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Modern HF Signal Detection and Direction-Finding [Hardback]

(MIT Lincoln Laboratory)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 368 pages, height x width: 229x178 mm, 3 color illus., 126 b&w illus.
  • Sērija : MIT Lincoln Laboratory Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Sep-2018
  • Izdevniecība: MIT Press
  • ISBN-10: 0262038293
  • ISBN-13: 9780262038294
  • Hardback
  • Cena: 157,45 €
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 368 pages, height x width: 229x178 mm, 3 color illus., 126 b&w illus.
  • Sērija : MIT Lincoln Laboratory Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Sep-2018
  • Izdevniecība: MIT Press
  • ISBN-10: 0262038293
  • ISBN-13: 9780262038294

Detailed descriptions of detection, direction-finding, and signal-estimation methods, using consistent formalisms and notation, emphasizing HF antenna array sensing applications.

Adaptive antenna array technology encompasses many powerful interference suppression approaches that exploit spatial differences among signals reaching a radio receiver system. Today, worldwide propagation phenomenology occurring in the High Frequency (HF) radio regime has made such interference common. In this book, Jay Sklar, a longtime researcher at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, presents detailed descriptions of detection, direction-finding, and signal-estimation methods applicable at HF, using consistent formalisms and notation. Modern electronic system technology has made many of these techniques affordable and practical; the goal of the book is to offer practicing engineers a comprehensive and self-contained reference that will encourage more widespread application of these approaches.

The book is based on the author's thirty years of managing MIT Lincoln Laboratory work on the application of adaptive antenna array technologies to the sensing of HF communication signals. After an overview of HF propagation phenomenology, communication signal formats, and HF receiver architectural approaches, Sklar describes the HF propagation environment in more detail; introduces important modulation approaches and signaling protocols used at HF; discusses HF receiver system architectural features; and addresses signal processor architecture and its implementation. He then presents the technical foundation for the book: the vector model for a signal received at an adaptive array antenna. He follows this with discussions of actual signal processing techniques for detection and direction finding, including specific direction-finding algorithms; geolocation techniques; and signal estimation.



Detailed descriptions of detection, direction-finding, and signal-estimation methods, using consistent formalisms and notation, emphasizing HF antenna array sensing applications.
List of Figures
ix
List of Tables
xv
Preface xvii
About the Author xix
1 Introduction
1(10)
1.1 Overview
1(3)
1.2 High-Frequency Propagation
4(2)
1.3 HF Band Utilization
6(1)
1.4 Motivations for Adaptive Antenna Array Application at HF
6(1)
1.5 Overall Plan of the Book
7(4)
2 HF Propagation Physics and Its Effect on Signals
11(40)
2.1 Ionospheric Medium
11(7)
2.2 Wave Propagation in the Ionosphere
18(28)
2.3 HF Noise Environment
46(2)
2.4 Diurnal Variations
48(3)
3 Common HF Modulation Protocols
51(38)
3.1 Introduction
51(3)
3.2 Analog Signal Modulation Alternatives
54(7)
3.3 Digital Modulation Approaches
61(5)
3.4 Binary Phase-Shift Keying
66(9)
3.5 HF Modem Design
75(2)
3.6 Government Standards
77(7)
3.7 Summary
84(1)
3.8 Appendix: Morse Code
84(5)
4 HF Receiver Architectural Approaches
89(28)
4.1 Overview
89(1)
4.2 Architecture Options
90(10)
4.3 Image Control
100(4)
4.4 Analog-to-Digital Converters: Issues and Performance
104(13)
5 HF Array-Processing Architecture
117(14)
5.1 Detection
117(3)
5.2 Direction Finding
120(2)
5.3 Copy
122(2)
5.4 Reconstruction
124(1)
5.5 Signal Sorting
125(2)
5.6 Geolocation
127(4)
6 Vector Models for Adaptive Array Signals
131(20)
6.1 Overview
131(1)
6.2 Array Signal Model
132(2)
6.3 Ideal Propagation Model
134(3)
6.4 A Simple Example
137(4)
6.5 Beam Formation
141(1)
6.6 Weight Vector Computation
142(2)
6.7 Polarization-Sensitive Arrays
144(7)
7 Signal Detection Processing
151(34)
7.1 Overview
151(2)
7.2 HF Environmental Detection Issues
153(2)
7.3 Likelihood Ratio Detection
155(4)
7.4 Perturbation Discovery
159(17)
7.5 Temporally Oriented Detection
176(2)
7.6 Spectrally Oriented Detection
178(2)
7.7 High-Order Statistics
180(5)
8 Array Evaluation: Direction Finding Performance Bounds
185(32)
8.1 Overview
185(1)
8.2 Value of Bounds
186(6)
8.3 Cramer-Rao Bound
192(6)
8.4 Minimum Mean Square Error Bound
198(1)
8.5 Weiss-Weinstein Bound
199(2)
8.6 HF Array Geometry
201(10)
8.7 Some Common HF Antenna Examples
211(6)
9 Direction Finding Techniques for HF Applications
217(32)
9.1 Overview
217(1)
9.2 Interferometry: Phase Fitting
217(3)
9.3 Maximum Likelihood Approach to LOB Estimation
220(5)
9.4 The Vector Space Approach---The MUSIC Algorithm
225(6)
9.5 Direction Finding with Polarization-Sensitive Arrays
231(7)
9.6 Feature-Based Methods
238(6)
9.7 Eigenvector Rotation
244(5)
10 Geolocation Techniques
249(20)
10.1 Overview
249(1)
10.2 Multisensor Angle-Only Geolocation
250(6)
10.3 Single-Site Geolocation
256(3)
10.4 Mode Differential Geolocation
259(6)
10.5 Multisite Differential Time-of-Arrival Geolocation
265(4)
11 Copy: Steering Vector Methods
269(20)
11.1 Overview
269(1)
11.2 MSE Beamformer
270(1)
11.3 Steering Vector-Based Copy
271(2)
11.4 MUSIC-Based Copy
273(4)
11.5 Polarization-Based Methods
277(2)
11.6 Copy Weight Tracking
279(3)
11.7 Wideband Processing
282(7)
12 Copy: Feature Exploitation Methods
289(52)
12.1 Overview
289(1)
12.2 Carrier-Based Nulling
290(7)
12.3 Rate Line-Based Approaches
297(9)
12.4 Constant Modulus Processing
306(3)
12.5 Spectral Difference Processing
309(10)
12.6 On-Off Keyed Signals
319(5)
12.7 Radar Signals
324(6)
12.8 Voice-Modulated Signals
330(11)
Index 341