E-grāmata: Nanophotonic Materials: Photonic Crystals, Plasmonics, and Metamaterials

Preface.
List of Contributors.
I Linear and Non-linear Properties of Photonic Crystals.
1 Solitary Wave Formation in One-dimensional Photonic Crystals (Sabine Essig, Jens Niegemann, Lasha Tkeshelashvili, and Kurt Busch).
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Variational Approach to the NLCME.
1.3 Radiation Losses.
1.4 Results.
1.5 Conclusions and Outlook.
References.
2 Microscopic Analysis of the Optical and Electronic Properties of Semiconductor Photonic-Crystal Structures (Bernhard Pasenow, Matthias Reichelt, Tineke Stroucken, Torsten Meier, and Stephan W. Koch).
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Theoretical Approach.
2.3 Numerical Results.
2.4 Summary.
References.
3 Functional 3D Photonic Films from Polymer Beads (Birger Lange, Friederike Fleischhaker, and Rudolf Zentel).
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Opals as Coloring Agents.
3.3 Loading of Opals with Highly Fluorescent Dyes.
3.4 New Properties Through Replication.
3.5 Defect Incorporation into Opals.
References.
4 Bloch Modes and Group Velocity Delay in Coupled Resonator Chains (Björn M. Möller, Mikhail V. Artemyev, and Ulrike Woggon).
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Experiment.
4.3 Coherent Cavity Field Coupling in One-Dimensional CROWs.
4.4 Mode Structure in Finite CROWs.
4.5 Slowing Down Light in CROWs.
4.6 Disorder and Detuning in CROWs.
4.7 Summary.
References.
5 Coupled Nanopillar Waveguides: Optical Properties and Applications (Dmitry N. Chigrin, Sergei V. Zhukovsky, Andrei V. Lavrinenko, and Johann Kroha).
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Dispersion Engineering.
5.3 Transmission Efficiency.
5.4 Aperiodic Nanopillar Waveguides.
5.5 Applications.
5.6 Conclusion.
References.
6 Investigations on the Generation of Photonic Crystals using Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP) of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Polymers with Ultra-Short Laser Pulses (R. Houbertz, P. Declerck, S. Passinger, A. Ovsianikov, J. Serbin, and B.N. Chichkov).
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 High-Refractive Index Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Polymers.
6.3 Multi-Photon Fabrication.
6.4 Summary and Outlook.
References.
7 Ultra-low Refractive Index Mesoporous Substrates for Waveguide Structures (D. Konjhodzic, S. Schröter, and F. Marlow).
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Mesoporous Films.
7.3 MSFs as Substrates for Waveguide Structures.
7.4 Conclusions.
References.
8 Linear and Nonlinear Effects of Light Propagation inLow-index Photonic Crystal Slabs (R. Iliew, C. Etrich, M. Augustin, E.-B. Kley, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, and F. Lederer).
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Fabrication of Photonic Crystal Slabs.
8.3 Linear Properties of Photonic Crystal Slabs.
8.4 Light Propagation in Nonlinear Photonic Crystals.
8.5 Conclusion.
References.
9 Linear and Non-linear Optical Experiments Based on Macroporous Silicon Photonic Crystals (Ralf B. Wehrspohn, Stefan L. Schweizer, and Vahid Sandoghdar).
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Fabrication of 2D Photonic Crystals.
9.3 Defects in 2D Macroporous Silicon Photonic Crystals.
9.4 Internal Emitter.
9.5 Tunability of Silicon Photonic Crystals.
9.6 Summary.
References.
10 Dispersive Properties of Photonic Crystal Waveguide Resonators (T. Sünner, M. Gellner, M. Scholz, A. Löffler, M. Kamp, and A. Forchel)
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Design and Fabrication.
10.3 Transmission Measurements.
10.4 Dispersion Measurements.
10.5 Analysis.
10.6 Postfabrication Tuning.
10.7 Conclusion.
References.
II Tuneable Photonic Crystals.
11 Polymer Based Tuneable Photonic Crystals (J.H. Wülbern, M. Schmidt, U. Hübner, R. Boucher, W. Volksen, Y. Lu, R. Zentel, and M. Eich).
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Preparation of Photonic Crystal Structures in Polymer Waveguide Material.
11.3 Realization and Characterization of Electro-Optically Tuneable Photonic Crystals.
11.4 Synthesis of Electro-Optically Active Polymers.
11.5 Conclusions and Outlook.
References.
12 Tuneable Photonic Crystals obtained by Liquid Crystal Infiltration (H.-S. Kitzerow, A. Lorenz, and H. Matthias).
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Experimental Results.
12.4 Conclusions.
References.
13 Lasing in Dye-doped Chiral Liquid Crystals: Influence of Defect Modes (Wolfgang Haase, Fedor Podgornov, Yuko Matsuhisa, and Masanori Ozaki)
13.1 Introduction.
13.2 Experiment.
References.
14 Photonic Crystals based on Chiral Liquid Crystal (M. Ozaki, Y. Matsuhisa, H. Yoshida, R. Ozaki, and A. Fujii)
14.1 Introduction.
14.2 Photonic Band Gap and Band Edge Lasing in Chiral Liquid Crystal.
14.3 Twist Defect Mode in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal.
14.4 Chiral Defect Mode Induced by Partial Deformation of Helix.
14.5 Tunable Defect Mode Lasing in a Periodic Structure Containing CLC Layer as a Defect.
14.6 Summary.
References.
15 Tunable Superprism Effect in Photonic Crystals (F. Glöckler, S. Peters, U. Lemmer, and M. Gerken)
15.1 Introduction.
15.2 The Superprism Effect.
15.3 Tunable Photonic Crystals.
15.4 Tunable Superprism Structures.
15.5 1D Hybrid Organic–Anorganic Structures.
15.6 Conclusions and Outlook.
References.
III Photonic Crystal Fibres.
16 Preparation and Application of Functionalized Photonic Crystal Fibres (H. Bartelt, J. Kirchhof, J. Kobelke, K. Schuster, A. Schwuchow, K. Mörl, U. Röpke, J. Leppert, H. Lehmann, S. Smolka, M. Barth, O. Benson, S. Taccheo, and C. D. Andrea).
16.1 Introduction.
16.2 General Preparation Techniques for PCFs.
16.3 Silica-Based PCFs with Index Guiding.
16.3.4 Highly Germanium-Doped Index Guiding PCF.
16.4 Photonic Band Gap Fibres.
16.5 Non-Silica PCF.
16.6 Selected Linear and Nonlinear Applications.
16.7 Conclusions.
References.
17 Finite Element Simulation of Radiation Losses in Photonic Crystal Fibers (Jan Pomplun, Lin Zschiedrich, Roland Klose, Frank Schmidt, and Sven Burger).
17.1 Introduction.
17.2 Formulation of Propagation Mode Problem.
17.3 Discretization of Maxwell.s Equations with the Finite Element Method.
17.4 Computation of Leaky Modes in Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibers.
17.5 Goal Oriented Error Estimator.
17.6 Convergence of Eigenvalues Using Different Error Estimators.
17.7 Optimization of HCPCF Design.
17.8 Kagome-Structured Fibers.
17.9 Conclusion.
References.
IV Plasmonic and Metamaterials.
18 Optical Properties of Photonic/Plasmonic Structures in Nanocomposite Glass (H. Graener, A. Abdolvand, S. Wackerow, O. Kiriyenko, and W. Hergert).
18.1 Introduction.
18.2 Experimental Investigations.
18.3 Calculation of Effective Permittivity.
18.3.1 Extensions of the Method.
18.4 Summary.
References.
19 Optical Properties of Disordered Metallic Photonic Crystal Slabs (D. Nau, A. Schönhardt, A. Christ, T. Zentgraf, Ch. Bauer, J. Kuhl, and H. Giessen).
19.1 Introduction.
19.2 Sample Description and Disorder Models.
19.3 Transmission Properties.
19.4 Bandstructure.
19.5 Conclusion.
References.
20 Superfocusing of Optical Beams Below the Diffraction Limit by Media with Negative Refraction (A. Husakou and J. Herrmann).
20.1 Introduction.
20.2 Superfocusing of a Non-Moving Beam by the Combined Action of an Aperture and a Negative-Index Layer.
20.3 Focusing of Scanning Light Beams Below the Diffraction Limit Using a Saturable Absorber and a Negative-Refraction Material.
20.4 Subdiffraction Focusing of Scanning Beams by a Negative-Refraction Layer Combined with a Nonlinear Kerr-Type Layer.
20.5 Conclusion.
References.
21 Negative Refraction in 2D Photonic Crystal Super-Lattice: Towards Devices in the IR and Visible Ranges (Y. Neve-Oz, M. Golosovsky, A. Frenkel, and D. Davidov).
21.1 Introduction.
21.2 Design.
21.3 Simulations, Results and Discussion.
21.4 Conclusions and Future Directions.
References.
22 Negative Permeability around 630 nm in Nanofabricated Vertical Meander Metamaterials (Heinz Schweizer, Liwei Fu, Hedwig Gräbeldinger, Hongcang Guo, Na Liu, Stefan Kaiser, and Harald Giessen).
22.1 Introduction.
22.2 Theoretical Approach.
22.3 Experimental Approaches.
22.4 Conclusion.
References.
Index. "

Ralf B. Wehrspohn studied physics at the University of Oldenburg, Germany, and received his Ph.D. degree from the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris in 1997. Until 1999 he worked on thin-film transistors for AMLCDs at Philips Research. From 1999 until 2003 he led the Porous Materials/Photonic Crystals group at the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in Halle, after which he held a chair at the Physics department of the University of Paderborn for three years. Since 2006, he has been the director of the Fraunhofer-Institute for Mechanics of Materials and a Professor of Physics at the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. Professor Wehrspohn was awarded the Maier-Leibnitz Prize of the German Science Foundation in 2003.

Heinz-Siegfried Kitzerow was awarded a professorship for Physical Chemistry from the University of Paderborn, Germany, in 1998. His team works on liquid crystals and their behavior in complex geometries, polymer composites and thin electroluminescent layers. Professor Kitzerow serves as secretary of the International Liquid Crystal Society and is a member of the managing board of the German Liquid Crystal Society. He worked previously as a lecturer at the Technical University (TU) Berlin and visited the Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, for postgraduate research. He studied chemistry and received his Ph.D. degree from the TU Berlin.

Kurt Busch received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, in 1993 and 1996, respectively. From 1997 to 1999 he was the recipient of a post-doctoral scholarship from the DFG at the University of Toronto. From 2000 to 2004, Professor Busch was the head of a junior research program (Emmy Noether-program) at the Institute for the Theory of Condensed Matter, University of Karlsruhe. In 2004, he was appointed as Associate Professor at the Department of Physics and CREOL, University of Central Florida. In 2005, he returned to the University of Karlsruhe to accept a professorship in Physics at the Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics. Professor Busch was awarded the Carl-Zeiss Research award in 2006.