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xv | |
Preface |
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xxi | |
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1 Nanotechnology in paper and wood engineering: an introduction |
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3 | (12) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Applications of nanotechnology in the paper and pulp industry |
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4 | (2) |
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1.3 Applications of nanotechnology in the wood industry |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (7) |
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9 | (6) |
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2 Nanofibers for the paper industry |
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15 | (20) |
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2.1 Paper industry: challenges |
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15 | (1) |
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2.2 Nanofibers: characteristics |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (11) |
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2.3.1 Types of CNF in paper manufacturing |
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18 | (3) |
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2.3.2 The mechanism of CNF strengthening properties |
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21 | (2) |
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2.3.3 CNF as an additive in paper industry |
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23 | (3) |
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2.3.4 CNF as coating material in papermaking |
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26 | (2) |
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2.4 Lignocellulosic nanofibers |
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28 | (1) |
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2.5 Conclusions and future prospective |
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29 | (6) |
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30 | (5) |
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3 Role of laccase in the pulp and paper industry |
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35 | (26) |
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Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira |
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35 | (2) |
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3.2 Laccases, redox potential, and delignification |
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37 | (1) |
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3.3 Laccases-assisted biobleaching/delignification of pulps |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Artificial mediators |
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40 | (1) |
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3.5 Lignin degradation by laccase-mediator system |
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41 | (3) |
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3.6 Biobleaching by laccase-mediator system |
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44 | (1) |
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3.7 Effect of laccase and xylanase on biobleaching |
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45 | (1) |
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3.8 Laccase utilization for pulp biografting |
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46 | (1) |
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3.9 Pitch control by laccases |
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47 | (1) |
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3.10 Deinking of waste papers by LMS |
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48 | (1) |
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3.11 Laccase-mediated treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents |
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49 | (1) |
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3.12 Lignin transformation by laccases |
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50 | (1) |
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3.13 Recovery of lignin byproducts |
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51 | (1) |
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3.14 Laccase for biofuels synthesis |
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51 | (1) |
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3.15 Oxygen role in biobleaching of pulp |
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52 | (1) |
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3.16 Challenges to implement laccase at industrial level |
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53 | (1) |
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3.17 Recombinant laccases in biobleaching of pulps |
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54 | (1) |
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3.18 Conclusion and perspectives |
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55 | (6) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (5) |
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4 Nanotechnology for waste wood recycling |
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61 | (20) |
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61 | (3) |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (7) |
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68 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Nanotitanium dioxide |
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69 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Nanosilicon dioxide |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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4.4 W@W-based nanocomposites |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (6) |
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75 | (6) |
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5 Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable cellulose-based polymer hydrogel |
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81 | (44) |
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81 | (4) |
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5.2 Materials and methods |
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85 | (7) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Characterization of water hyacinth |
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86 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Isolation of cellulose from water hyacinth |
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86 | (1) |
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5.2.5 Synthesis of water hyacinth cellulose-g-poly(ammonium acrylate-co-acrylic acid) polymer hydrogel |
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87 | (1) |
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5.2.6 Structural and morphological characterization |
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88 | (1) |
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5.2.7 Evaluating the swelling of polymer hydrogel |
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89 | (1) |
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5.2.8 Biodegradation test |
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90 | (1) |
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5.2.9 Preparation of nanocomposite polymer hydrogel |
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91 | (1) |
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5.2.10 Statistical data analysis |
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92 | (1) |
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5.3 Results and discussion |
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92 | (26) |
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5.3.1 Composition of water hyacinth |
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92 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Mechanism of graft polymerization and extraction of homopolymer |
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93 | (3) |
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5.3.3 Structural and morphological characteristics of water hyacinth, isolated cellulose, and cellulose-grafted copolymer |
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96 | (6) |
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5.3.4 Evaluation of the factors influencing the swelling of cellulose-grafted polymer hydrogel |
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102 | (4) |
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5.3.5 Biodegradation of cellulose-grafted copolymer |
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106 | (5) |
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5.3.6 Water absorbency of cellulose-g-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/nano-HA composite hydrogel |
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111 | (1) |
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5.3.7 Structural and morphological characteristics of cellulose-grafted nanocomposite polymer hydrogel |
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112 | (6) |
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118 | (7) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (6) |
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6 Fabrication of nanowoods and nanopapers |
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125 | (18) |
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125 | (1) |
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6.2 Cellulose and nanocellulose |
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126 | (1) |
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6.3 Isolation and fabrication of nanocellulose fibrils |
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127 | (2) |
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6.4 Products of nanocellulose: nanowood and nanopaper |
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129 | (9) |
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129 | (3) |
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132 | (6) |
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138 | (5) |
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139 | (4) |
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7 Pulp and paper industry-based pollutants, and their adverse impacts |
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143 | (20) |
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143 | (2) |
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7.2 Waste effluents from the pulp and paper industry |
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145 | (1) |
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7.3 Pollutants from pulp and paper industry: categories and characteristics |
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145 | (1) |
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7.4 Adverse health impacts of pUtp and paper industry pollutants |
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146 | (1) |
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7.5 Environmental implications regarding pulp and paper industry waste |
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147 | (2) |
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7.6 Techniques for wastewater treatment |
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149 | (4) |
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7.7 Waste to value aspects |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (9) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (5) |
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160 | (3) |
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8 Pharmaceutical applications of nanocellulose |
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163 | (12) |
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163 | (1) |
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8.2 Methods of preparation |
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163 | (2) |
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8.2.1 Acid hydrolysis for nanocellulose preparation |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (6) |
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171 | (4) |
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171 | (4) |
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9 Nano-biodegradation of plastic materials |
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175 | (22) |
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Otavio Augusto Titton Dias |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (5) |
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9.3.1 Cellulose nanofibers |
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179 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Cellulose nanocrystals |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (4) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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9.5 Nonbiodegradable polymers |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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9.7 Biodegradable polymers |
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189 | (1) |
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9.8 Effect of nanocellulose on biodegradability |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (6) |
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191 | (6) |
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10 Production of microfibrillated cellulose fibers and their application in polymeric composites |
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197 | (34) |
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10.1 Microfibrillated cellulose fiber production |
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197 | (9) |
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10.1.1 Microstructure of microfibrillated cellulose |
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197 | (1) |
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10.1.2 Chemical composition of microfibrillated cellulose |
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197 | (1) |
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10.1.3 Techniques for microfibrillated cellulose fiber production |
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198 | (8) |
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10.2 Microfibrillated cellulose application in polymeric composites |
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206 | (15) |
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10.2.1 Microfibrillated cellulose in natural polymers |
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208 | (5) |
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10.2.2 Microfibrillated cellulose in thermoplastics |
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213 | (3) |
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10.2.3 Microfibrillated cellulose in thermosets |
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216 | (3) |
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10.2.4 Microfibrillated cellulose in elastomers |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (10) |
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222 | (9) |
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11 Nanotechnology: application and potentials for heterogeneous catalysis |
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231 | (34) |
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231 | (1) |
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11.2 Dehalogenation and hydrogenation reactions |
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232 | (5) |
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11.2.1 Catalytic application of biogenic platinum nanoparticles for hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol |
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233 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Excellent catalytic properties over nanocomposite catalysts for selective hydrogenation of halnitrobenzenes |
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234 | (1) |
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11.2.3 An efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for dehalogenation reaction |
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235 | (1) |
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11.2.4 Looking to the future |
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236 | (1) |
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11.3 Hydrosilylation reactions |
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237 | (4) |
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11.3.1 Advancement over the years: platinum-based catalysts |
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238 | (1) |
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11.3.2 Recent breakthroughs in platinum catalysts |
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238 | (1) |
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11.3.3 Heterogeneous versus homogeneous catalysts in hydrosilylation: nanotechnology applications |
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239 | (1) |
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11.3.4 Platinum-supported nanoparticles |
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239 | (1) |
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11.3.5 Leach-proof and sinter-proof catalysts |
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240 | (1) |
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11.3.6 A look into the future of heterogeneous catalysts in hydrosilylation |
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241 | (1) |
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11.4 C-C coupling reactions |
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241 | (5) |
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242 | (2) |
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11.4.2 Nanoparticles as catalysts |
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244 | (1) |
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11.4.3 Use of nanoparticles in Heck reaction |
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244 | (1) |
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11.4.4 Use of nanoparticles in Sonogashira reaction |
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245 | (1) |
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11.4.5 Use of nanoparticles in the Stille reaction |
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245 | (1) |
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11.5 Fuel cell technology |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (5) |
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11.6.1 Platinum nanoparticles |
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248 | (1) |
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11.6.2 Alternative catalysts material |
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248 | (1) |
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11.6.3 Supporting materials |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (1) |
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11.7 Heavy oil technology |
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252 | (3) |
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11.7.1 Heavy oil recovery methods |
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252 | (1) |
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11.7.2 Nanotechnology application |
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252 | (3) |
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11.8 Supercritical water gasification |
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255 | (1) |
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11.9 Magnetic nanoparticles |
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256 | (4) |
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11.9.1 Nanoscale magnetic stirring bars for heterogeneous catalysis |
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256 | (2) |
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11.9.2 Nanoscale magnetic catalyst for biodiesel production |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (5) |
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261 | (4) |
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12 Lignin removal from pulp and paper industry waste streams and its application |
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265 | (20) |
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265 | (2) |
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12.2 Lignin: biosynthesis to utilization |
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267 | (3) |
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267 | (1) |
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12.2.2 Overview of lignin: biosynthesis and distribution |
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268 | (1) |
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12.2.3 Sources of lignin waste generation |
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269 | (1) |
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12.2.4 Industrial sources of lignin |
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269 | (1) |
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12.3 Techniques for lignin removal |
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270 | (4) |
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12.3.1 Physicochemical processes |
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270 | (4) |
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12.3.2 Removal of lignin by biological means |
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274 | (1) |
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12.4 Gainful utilization of lignin |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (9) |
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277 | (6) |
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283 | (2) |
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13 Nanotechnology in packaging of food and drugs |
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285 | (18) |
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285 | (2) |
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13.2 Nanocellulose for reinforcement of nanocomposites |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (5) |
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13.4 Intelligent packaging |
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294 | (3) |
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13.4.1 Gas indicator/sensor |
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295 | (1) |
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13.4.2 Time-temperature indicators/sensors |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (6) |
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298 | (5) |
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14 Enzyme cocktail: a greener approach for biobleaching in paper and pulp industry |
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303 | (26) |
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303 | (1) |
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14.2 Microbial enzyme applications in biobleaching |
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304 | (5) |
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305 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Lignin and manganese peroxidases (heme peroxidase) |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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14.3 Pulp and papermaking processes |
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309 | (10) |
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14.3.1 Use of enzyme in pulping |
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309 | (1) |
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14.3.2 Enzyme use in bleaching |
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310 | (2) |
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14.3.3 Enzyme use in modifications and fiber recycling |
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312 | (1) |
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14.3.4 Refining and drainage |
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312 | (2) |
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14.3.5 Microbial enzyme-assisted deinking specific |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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14.3.10 Retting of flax fibers |
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318 | (1) |
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14.3.11 Reduction of vessel picking |
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318 | (1) |
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14.3.12 Cellulose-binding domains |
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319 | (1) |
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14.4 Modifying enzymes to attain activity under specific conditions |
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319 | (2) |
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14.5 Environmental and manufacturing benefits |
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321 | (1) |
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14.6 Innovation and implementation |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (7) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (6) |
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15 Electrospun cellulose composite nanofibers and their biotechnological applications |
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329 | (20) |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (1) |
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15.3 Electrospinning of cellulose composite nanofibers |
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332 | (1) |
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15.4 Applications of electrospun cellulose composite nanofibers |
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333 | (9) |
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15.4.1 Electrospun cellulose composite nanofibers as sensors |
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334 | (1) |
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15.4.2 Electrospun cellulose composite nanofibers in drug delivery |
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334 | (4) |
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15.4.3 Electrospun cellulose composite nanofibers in environmental remediation |
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338 | (2) |
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15.4.4 Electrospun cellulose composite nanofibers in tissue engineering |
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340 | (2) |
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342 | (7) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (7) |
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16 Treatment of pulp and paper industry waste effluents and contaminants |
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349 | (22) |
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Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira |
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349 | (2) |
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16.2 Processing of paper and pulp industry |
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351 | (1) |
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16.3 Types of pollutants and their characteristics |
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352 | (2) |
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16.3.1 Gaseous effluents emissions into the air |
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353 | (1) |
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16.3.2 Solid wastes emitted in the wastewater |
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353 | (1) |
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16.3.3 Liquid wastes emitted as wastewater |
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353 | (1) |
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16.4 Environmental impact of effluents |
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354 | (2) |
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16.5 Treatment of paper and pulp industry contaminants |
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356 | (7) |
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16.5.1 Removal of contaminants through primary treatment |
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357 | (1) |
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16.5.2 Removal of contaminants through secondary treatment |
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357 | (1) |
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16.5.3 Removal of contaminants through coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation |
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358 | (1) |
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16.5.4 Sorption/membrane-based removal of contaminants |
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359 | (1) |
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16.5.5 Advanced oxidation processes and ozonation |
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359 | (1) |
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16.5.6 Bioremediation of wastewater from the paper and pulp industry |
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360 | (3) |
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363 | (8) |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (8) |
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17 Paper and pulp mill wastewater: characterization, microbial-mediated degradation, and challenges |
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371 | (18) |
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371 | (2) |
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17.2 Characteristics of paper and pulp industry effluent |
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373 | (5) |
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17.2.1 Characterization of organic compounds |
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373 | (1) |
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17.2.2 Environmental impact of paper and pulp industry effluent |
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374 | (4) |
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17.3 Microbial-mediated degradation |
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378 | (5) |
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17.3.1 Bacterial-mediated degradation of paper and pulp industry effluent |
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378 | (2) |
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17.3.2 Fungal-mediated degradation of paper and pulp industry effluent |
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380 | (1) |
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17.3.3 Benefits of microbial ligninolytic potential on pulp treatment |
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380 | (3) |
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17.4 Challenges and future expectations |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (5) |
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384 | (5) |
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18 Nanocellulose: fascinating and sustainable nanomaterial for papermaking |
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389 | (20) |
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389 | (2) |
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18.2 Chemistry of cellulose |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (1) |
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18.4.1 Cellulose nanofibers |
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394 | (1) |
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18.4.2 Cellulose nanocrystals |
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394 | (1) |
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18.5 Challenges for nanocellulose in papermaking |
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394 | (1) |
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18.6 Application of cellulose nanofibers into the papermaking |
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395 | (5) |
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18.6.1 Direct reinforcement of cellulose nanofibers into the pulp suspension |
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396 | (2) |
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398 | (1) |
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18.6.3 Pure cellulose nanofibers coating |
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399 | (1) |
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18.6.4 Wet-end optimization (cellulose nanofiber + polyelectrolyte) |
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400 | (1) |
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18.7 Modification of nanocellulose |
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400 | (2) |
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18.8 Functional properties of cellulose nanofibers |
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402 | (1) |
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18.9 Market perspectives of nanocellulose |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (7) |
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403 | (6) |
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19 Utilization of nanocellulose fibers, nanocrystalline cellulose and bacterial cellulose in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications |
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409 | (62) |
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Thayvee Geetha Bharathi Silvaragi |
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Sarminiyy Lenga Gururuloo |
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409 | (1) |
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19.2 Chemical and physical properties of nanocellulose |
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410 | (1) |
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19.3 Mechanical and reinforcement properties of nanocellulose in pharmaceutical applications |
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411 | (1) |
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19.4 Biological properties of nanocellulose (that make it suitable in pharmaceutical applications) |
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412 | (1) |
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19.5 Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of nanocellulose |
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413 | (1) |
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19.6 Nanocellulose-based pharmaceutical applications |
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414 | (16) |
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414 | (1) |
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19.6.2 Rapid drug delivery |
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414 | (1) |
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19.6.3 Controlled and sustained drug delivery |
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415 | (2) |
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417 | (4) |
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421 | (2) |
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19.6.6 Intratumoral delivery |
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423 | (2) |
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425 | (2) |
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19.6.8 Transdermal delivery |
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427 | (3) |
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19.7 Advanced nanomaterials for tissue engineering, wound healing, repair and regeneration |
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430 | (29) |
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19.7.1 Diagnostic devices |
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434 | (11) |
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19.7.2 Immobilization and recognition of enzyme/protein |
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445 | (11) |
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19.7.3 Antimicrobial nanomaterials |
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456 | (3) |
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19.8 Conclusions and remarks/prospects |
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459 | (12) |
|
|
459 | (12) |
|
20 Nano-driven processes toward the treatment of paper and pulp industrial effluent: from the view of resource recovery and circular economy |
|
|
471 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
20.2 Characteristics of paper and pulp industry effluents |
|
|
472 | (3) |
|
20.2.1 Raw material preparation (Barker bearing cooling water) |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
20.2.2 Pulping (black liquor) |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
20.2.3 Washing (wash water) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
20.2.4 Bleaching (bleach plant wash water) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
20.2.5 Paper manufacturing (white water) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
20.3 Key challenges in pulp and paper industry |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
20.4 Nano-driven processes for the remediation of paper and pulp industry effluent |
|
|
476 | (11) |
|
20.4.1 Photocatalysis based treatment of paper and pulp mill effluents |
|
|
477 | (4) |
|
20.4.2 Nanomembrane based treatment of paper and pulp mill effluents |
|
|
481 | (4) |
|
20.4.3 Nanosorption-based treatment of paper and pulp mill effluents |
|
|
485 | (2) |
|
|
487 | (2) |
|
|
489 | (4) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (4) |
|
21 Future perspective of pulp and paper industry |
|
|
493 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
21.2 Economic feasibility and environmental regulation |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
21.3 Challenges, perspectives, and innovations |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
496 | (3) |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (2) |
Index |
|
499 | |