Contributors |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
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Part I Mechanisms of Sleep Deprivation and General Dietary Therapies |
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1 Diet, Age, and Sleep in Invertebrate Model Organisms |
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3 | (1) |
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How Do We Know that the Animal Is Sleeping? |
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3 | (1) |
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Different Ways to Evaluate Sleep |
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4 | (1) |
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Correlations between Ecological Niche and Sleep Behavior |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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Effects of Disease and Age on Sleep |
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7 | (1) |
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Effects of Sleep on Feeding and Disease |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (3) |
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2 The Role of Sleep in the Control of Feeding Behavior |
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11 | (1) |
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Effect of Sleep Restriction on Hunger and Food Intake |
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12 | (1) |
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Neuroendocrine Control of Food Intake and Sleep Duration |
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12 | (2) |
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Sleep Restriction and Food Choice |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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3 Diagnosis and Treatment of Shift Work Disorder |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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Symptoms and Diagnosis of SWD |
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18 | (1) |
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Differential Diagnosis of SWD |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (3) |
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Nonpharmacologic Interventions |
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20 | (1) |
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Nonprescription Interventions |
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21 | (1) |
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Pharmacologic Interventions |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (3) |
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4 Normal Sleep and Its Neurophysiological Regulation |
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Normal Sleep Pattern over the Night |
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25 | (2) |
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Measurement of Sleep: Polysomnography |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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Sleep is Regulated by Circadian and Homeostatic Mechanisms |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (3) |
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History of Sleep Mechanisms |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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Neural Control of NREM Sleep |
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30 | (1) |
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Neural Control of REM Sleep |
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30 | (1) |
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Sleep Mechanisms and the Circadian Clock |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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5 The 1-2-3s of Pediatric Sleep Disorders |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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Insufficient Sleep Syndrome |
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34 | (1) |
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Sleep History/Physical Examination |
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34 | (1) |
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Diagnostic Tools for Pediatric Sleep Disorders |
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35 | (1) |
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Behavioral Insomnia of Childhood |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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Circadian Rhythm Disorders---Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome |
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37 | (1) |
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Rhythmic Movement Disorders |
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38 | (1) |
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Periodic Limb Movement Disorder |
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38 | (1) |
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Sleep Disordered Breathing |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (3) |
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6 Sleep Disturbances, Body Mass Index, and Eating Behavior |
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43 | (1) |
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Studies Exploring the Effect of Sleep Difficulties on the Modulation of Eating Disturbances/BMI |
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44 | (1) |
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Short/Long Sleep Duration and Weight: Findings from Epidemiological, Population-Based Cohort Studies and Laboratorial Studies |
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44 | (1) |
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Sleep Difficulties and Eating Behavior Disturbance/BMI in Convenience Samples of Subjects from the General Population |
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44 | (1) |
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Nocturnal Sleep-Related Eating Disorder and Eating Disturbance/BMI |
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45 | (1) |
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Studies Exploring Eating Behavior Disturbances/BMI Effect on Modulation of Sleep Difficulties |
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45 | (5) |
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Eating Disorders and Sleep |
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45 | (2) |
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Night Eating Syndrome and Sleep |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (1) |
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Eating Behavior Disturbances and Sleep Modulation in General Population Subjects |
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49 | (1) |
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Longitudinal Studies in General Population Subjects Exploring the Bidirectional Association between Sleep and Eating Disturbances/BMI: Our Contribution |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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Body Mass Index versus Eating Behavior Disturbances Associations with Sleep |
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51 | (1) |
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BMI and Eating Disturbances |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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Eating Disturbances, Weight/BMI and Sleep Difficulties |
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52 | (1) |
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Potential Mechanisms of Association |
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52 | (3) |
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Psychological Correlates of Eating Behavior Disturbances and Sleep Problems |
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52 | (2) |
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Feeding Behavior, Sleep, and Arousal: Neurobiologic Mechanisms |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (6) |
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Part II Obesity and Sleep Apnea |
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7 Neurocognitive Functions in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome |
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Neurocognitive Functions in Untreated OSA Patients |
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64 | (1) |
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Neurocognitive Functions Before and After CPAP Treatment |
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64 | (1) |
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Neurocognitive Function in OSA Patients Who Received Different Modes of Treatment |
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65 | (1) |
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Neurocognitive Functions after CPAP Withdrawal |
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66 | (1) |
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Does Treating Sleep Apnea Improve Neurocognitive Function? |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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8 Adipose Tissue in Sleep Apnea: Effects of Hypoxia and Inflammation |
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Claudia Irene Gruttad'Auria |
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Alessandra Castrogiovanni |
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69 | (1) |
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Hypoxia and Inflammation in Adipose Tissue |
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69 | (3) |
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Effects of Intermittent or Continuous Hypoxia |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (3) |
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9 Exercise, Diet, and Obese Adolescents: Association with Sleep Deprivation |
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Purification Gomez-Abellan |
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Sleep Habits in Adolescents |
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77 | (1) |
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Different Factors in Sleep Duration and Quality |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Relationship between Sleep Habits and Obesity |
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78 | (1) |
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Energy Intake, Sleep, and Obesity |
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79 | (1) |
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Energy Expenditure, Sleep, and Obesity |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (8) |
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10 Sleep and Hypoxemia in Adults |
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Montserrat Resendiz-Garcia |
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Violeta Alejandra Castano-Meneses |
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89 | (2) |
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11 Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome |
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91 | (1) |
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Mechanisms Underlying the Development of OHS |
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91 | (4) |
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Obesity and Lung Function |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Sleep-Disordered Breathing |
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93 | (1) |
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Metabolic and Neurohormonal Influences on Ventilation |
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93 | (2) |
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Clinical Consequences of OHS |
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95 | (1) |
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Treatment Modalities and Outcomes |
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95 | (2) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (3) |
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12 Sleep, Sexual Function, and Testosterone |
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101 | (1) |
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Pituitary--Gonadal Axis during Sleep in Healthy Males |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (2) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (1) |
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Role of Sleep in Sexual Dysfunction |
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104 | (2) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (3) |
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13 The Malignant Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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Hormones, Cytokines, and Metabolic Syndrome |
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110 | (1) |
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Effects of Obesity on the Cardiovascular System |
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110 | (1) |
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Effects in the Respiratory System |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Approach |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (3) |
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14 Obesity, Inflammation, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Exercise as Therapy |
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117 | (1) |
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Obesity as a Main Risk Factor for OSA |
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117 | (1) |
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The Vicious Cycle between Obesity and OSA |
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118 | (1) |
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Inflammation: A Common Link between Obesity and OSA |
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119 | (1) |
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OSA and Obesity-Related Disorders |
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120 | (1) |
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Effects of Exercises and Nutrition on the Treatment of Obesity and OSA |
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121 | (2) |
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Conclusion and Future Directions |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (4) |
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15 Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Normal-Weight and Obese Patients |
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What Causes OSAS in Normal-Weight Patients? |
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127 | (1) |
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What Causes OSAS in Obese Patients? |
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128 | (1) |
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Differences in the Nature of OSAS in Normal-Weight and Obese Patients |
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129 | (1) |
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Consequences of OSAS in Obese and Normal-Weight Patients |
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130 | (1) |
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Therapy of OSAS in Obese and Nonobese Patients |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (6) |
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Part III Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep Deprivation |
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16 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Profiles and Relationships |
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Terminology of Sleep Apnea |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Airway Physiology in Obesity |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (1) |
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The Obesity Hyperventilation Syndrome |
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142 | (1) |
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The Overlap Syndrome: COPD and OSA |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (8) |
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17 Circadian Misalignment and Metabolic Consequences: Shiftwork and Altered Meal Times |
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155 | (1) |
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Misaligned Clocks and Physiological Consequences---Mechanisms |
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156 | (3) |
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Central and Peripheral Clocks |
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156 | (2) |
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Shiftworkers, Food Intake, and Circadian Misalignment |
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158 | (1) |
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Organ-Specific Consequences of Misalignment |
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158 | (1) |
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Misaligned Clocks and Physiological Consequences---Evidence |
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159 | (3) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
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18 Role of Sympathetic Nervous System in the Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep Apnea |
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165 | (1) |
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The Metabolic Syndrome: The "Actors" |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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Sympathetic Activation in the Metabolic Syndrome |
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167 | (1) |
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The Hyperadrenergic Tone in Sleep Apnea Syndrome |
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168 | (2) |
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Mechanisms Responsible for the Sympathetic Abnormalities |
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170 | (1) |
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Sympathetic Activation and Cardiovascular Risk |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (4) |
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19 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Metabolic Syndrome: Pathophysiological and Clinical Evidence |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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OSAS and Cardiovascular Diseases |
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177 | (1) |
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Definition and Clinical Presentation of MetS |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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OSAS and Arterial Hypertension |
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179 | (1) |
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OSAS, Insulin Resistance and Diabetes |
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180 | (1) |
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OSAS and Atherogenic Dyslipidemia |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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OSAS and Oxidative Stress |
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180 | (1) |
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OSAS and Endothelial Dysfunction |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (3) |
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20 Sleep Deprivation and Metabolic Syndrome |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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Sleep Loss and Glucose Metabolism |
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187 | (2) |
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Glucose Tolerance during Nocturnal Sleep |
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187 | (1) |
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Sleep Duration and Glucose Metabolism |
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187 | (1) |
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Sleep Duration and Diabetes Mellitus |
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187 | (1) |
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SD and Insulin Resistance |
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187 | (1) |
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Roles of Cortisol and GH in Glucose Metabolism after SD |
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188 | (1) |
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Adipokine Changes Associated with SD in the Glucose Metabolism |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
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21 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Age, Sleep, Mood, and Metabolic Modulation |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (2) |
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Public Health and Clinical Implications |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (4) |
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22 The Metabolic Role of Saturated and Monounsaturated Dietary Fatty Acids: Their Contribution to Obesity, Brain Activity, and Sleep Behavior |
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Metabolic Abnormalities during Obesity |
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203 | (1) |
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Insulin Action in the Brain |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Fatty Acid Signaling through Receptors |
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204 | (1) |
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Impact of Fat on Glucose Homeostasis |
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205 | (1) |
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Fat Quality Correlates with Insulin Sensitivity |
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206 | (1) |
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Consequences of Impaired Sleep Behavior on Metabolism |
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206 | (1) |
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Metabolic Sleep Disturbances |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (5) |
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Part IV Sleep and Diabetes |
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23 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Diabetic Microvascular Complications |
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213 | (1) |
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The Pathogenesis of Diabetic Microvascular Complications |
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214 | (1) |
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Advanced Glycation Endproducts |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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Oxidative Stress and GAPDH Inhibition |
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215 | (1) |
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Polymers of ADP-Ribose Polymerase |
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215 | (1) |
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Why Might OSA Contribute to the Development and Progression of Diabetic Microvascular Complications? |
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215 | (3) |
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OSA, IR, and Hyperglycemia |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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OSA and Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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OSA and Endothelial Dysfunction |
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217 | (1) |
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OSA and Diabetic Microvascular Complications |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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OSA and Diabetic Neuropathy |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (6) |
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24 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Increases Hemoglobin A1c Levels: Mechanisms and Consequences |
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225 | (1) |
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Association between OSA Severity and HbA1c Levels in OSA Patients |
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225 | (1) |
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Association between OSA Severity and HbA1c Levels in Diabetic Patients |
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226 | (1) |
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Effect of CPAP on HbA1c Levels |
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227 | (2) |
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Mechanisms for the Adverse Effect of OSA on Glucose Metabolism |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (6) |
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Part V Aging and Sleep Deprivation |
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25 Restless Legs Syndrome (Willis--Ekbom Disease) and Gastrointestinal Diseases |
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235 | (1) |
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General Discussion of Small-Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth |
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236 | (1) |
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Gastrointestinal Diseases Associated with RLS |
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237 | (3) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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Dietary Triggers for RLS and for RLS Associated with Celiac Disease and SIBO |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (3) |
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26 Relationship between Circadian Rhythms, Feeding, and Obesity |
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243 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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Rhythms in Feeding Behavior, Hunger, and Appetite |
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244 | (1) |
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Circadian Disruption and Obesity |
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245 | (3) |
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Molecular Circadian Disruption and Obesity |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Human Forced Desynchrony and Phase-Shifting Studies |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (2) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Eating Late, Non-clinical Populations |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (5) |
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27 The Effects of Nutrition on Sleep and Sleep Complaints among Elderly Persons |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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Nutrition and Sleep Problems among Elderly Persons |
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256 | (5) |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder |
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258 | (1) |
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Periodic Limb Movement in Sleep and Restless Legs Syndrome |
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259 | (1) |
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Sleep-Disordered Breathing |
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260 | (1) |
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Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disturbance |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (2) |
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28 Fragmented Sleep and Memory Consolidation |
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263 | (1) |
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Disorders of Sleep Architecture |
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264 | (1) |
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Studying Sleep Continuity |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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Sleep and Memory Consolidation |
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265 | (1) |
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Functional Outcomes of Sleep Fragmentation |
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266 | (2) |
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Memory and Cognitive Outcomes of Sleep Fragmentation |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (3) |
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29 Sleepiness at the Wheel and Countermeasures: Effects of Caffeine, Napping, and Blue Light |
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271 | (1) |
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Lack of Sleep and Accidents |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (2) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (5) |
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30 Sleep Deprivation and Behavioral Risk-Taking |
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280 | (1) |
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Lack of Awareness of Deficits |
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280 | (1) |
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Reduced Inhibitory Capacity |
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280 | (1) |
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Subjective Risk-Taking Propensity |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (3) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Aggressive/Punitive Responses |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (5) |
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Part VI Food, Nutrients, and Dietary Supplements: Sleep Modulation |
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31 Relation between Magnesium Deficiency and Sleep Disorders and Associated Pathological Changes |
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291 | (1) |
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Magnesium Deficiency in Humans |
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|
291 | (1) |
|
Biochemical Basis for Magnesium Affecting Sleep |
|
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292 | (1) |
|
Magnesium Deficiency and Sleep Disorders |
|
|
293 | (2) |
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Magnesium Deficiency, Inflammation, and Sleep-Associated Pathological Disorders |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
295 | (1) |
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|
295 | (2) |
|
32 Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Sleep Apnea and Obesity |
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|
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Physical Activity in Sleep Apnea and Obesity |
|
|
297 | (1) |
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|
298 | (1) |
|
Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Health Behavior Change of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time |
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|
299 | (1) |
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|
299 | (1) |
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|
299 | (4) |
|
33 Oxidative Stress in Sleep Apnea |
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|
|
|
|
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303 | (1) |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
Clinical Studies on Oxidative Stress in SAS |
|
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305 | (1) |
|
The Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Oxidative Stress |
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|
306 | (1) |
|
|
307 | (1) |
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|
307 | (6) |
|
Part VII Alcohol and Sleep Dysfunction |
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|
|
34 Sleep in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders |
|
|
|
|
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
Characterizing Sleep Problems in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
Characterizing Sleep Disruption in Models of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
Mechanistic Links between Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Sleep Difficulties |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
Sleep Problems and Psychosocial Risk |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Impact of Sleep Difficulties on Daytime Function |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Impact of Sleep Difficulties on Caregiver Function |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
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317 | (4) |
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35 Adenosine and Glutamate in Neuroglial Interaction: Implications for Sleep Disorders and Alcoholism |
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|
|
|
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321 | (1) |
|
Purinergic Regulation of Homeostatic Sleep by Astrocytes |
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322 | (1) |
|
Adenosinergic Modulation of Circadian Rhythms |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
Low Adenosine Tone in Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced Insomnia |
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|
323 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Alcohol Drinking by Adenosine and Glutamate in Neuroglial Interaction |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
EAAT2 as a Treatment Target for Alcohol Use Disorders |
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323 | (1) |
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|
324 | (1) |
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|
324 | (1) |
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|
324 | (1) |
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324 | (5) |
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36 Sleep Quality and Risk of Alcohol Misuse |
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|
|
Sleep and Alcohol Use: Acute Effects |
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|
329 | (1) |
|
Alcohol Use and Sleep Physiology |
|
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329 | (1) |
|
Poor Sleep and Cognitive--Behavioral Functioning |
|
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329 | (1) |
|
Sleep and Alcohol Use: Behavioral Risks |
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330 | (2) |
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|
330 | (1) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
Insomnia and Alcohol Use in the General Population |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
Treating Sleep Problems in Alcohol Dependents |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
Considerations for Future Research |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
Measuring Sleep and Alcohol Use Problems |
|
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332 | (1) |
|
|
333 | (1) |
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|
333 | (4) |
|
37 Sleep and Addictions: Linking Sleep Regulation with the Genesis of Addictive Behavior |
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|
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|
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (3) |
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Circadian Regulation of Sleep |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
Homeostatic Regulation of Sleep |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
Effects of Daytime Activities on Sleep Regulation |
|
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339 | (1) |
|
Plasticity and Sleep Homeostasis |
|
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (2) |
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Negative Affect Regulation |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
|
Neurobiological Models of Addictions---The Role of Plasticity |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Linking Sleep and Sleep Difficulty with Addiction Pathways |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Sleep Disturbances and Addictions |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Shared Neurobiological Substrates of Sleep and Addictions |
|
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343 | (1) |
|
Sleep, Plasticity, and Addictions---Tying It All Together |
|
|
343 | (1) |
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|
344 | (1) |
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|
344 | (5) |
|
38 Alcohol and Sleep-Disordered Breathing |
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|
|
|
|
|
349 | (1) |
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|
349 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Alcohol Consumption and SDB by BMI Subgroups |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (2) |
|
39 Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Sleep in Shiftworkers |
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|
Shiftwork, Sleep, and Health |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (5) |
|
Are Shiftworkers More Vulnerable to Alcohol's Negative Effects? |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
361 | (6) |
|
|
|
40 The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Definition and Clinical Features |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Bariatric Surgery: The Present State |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Biliopancreatic Diversion/Duodenal Switch |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
The Key to Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Bariatric Surgery |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (2) |
|
41 Preoperative, Perioperative, and Postoperative Considerations in the Bariatric Surgery Patient with Sleep Apnea |
|
|
|
|
Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Perioperative Considerations |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Postoperative Considerations |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Effect of Bariatric Surgery on OSA |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
379 | (2) |
Index |
|
381 | |