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1 | (12) |
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2 | (3) |
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2 | (2) |
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1.1.2 Applications of Spectral Imaging Technology |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2 Multi-band Polarization Imaging |
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5 | (8) |
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1.2.1 Development of Multi-band Polarization Imaging |
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5 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Applications of Multi-band Polarization Imaging |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (4) |
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13 | (34) |
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2.1 Electromagnetics and Polarization |
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13 | (5) |
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2.1.1 Maxwell's Equations |
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13 | (2) |
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2.1.2 Polarization Ellipse |
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15 | (2) |
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2.1.3 Fresnel's Equations |
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17 | (1) |
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2.2 Principles of Polarization Imaging |
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18 | (3) |
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2.3 Polarization Imaging for Object Recognition |
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21 | (5) |
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2.3.1 Object Detection and Tracking |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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2.3.3 Object Classification and Recognition |
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24 | (2) |
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2.4 Factors Affecting Polarization Imaging |
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26 | (4) |
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2.4.1 Transmission of Polarized Light |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
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2.5 Reduction of Measurement Errors |
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30 | (6) |
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2.5.1 Multi-angle Measurement |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (4) |
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2.6 Micro-polarizer Array Imaging |
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36 | (11) |
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2.6.1 Micro-polarizer Array |
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36 | (5) |
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41 | (4) |
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45 | (2) |
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3 Multi-band Polarization Imaging |
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47 | (26) |
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3.1 Multi-band Polarization Imaging Methods |
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47 | (3) |
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3.1.1 Spectral Band Tuning |
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47 | (2) |
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3.1.2 Polarization Adjustment |
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49 | (1) |
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3.2 Multi-band Polarization Imagers Based on Tunable Filters |
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50 | (5) |
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3.2.1 Liquid Crystal Tunable Filters |
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51 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters |
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52 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Liquid Crystal Variable Retarders |
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52 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Typical Multi-band Polarization Imaging Systems |
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53 | (2) |
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3.3 Multi-band Polarization Imagers Using LCTF |
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55 | (5) |
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3.3.1 Implementation of Multi-band Polarization Imaging Systems |
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55 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Main Devices of Multi-band Polarization Imaging Systems |
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56 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Multi-band Polarization Imaging Sensors |
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57 | (3) |
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3.4 Calibration of Multi-band Polarization Imaging Systems |
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60 | (3) |
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3.4.1 Spectral Band Calibration |
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60 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Spectral Radiometric Calibration |
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61 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Mechanical Revolving Filters |
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61 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Polarization Calibration |
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62 | (1) |
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3.5 Reconstruction of Multi-band Polarization Imagery |
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63 | (3) |
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3.5.1 Spectral Inversion Methods |
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63 | (2) |
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3.5.2 Polarization Inversion Based on Empirical Linear Method |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (7) |
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71 | (2) |
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4 Multi-band Polarization Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function |
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73 | (38) |
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4.1 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function |
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73 | (8) |
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4.1.1 Measurement of Bidirectional Reflectance |
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75 | (4) |
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4.1.2 Bidirectional Reflectance Model |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (4) |
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4.2.1 Polarization BRDF Functions |
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81 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Polarized Radiative Transfer Function |
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82 | (3) |
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4.3 Polarization BRDF Measurements |
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85 | (8) |
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4.3.1 Measuring Principles |
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85 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Outdoor Polarization BRDF Measurement Systems |
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87 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Imaging Data Inversion |
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87 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Experiment Procedures |
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88 | (1) |
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4.3.5 Simulation Results and Analysis |
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89 | (4) |
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4.4 Polarization BRDF Model of Coated Targets |
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93 | (7) |
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4.4.1 Intensity Component Model of Coated Targets |
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93 | (2) |
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4.4.2 DoLP Model of Coated Targets |
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95 | (3) |
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4.4.3 Relationships of Polarization BRDF, Azimuth Angle, and Wavelength |
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98 | (2) |
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4.5 Polarization BRDF Model of the Background |
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100 | (11) |
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4.5.1 Intensity Component Model of the Background |
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101 | (3) |
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4.5.2 DoLP Model of the Background |
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104 | (5) |
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109 | (2) |
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5 Object Detection with Multi-band Polarization Imaging |
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111 | (44) |
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5.1 Multi-band Polarization Image Analysis |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (12) |
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5.2.1 Polarization Mixture Model |
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112 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Multivariate Gaussian Distribution |
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114 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Maximum Likelihood Estimation |
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114 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Likelihood Ratio Test |
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115 | (4) |
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119 | (2) |
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5.2.6 Stochastic Signal and Entropy |
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121 | (1) |
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5.2.7 Nonparametric Kernel Density Estimation |
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122 | (2) |
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5.3 Anomaly Detection Methods |
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124 | (4) |
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5.3.1 Statistical Hypothesis Model for Anomaly Detection |
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125 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Low Probability Target Detection |
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126 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Classical RX Detection Algorithm |
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126 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Improved RX Detection Algorithm |
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127 | (1) |
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5.4 Fuzzy Integral Fusion Detection of Band Subsets |
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128 | (7) |
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5.4.1 Data Model and Band Subset Division |
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128 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Fuzzy Measure and Fuzzy Integral |
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129 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Nonparametric Fuzzy Membership Functions |
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130 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Fuzzy Density Estimation |
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131 | (3) |
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134 | (1) |
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5.5 Multi-detector Maximum Entropy Fusion Hypothesis Detection |
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135 | (6) |
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5.5.1 Single Likelihood Hypothesis Detection Model |
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135 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Kernel Density Estimation |
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136 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Detector Fusion Based on Maximum Entropy |
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137 | (3) |
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140 | (1) |
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5.6 Fusion Detection Based on Polarization and Spectral Features |
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141 | (5) |
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5.6.1 Fusion Detection Algorithms |
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141 | (3) |
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144 | (2) |
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5.7 Fusion Detection Based on DoLP Modulation |
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146 | (9) |
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5.7.1 DoLP Modulation Fusion |
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147 | (3) |
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5.7.2 False Color Coding Fusion of Spectral and Polarization Images |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (3) |
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6 Bio-inspired Multi-band Polarization Imaging |
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155 | (22) |
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6.1 Multi-band Polarization Vision |
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155 | (3) |
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6.1.1 Polarization Vision |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (2) |
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6.2 Bio-inspired Multi-band Polarization Vision Model |
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158 | (3) |
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6.2.1 Multi-band Polarization Vision Model |
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158 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Heterogeneous Multi-band Polarization Imaging CCD Array Systems |
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160 | (1) |
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6.3 Multi-band Polarization Vision Systems |
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161 | (3) |
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6.3.1 Design of Multi-band Polarization Vision Systems |
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161 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Multi-band Polarization Vision System Software |
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163 | (1) |
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6.4 Spectral and Polarization Information Recovery for FOV Expansion |
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164 | (13) |
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6.4.1 Low-Rank Matrix Recovery |
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165 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Estimation of Missing Spectral and Polarization Information |
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166 | (2) |
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6.4.3 FOV Expansion with Estimated Spectral and Polarization Information |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (5) |
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174 | (3) |
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7 3D Reconstruction and Dehazing with Polarization Vision |
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177 | (16) |
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177 | (7) |
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177 | (2) |
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7.1.2 3D Reconstruction with Polarization Vision |
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179 | (3) |
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7.1.3 3D Reconstruction Results |
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182 | (2) |
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7.2 Instant Image Dehazing |
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184 | (9) |
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7.2.1 Physical Models and Properties |
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186 | (3) |
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7.2.2 Image Dehazing Using Polarization Information |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (2) |
References |
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