradeability
44(1)
Acceleration Performance
45(3)
Operating Fuel Economy
48(5)
Fuel Economy Characteristics of IC Engines
48(1)
Computation of Vehicle Fuel Economy
49(2)
Basic Techniques to Improve Vehicle Fuel Economy
51(2)
Brake Performance
53(12)
Braking Force
53(2)
Braking Distribution on Front and Rear Axles
55(6)
Braking Regulation and Braking Performance Analysis
61(1)
Braking Regulation
61(1)
Braking Performance Analysis
62(3)
References
65(2)
Internal Combustion Engines
67(38)
4S, Spark-Ignited IC Engines
67(21)
Operating Principles
67(2)
Operation Parameters
69(1)
Rating Values of Engines
69(1)
Indicated Work per Cycles and Mean Effective Pressure
69(2)
Mechanical Efficiency
71(1)
Specific Fuel Consumption and Efficiency
72(1)
Specific Emissions
73(1)
Fuel/Air and Air/Fuel Ratios
73(1)
Volumetric Efficiency
74(1)
Relationships between Operation and Performance Parameters
75(1)
Engine Operation Characteristics
76(1)
Engine Performance Parameters
76(1)
Indicated and Brake Power and Torque
77(1)
Fuel Consumption Characteristics
78(1)
Design and Operating Variables Affecting SI Engine Performance, Efficiency, and Emission Characteristics
78(1)
Compression Ratio
79(1)
Spark Timing
80(2)
Fuel/Air Equivalent Ratio
82(2)
Emission Control
84(1)
Basic Techniques for Improving Engine Performance, Efficiency, and Emissions
85(1)
Forced Induction
85(1)
Gasoline Direct Injection and Lean-Burn Engines
86(1)
Multi- and Variable-Valve Timing
86(1)
Throttle-Less Torque Control
87(1)
Variable Compression Ratio
87(1)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
87(1)
Intelligent Ignition
87(1)
New Engine Materials
87(1)
4S, Compression-Ignition IC Engines
88(1)
2S Engines
89(4)
Wankel Rotary Engines
93(2)
Stirling Engines
95(5)
Gas Turbine Engines
100(3)
Quasi-Isothermal Brayton Cycle Engines
103(1)
References
104(1)
Electric Vehicles
105(18)
Configurations of EVs
105(3)
Performance of EVs
108(7)
Traction Motor Characteristics
108(1)
Tractive Effort and Transmission Requirement
109(3)
Vehicle Performance
112(3)
Tractive Effort in Normal Driving
115(5)
Energy Consumption
120(2)
References
122(1)
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
123(28)
Concept of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains
123(3)
Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains
126(23)
Series Hybrid Electric Drive Trains (Electrical Coupling)
128(2)
Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Trains (Mechanical Coupling)
130(2)
Parallel Hybrid Drive Train with Torque Coupling
132(6)
Parallel Hybrid Drive Train with Speed Coupling
138(6)
Hybrid Drive Trains with Both Torque and Speed Coupling
144(5)
References
149(2)
Electric Propulsion Systems
151(102)
DC Motor Drives
154(14)
Principle of Operation and Performance
154(4)
Combined Armature Voltage and Field Control
158(1)
Chopper Control of DC Motors
158(5)
Multi-Quadrant Control of Chopper-Fed DC Motor Drives
163(1)
Two-Quadrant Control of Forward Motoring and Regenerative Braking
164(3)
Four-Quadrant Operation
167(1)
Induction Motor Drives
168(32)
Basic Operation Principles of Induction Motors
169(3)
Steady-State Performance
172(2)
Constant Volt/Hertz Control
174(2)
Power Electronic Control
176(3)
Field Orientation Control
179(1)
Field Orientation Principles
179(8)
Control
187(2)
Direction Rotor Flux Orientation Scheme
189(3)
Indirect Rotor Flux Orientation Scheme
192(1)
Voltage Source Inverter for FOC
193(2)
Voltage Control in Voltage Source Inverter
195(3)
Current Control in Voltage Source Inverter
198(2)
Permanent Magnetic BLDC Motor Drives
200(17)
Basic Principles of BLDC Motor Drives
203(1)
BLDC Machine Construction and Classification
203(2)
Properties of PM Materials
205(1)
Alnico
206(2)
Ferrites
208(1)
Rare-Earth PMs
208(1)
Performance Analysis and Control of BLDC Machines
208(1)
Performance Analysis
209(2)
Control of BLDC Motor Drives
211(2)
Extend Speed Technology
213(1)
Sensorless Techniques
213(1)
Methods Using Measurables and Math
214(1)
Methods Using Observers
215(1)
Methods Using Back EMF Sensing
215(1)
Unique Sensorless Techniques
216(1)
SRM Drives
217(30)
Basic Magnetic Structure
218(4)
Torque Production
222(2)
SRM Drive Converter
224(2)
Modes of Operation
226(1)
Generating Mode of Operation (Regenerative Braking)
227(3)
Sensorless Control
230(1)
Phase Flux Linkage-Based Method
231(1)
Phase Inductance-Based Method
232(1)
Modulated Signal Injection Methods
233(3)
Mutual-Induced Voltage-Based Method
236(1)
Observer-Based Methods
236(1)
Self-Tuning Techniques of SRM Drives
236(1)
Self-Tuning with Arithmetic Method
237(1)
Self-Tuning Using an ANN
238(2)
Vibration and Acoustic Noise in SRM
240(3)
SRM Design
243(1)
Number of Stator and Rotor Poles
243(1)
Stator Outer Diameter
244(1)
Rotor Outer Diameter
244(1)
Air Gap
245(1)
Stator Arc
245(1)
Stator Back Iron
245(1)
Performance Prediction
246(1)
References
247(6)
Design Principle of Series (Electrical Coupling) Hybrid Electric Drive Train
253(28)
Operation Patterns
254(2)
Control Strategies
256(3)
Max. SOC-of-PPS Control Strategy
256(1)
Engine On-Off or Thermostat Control Strategy
257(2)
Design Principles of a Series (Electrical Coupling) Hybrid Drive Train
259(13)
Electrical Coupling Device
259(5)
Power Rating Design of the Traction Motor
264(3)
Power Rating Design of the Engine/Generator
267(3)
Design of PPS
270(1)
Power Capacity of PPS
271(1)
Energy Capacity of PPS
271(1)
Design Example
272(7)
Design of Traction Motor Size
272(1)
Design of the Gear Ratio
272(1)
Verification of Acceleration Performance
273(1)
Verification of Gradeability
274(1)
Design of Engine/Generator Size
275(2)
Design of the Power Capacity of PPS
277(1)
Design of the Energy Capacity of PPS
277(2)
Fuel Consumption
279(1)
References
279(2)
Parallel (Mechanically Coupled) Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design
281(28)
Drive Train Configuration and Design Objectives
281(2)
Control Strategies
283(12)
Max. SOC-of-PPS Control Strategy
284(3)
Engine On-Off (Thermostat) Control Strategy
287(1)
Constrained Engine On-Off Control Strategy
288(2)
Fuzzy Logic Control Technique
290(2)
Dynamic Programming Technique
292(3)
Parametric Design of a Drive Train
295(10)
Engine Power Design
295(3)
Transmission Design
298(1)
Electric Motor Drive Power Design
299(3)
PPS Design
302(3)
Simulations
305(2)
References
307(2)
Design and Control Methodology of Series-Parallel (Torque and Speed Coupling) Hybrid Drive Train
309(24)
Drive Train Configuration
309(11)
Speed-Coupling Analysis
309(4)
Drive Train Configuration
313(7)
Drive Train Control Methodology
320(8)
Control System
320(1)
Engine Speed Control Approach
320(1)
Traction Torque Control Approach
321(2)
Drive Train Control Strategies
323(1)
Engine Speed Control Strategy
323(2)
Traction Torque Control Strategy
325(3)
Regenerative Braking Control
328(1)
Drive Train Parameters Design
328(1)
Simulation of an Example Vehicle
329(3)
References
332(1)
Design and Control Principles of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
333(20)
Statistics of Daily Driving Distance
333(2)
Energy Management Strategy
335(11)
AER-Focused Control Strategy
335(6)
Blended Control Strategy
341(5)
Energy Storage Design
346(5)
References
351(2)
Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design
353(22)
Energy Consumed in Braking and Transmission
353(2)
Parallel Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train
355(10)
Configuration
355(1)
Operating Modes and Control Strategy
355(1)
Drive Train Design
356(4)
Performance
360(5)
Series-Parallel Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train
365(7)
Configuration of the Drive Train with a Planetary Gear Unit
365(2)
Operating Modes and Control
367(1)
Speed-Coupling Operating Mode
367(1)
Torque-Coupling Operating Mode
368(1)
Engine-Alone Traction Mode
369(1)
Motor-Alone Traction Mode
369(1)
Regenerative Braking Mode
370(1)
Engine Starting
370(1)
Control Strategy
370(1)
Drive Train with a Floating-Stator Motor
371(1)
References
372(3)
Peaking Power Sources and Energy Storages
375(36)
Electrochemical Batteries
375(15)
Electrochemical Reactions
378(1)
Thermodynamic Voltage
379(1)
Specific Energy
380(2)
Specific Power
382(2)
Energy Efficiency
384(1)
Battery Technologies
385(1)
Lead-Acid Battery
385(1)
Nickel-Based Batteries
386(2)
Lithium-Based Batteries
388(2)
Ultracapacitors
390(7)
Features of Ultracapacitors
390(1)
Basic Principles of Ultracapacitors
391(1)
Performance of Ultracapacitors
392(4)
Ultracapacitor Technologies
396(1)
Ultra-High-Speed Flywheels
397(7)
Operation Principles of Flywheels
397(3)
Power Capacity of Flywheel Systems
400(2)
Flywheel Technologies
402(2)
Hybridization of Energy Storages
404(6)
Concept of Hybrid Energy Storage
404(1)
Passive and Active Hybrid Energy Storage with Battery and Ultracapacitor
404(2)
Battery and Ultracapacitor Size Design
406(4)
References
410(1)
Fundamentals of Regenerative Breaking
411(22)
Braking Energy Consumed in Urban Driving
411(2)
Braking Energy versus Vehicle Speed
413(3)
Braking Energy versus Braking Power
416(1)
Braking Power versus Vehicle Speed
416(1)
Braking Energy versus Vehicle Deceleration Rate
417(2)
Braking Energy on Front and Rear Axles
419(1)
Brake System of EV, HEV, and FCV
420(11)
Parallel Hybrid Braking System
420(1)
Design and Control Principles with Fixed Ratios between Electric and Mechanical Braking Forces
420(2)
Design and Control Principles for Maximum Regenerative Braking
422(4)
Fully Controllable Hybrid Brake System
426(1)
Control Strategy for Optimal Braking Performance
427(2)
Control Strategy for Optimal Energy Recovery
429(2)
References
431(2)
Fuel Cells
433(26)
Operating Principles of Fuel Cells
433(4)
Electrode Potential and Current-Voltage Curve
437(3)
Fuel and Oxidant Consumption
440(1)
Fuel Cell System Characteristics
441(2)
Fuel Cell Technologies
443(7)
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
443(1)
Alkaline Fuel Cells
444(2)
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells
446(1)
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
447(1)
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
448(1)
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
449(1)
Fuel Supply
450(7)
Hydrogen Storage
450(1)
Compressed Hydrogen
450(2)
Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen
452(1)
Metal Hydrides
453(1)
Hydrogen Production
454(1)
Steam Reforming
454(1)
POX Reforming
455(1)
Autothermal Reforming
456(1)
Ammonia as Hydrogen Carrier
457(1)
Non-Hydrogen Fuel Cells
457(1)
References
458(1)
Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design
459(12)
Configuration
459(2)
Control Strategy
461(2)
Parametric Design
463(3)
Motor Power Design
463(1)
Power Design of the Fuel Cell System
464(1)
Design of the Power and Energy Capacity of the PPS
465(1)
Power Capacity of the PPS
465(1)
Energy Capacity of the PPS
465(1)
Design Example
466(3)
References
469(2)
Design of Series Hybrid Drive Train for Off-Road Vehicles
471(28)
Motion Resistance
471(7)
Motion Resistance Caused by Terrain Compaction
472(3)
Motion Resistance Caused by Terrain Bulldozing
475(1)
Internal Resistance of the Running Gear
476(1)
Tractive Effort of a Terrain
476(1)
Drawbar Pull
477(1)
Tracked Series Hybrid Vehicle Drive Train Architecture
478(1)
Parametric Design of the Drive Train
479(10)
Traction Motor Power Design
480(1)
Vehicle Thrust versus Speed
480(1)
Motor Power and Acceleration Performance
481(1)
Motor Power and Gradeability
482(3)
Steering Maneuver of a Tracked Vehicle
485(4)
Engine/Generator Power Design
489(1)
Power and Energy Design of Energy Storage
490(6)
Peaking Power for Traction
491(1)
Peaking Power for Nontraction
491(3)
Energy Design of Batteries/Ultracapacitors
494(1)
Combination of Batteries and Ultracapacitors
494(2)
References
496(3)
Appendix Technical Overview of Toyota Prius
499(20)
Vehicle Performance
499(1)
Overview of Prius Hybrid Power Train and Control Systems
499(2)
Major Components
501(11)
Engine
501(1)
Hybrid Transaxle
501(1)
HV Battery
502(4)
Inverter Assembly
506(1)
Booster Converter (2004 and Later)
506(1)
Inverter
506(1)
DC-DC Converter
507(1)
AC Inverter
507(1)
Brake System
507(2)
Regenerative Brake Cooperative Control
509(1)
Electronic Brake Distribution Control (2004 and Later Models)
509(1)
Brake Assist System (2004 and Later Models)
510(1)
Electric Power Steering
510(2)
Enhanced Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) System (2004 and Later Prius)
512(1)
Hybrid System Control Modes
512(7)
Index 519
Dr. Mehrdad Ehsani has been at Texas A&M University, College Station, since 1981 and is the Robert M. Kennedy Endowed Chair of electrical engineering and director of the Advanced Vehicle Systems Research Program and the Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory. He is Fellow of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), Fellow of SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), the recipient of the Avant Garde Award for hybrid vehicle technology development in the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society, founder of IEEE Power and Propulsion Conference, as well as numerous other honors and recognitions. He is the author of numerous books, technical publications, and patents in power electronics, motor drives, and vehicle electrical and propulsion systems.









Dr. Yimin Gao received his BS, MS, and Ph.D in mechanical engineering (major in development, design, and manufacturing of automotive systems) in 1982, 1986, and 1991, respectively, all from Jilin University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China. He joined the Advanced Vehicle Systems Research Program at Texas A&M University in 1995 as a research associate. Since then, he has been working in this program on research and development of electric and hybrid electric vehicles.









Dr. Ali Emadi is the Harris Perlstein Endowed Chair Professor of electrical engineering and the director of the Electric Power and Power Electronics Center and Grainger Laboratories at Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT). He is also founder and president of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technologies, Inc. (HEVT).