A practical handbook on evaluating muscular strength and function, Daniels and Worthinghams Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination and PerformanceTesting, 9th Edition makes it easy to understand and master procedures in manual muscle testing and performance testing. Clear, illustrated instructions provide a guide to patient positioning, direction of motion, and direction of resistance. In addition to muscle testing of normal individuals and others with weakness or paralysis, this edition includes new coverage of alternative strength tests and performance tests for older adults and others with functional decline (such as the inactive and obese). Written by educators Helen J. Hislop, Dale Avers, and Marybeth Brown, this classic physical therapy reference now features an Evolve companion website with video clips demonstrating key muscle testing techniques.Drawings and arrows along with clear written directions make it easy to understand and perform muscle testing procedures, allowing you to assess deficits in strength, balance, and range of motion.More than 600 illustrations clearly show testing sequences, muscle anatomy, and muscle innervation.Video clips of over 100 muscle tests on the Evolve companion website demonstrate the art and technique of muscle testing in a clinical setting.Details of muscle anatomy and innervation help in linking muscle topography with function.Helpful Hints and Substitutions boxes provide additional tips and highlight muscle substitutions that may occur during a test to ensure greater accuracy in testing.A constant reference number clearly identifies each muscle in the body,indexed in the Alphabetical List of Muscles by Region as well as in theReady Reference Anatomy Manual on Evolve, to speed cross-referencing and help you quickly identify any muscle.NEW chapters on performance testing cover functional strength testing in older adults and those with functional decline, and testing muscle performance in various clinical settings.NEW chapters on manual muscle testing address when to use manual muscle testing, the limitations of manual muscle testing, and alternatives to manual muscle testing.UPDATED references for each chapter include the most current evidence-based information.NEW! An Evolve companion website helps you hone your manual testing skills with video clips of over 100 muscle tests and with theReady Reference Anatomy Guide.
Chapter 1 Principles of Manual Muscle Testing 1(10) The Grading System 2(2) Criteria for Assigning a Muscle Test Grade 4(2) Screening Tests 6(1) Preparing for the Muscle Test 6(5)
Chapter 2 Testing the Muscles of the Neck 11(22) Capital Extension 12(4) Cervical Extension 16(3) Combined Neck Extension (Capital plus cervical) 19(2) Capital Flexion 21(3) Cervical Flexion 24(4) Combined Cervical Flexion (Capital plus cervical) 28(2) Combined Flexion to Isolate a Single Sternocleidomastoid 30(1) Cervical Rotation 31(2)
Chapter 3 Testing the Muscles of the Trunk 33(24) Trunk Extension 34(4) Elevation of the Pelvis 38(3) Trunk Flexion 41(4) Trunk Rotation 45(5) Inspiration (quiet) 50(4) Forced Expiration 54(3)
Chapter 4 Testing the Muscles of the Upper Extremity 57(110) Scapular Abduction and Upward Rotation (Serratus anterior) 58(7) Scapular Elevation (Trapezius, upper fibers) 65(4) Scapular Adduction (Trapezius, middle fibers) 69(4) Scapular Depression and Adduction (Trapezius, lower fibers) 73(3) Scapular Adduction and Downward Rotation (Rhomboids) 76(5) Shoulder Flexion (Anterior Deltoid, Supraspinatus, and Coracobrachialis) 81(3) Shoulder Extension (Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Posterior Deltoid) 84(4) Shoulder Scaption (Deltoid and Supraspinatus) 88(2) Shoulder Abduction (Middle Deltoid and Supraspinatus) 90(4) Shoulder Horizontal Abduction (Posterior Deltoid) 94(3) Shoulder Horizontal Adduction (Pectoralis major) 97(5) Shoulder External Rotation (Infraspinatus and Teres minor) 102(3) Shoulder Internal Rotation (Subscapularis) 105(3) Elbow Flexion (Biceps, Brachialis, and Brachioradialis) 108(6) Elbow Extension (Triceps brachii) 114(4) Forearm Supination (Supinator and Biceps brachii) 118(3) Forearm Pronation (Pronator teres and Pronator quadratus) 121(3) Wrist Flexion (Flexor carpi radialis and Flexor carpi ulnaris) 124(4) Wrist Extension (Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, and Extensor carpi ulnaris) 128(4) Finger MP Flexion (Lumbricales and Interossei) 132(3) Finger PIP and DIP Flexion (Flexor digitorum superficialis and Flexor digitorum profundus) 135(4) PIP Tests 136(2) DIP Tests 138(1) Finger MP Extension (Extensor digitorum, Extensor indicis, Extensor digiti minimi) 139(3) Finger Abduction (Dorsal Interossei) 142(4) Finger Adduction (Palmar Interossei) 146(2) Thumb MP and IP Flexion (Flexor pollicis brevis and Flexor pollicis longus) 148(4) Thumb MP Flexion Tests (Flexor pollicis brevis) 149(1) Thumb IP Flexion Tests (Flexor pollicis longus) 150(2) Thumb MP and IP Extension (Extensor pollicis brevis and Extensor pollicis longus) 152(1) Thumb MP Extension Tests (Extensor pollicis brevis) 153(1) Thumb IP Extension Tests (Extensor pollicis longus) 154(2) Thumb Abduction (Abductor pollicis longus and Abductor pollicis brevis) 156(4) Abductor pollicis Longus Test 157(1) Abductor Pollicis Brevis Test 158(2) Thumb Adduction (Adductor pollicis) 160(3) Opposition (Thumb to Little Finger) (Opponens pollicis and Opponens digiti minimi) 163(4)
Chapter 5 Testing the Muscles of the Lower Extremity 167(68) Introduction to Testing the Hip 168(1) Hip Flexion (Psoas major and lliacus) 169(4) Hip Flexion, Abduction, and External Rotation with Knee Position (Sartorius) 173(3) Hip Extension (Gluteus maximus and Hamstrings) 176(6) Hip Extension Tests Modified for Hip Flexion Tightness 181(1) Hip Abduction (Glutei medius and minimus) 182(4) Hip Abduction from Flexed Position (Tensor fasciae latae) 186(4) Hip Adduction (Adductors magnus, brevis and longus; Pectineus and Gracilis) 190(4) Hip External Rotation (Obturators internus and externus, Gemellae superior and inferior. Piriformis, Quadratus femoris, Gluteus maximus (posterior) 194(4) Hip Internal Rotation (Glutei minimus and medius; Tensor fasciae latae) 198(4) Knee Flexion (All hamstring muscles) 202(5) Knee Extension (Quadriceps femoris) 207(4) Ankle Plantar Flexion (Gastrocnemius and Soleus) 211(7) Gastrocnemius and Soleus Test 212(3) Plantar Flexion, Soleus Only 215(3) Foot Dorsiflexion and Inversion (Anterior tibialis) 218(3) Foot Inversion (Posterior tibialis) 221(3) Foot Eversion with Plantar Flexion or Dorsiflexion (Peronei longus and brevis) 224(3) Hallux and Toe MP Flexion (Lumbricales and Flexor hallucis brevis) 227(3) Hallux MP Flexion (Flexor hallucis brevis) 228(1) Toe MP Flexion (Lumbricales) 229(1) Hallux and Toe DIP and PIP Flexion (Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor digitorum brevis, Flexor hallucis longus) 230(2) Hallux and Toe MP and IP Extension (Extensor digitorum longus and brevis; Extensor hallucis longus) 232(3)
Chapter 6 Testing in Infants and Children 235(26) Barbara Connolly, Ed. D., P.T.
Chapter 7 Assessment of Muscles Innervated by Cranial Nerves 261(58) Introduction to Testing and Grading 262(1) Extraocular Muscles of the Eye 263(4) The Muscles of the Face 267(1) Muscles of the Eyelids, Eyebrows, and Forehead 268(8) The Nose Muscles 276(2) Muscles of the Mouth 278(6) Muscles of Mastication 284(6) Muscles of the Tongue 290(8) Muscles of the Palate 298(6) Muscles of the Pharynx 304(4) Muscles of the Larynx 308(6) Swallowing 314(5) Muscle Actions in Swallowing 314(1) Testing Swallowing 315(4)
Chapter 8 Upright Motor Control 319(8) The Test for Upright Control 320(1) Flexion Control Test 320(1) Extension Control Test in Parts 4, 5, and 6 321(6)
Chapter 9 Ready Reference Anatomy 327(100) Using This Ready Reference Section 328(1) PART I. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MUSCLES 328(3) PART II. LIST OF MUSCLES BY REGION 331(3) PART III. SKELETAL MUSCLES OF THE HUMAN BODY 334(67) PART IV. MOTIONS AND THEIR PARTICIPATING MUSCLES (MOTIONS OF THE NECK, TRUNK, AND LIMBS) 401(9) PART V. CRANIAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVES AND THE MUSCLES THEY INNERVATE 410(7) PART VI. MYOTOMES; THE MOTOR NERVE ROOTS AND THE MUSCLES THEY INNERVATE 417(10) Bibliography 427(1) Cited References 427(2) Index 429
