Preface |
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xv | |
Guide to using the book |
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xviii | |
Guide to the companion website |
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xx | |
Table of cases |
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xxiii | |
Table of legislation |
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li | |
Table of international legislation and instruments |
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lvii | |
1 Introduction |
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1 | (30) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (3) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.4 The classical law of contract |
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6 | (2) |
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1.5 The subject matter of contract law |
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8 | (5) |
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1.6 Discrete and relational transactions |
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13 | (2) |
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1.7 Contract, tort and restitution |
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15 | (2) |
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1.8 A law of contract or law of contracts? |
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17 | (3) |
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1.9 Different approaches to analysing contract |
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20 | (3) |
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1.10 International influences |
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23 | (1) |
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1.11 European influence on English contract law |
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24 | (5) |
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29 | (2) |
2 Forming The Agreement |
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31 | (62) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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2.3 Deeds and other formalities |
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33 | (2) |
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2.4 General lack of formal requirement |
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35 | (1) |
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2.5 The external signs of agreement |
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36 | (1) |
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2.6 Historical background |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (10) |
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2.8 Unilateral and bilateral contracts |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (9) |
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2.12 Methods of acceptance |
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60 | (21) |
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2.13 Acceptance and the termination of an offer |
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81 | (2) |
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2.14 Retraction of acceptance |
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83 | (3) |
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2.15 Certainty in offer and acceptance |
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86 | (4) |
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2.16 Summary of key points |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
3 Consideration And Other Tests Of Enforceability |
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93 | (50) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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3.4 Consideration or reliance? |
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96 | (2) |
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3.5 Benefit and detriment |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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3.7 Consideration need not be 'adequate' but must be 'sufficient' |
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100 | (4) |
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3.8 Past consideration is no consideration |
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104 | (2) |
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3.9 Performance of existing duties |
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106 | (12) |
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3.10 Consideration and the variation of contracts |
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118 | (2) |
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3.11 The doctrine of promissory estoppel |
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120 | (2) |
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3.12 Promissory estoppel and consideration |
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122 | (7) |
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3.13 The part payment of debts |
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129 | (4) |
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3.14 Other types of estoppel |
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133 | (1) |
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3.15 Alternative tests of enforceability |
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134 | (6) |
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3.16 Summary of key points |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (2) |
4 Intention To Create Legal Relations |
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143 | (16) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (4) |
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4.4 Commercial agreements |
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150 | (5) |
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4.5 Collective agreements |
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155 | (1) |
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4.6 In focus: is a requirement of intention necessary? |
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156 | (2) |
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4.7 Summary of key points |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
5 Privity |
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159 | (34) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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5.3 The rationale for the doctrine |
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161 | (3) |
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5.4 Development of the doctrine |
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164 | (4) |
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168 | (1) |
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5.6 The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 |
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168 | (6) |
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5.7 Damages on behalf of another |
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174 | (4) |
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5.8 The trust of a promise |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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5.10 The tort of negligence |
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180 | (2) |
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5.11 Statutory exceptions |
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182 | (1) |
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5.12 Privity and exclusion clauses |
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182 | (5) |
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5.13 Imposing burdens: restrictive covenants |
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187 | (2) |
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5.14 The role of the law of tort |
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189 | (1) |
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5.15 Summary of key points |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
6 The Contents Of The Contract |
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193 | (42) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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6.3 Distinction between representations and terms |
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195 | (4) |
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6.4 Remedies for pre-contractual statements |
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199 | (4) |
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203 | (12) |
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215 | (15) |
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6.7 The Consumer Rights Act 2015 |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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6.9 Summary of key points |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (3) |
7 Clauses Excluding Or Limiting Liability |
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235 | (48) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (6) |
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244 | (11) |
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255 | (1) |
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7.7 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 |
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256 | (15) |
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7.8 The Consumer Rights Act 2015 |
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271 | (9) |
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7.9 Summary of key points |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (3) |
8 Misrepresentation |
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283 | (34) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (4) |
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8.3 Definition of misrepresentation |
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288 | (9) |
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8.4 Remedies for misrepresentation |
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297 | (12) |
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8.5 Exclusion of liability for misrepresentation |
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309 | (5) |
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8.6 Summary of key points |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (3) |
9 Mistake |
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317 | (32) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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9.3 Categories of mistake |
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319 | (3) |
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9.4 Mistakes nullifying agreement ('common mistake') |
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322 | (6) |
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9.5 Mistakes negativing agreement |
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328 | (11) |
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339 | (2) |
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9.7 Forms of equitable relief |
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341 | (3) |
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9.8 Contracts signed under a mistake |
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344 | (1) |
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9.9 In focus: conclusions on 'mistake' |
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345 | (2) |
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9.10 Summary of key points |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (2) |
10 Duress |
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349 | (18) |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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10.3 Duress by threats of violence or other coercion |
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350 | (6) |
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356 | (8) |
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364 | (1) |
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10.6 Summary of key points |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (2) |
11 Undue Influence |
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367 | (30) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (3) |
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11.3 Actual undue influence |
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371 | (1) |
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11.4 Presumed influence: recognised relationships |
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372 | (2) |
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11.5 Presumed influence: other relationships |
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374 | (2) |
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11.6 Relevance of the disadvantageous nature of the transaction |
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376 | (3) |
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11.7 Summary of current position on presumed undue influence |
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379 | (1) |
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11.8 Undue influence and third parties |
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379 | (10) |
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11.9 Remedies for undue influence |
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389 | (2) |
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11.10 Unconscionability and inequality of bargaining power |
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391 | (3) |
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11.11 Summary of key points |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (2) |
12 Illegality And Public Policy |
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397 | (36) |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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12.3 In focus: rationales for the unenforceability of illegal contracts |
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399 | (3) |
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12.4 Categories of illegality |
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402 | (8) |
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12.5 Contracts to indemnify |
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410 | (2) |
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12.6 Effects of illegality: enforcement |
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412 | (3) |
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12.7 Effects of illegality: recovery of money or property |
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415 | (2) |
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12.8 Traditional exceptions to the traditional rule |
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417 | (5) |
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422 | (1) |
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12.10 In focus: proposals for reform |
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422 | (1) |
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12.11 Agreements contrary to public policy |
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423 | (1) |
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12.12 Contracts concerning marriage |
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424 | (2) |
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12.13 Contracts promoting sexual immorality |
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426 | (1) |
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12.14 Contracts to oust the jurisdiction of the courts |
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427 | (2) |
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12.15 Contracts in restraint of trade |
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429 | (1) |
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12.16 Effect of contracts contrary to public policy |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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12.18 Summary of key points |
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430 | (1) |
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431 | (2) |
13 Frustration |
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433 | (26) |
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433 | (1) |
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434 | (4) |
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438 | (5) |
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13.4 Limitations on the doctrine |
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443 | (4) |
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13.5 Effects of frustration: common law |
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447 | (2) |
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13.6 Effects of frustration: the Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act 1943 |
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449 | (7) |
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13.7 Summary of key points |
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456 | (1) |
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456 | (3) |
14 Discharge By Performance Or Breach |
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459 | (28) |
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459 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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14.3 Discharge by performance |
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461 | (6) |
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14.4 Tender of performance |
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467 | (1) |
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14.5 Time for performance |
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467 | (2) |
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469 | (9) |
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14.7 Some special types of breach |
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478 | (2) |
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480 | (1) |
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14.9 Effect of breach: right of election |
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481 | (3) |
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14.10 Summary of key points |
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484 | (1) |
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485 | (2) |
15 Remedies And Restitution |
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487 | (56) |
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487 | (1) |
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488 | (1) |
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489 | (3) |
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492 | (14) |
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15.5 Non-compensatory damages |
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506 | (8) |
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15.6 Limitations on recovery |
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514 | (11) |
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15.7 Liquidated damages and penalty clauses |
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525 | (3) |
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15.8 Restitution and unjust enrichment |
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528 | (6) |
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15.9 Specific performance |
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534 | (5) |
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539 | (1) |
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15.11 Summary of key points |
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540 | (1) |
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540 | (3) |
Bibliography |
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543 | (10) |
Index |
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553 | |