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E-grāmata: Nanotechnology in Paper and Wood Engineering: Fundamentals, Challenges and Applications

Edited by (Assistant Professor, Jaypee University of Information Technology), Edited by (Senior Principal Resear), Edited by , Edited by (Professor and ERA-Chair Holder, Food By-Products Valorization Technologies (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia)
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Sērija : Micro & Nano Technologies
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Jan-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323859639
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Sērija : Micro & Nano Technologies
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Jan-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323859639
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Nanotechnology in Paper and Wood Engineering: Fundamentals, Challenges and Applications describes recent advances made in the use of nanotechnology in the paper and pulp industry. Various types of nano-additives commonly used in the paper industry for modification of raw material to enhance final products are included, with other sections covering the imaging applications of nano-papers and nano-woods in pharmaceuticals, biocatalysis, photocatalysis and energy storage. This book is an important reference source for materials scientists and engineers who are looking to understand how nanotechnology is being used to create more efficient manufacturing processes in for the paper and wood industries.
  • Provides information on nano-paper production and its applications
  • Explains the major synthesis techniques and design concepts of cellulosic or wooden nanomaterials for industrial applications
  • Assesses the major challenges of creating nanotechnology-based manufacturing systems for wood and paper engineering
List of contributors
xv
Preface xxi
Part I Fundamentals
1 Nanotechnology in paper and wood engineering: an introduction
3(12)
Ashok Kumar
Tuan Anh Nguyen
Swati Sharma
Rajeev Bhat
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Applications of nanotechnology in the paper and pulp industry
4(2)
1.3 Applications of nanotechnology in the wood industry
6(2)
1.4 Conclusion
8(7)
References
9(6)
2 Nanofibers for the paper industry
15(20)
Pawet Chmielarz
Izabela Zaborniak
2.1 Paper industry: challenges
15(1)
2.2 Nanofibers: characteristics
16(1)
2.3 Cellulose nanofibers
17(11)
2.3.1 Types of CNF in paper manufacturing
18(3)
2.3.2 The mechanism of CNF strengthening properties
21(2)
2.3.3 CNF as an additive in paper industry
23(3)
2.3.4 CNF as coating material in papermaking
26(2)
2.4 Lignocellulosic nanofibers
28(1)
2.5 Conclusions and future prospective
29(6)
References
30(5)
3 Role of laccase in the pulp and paper industry
35(26)
Asim Hussain
Muhammad Bilal
Hamza Rafeeq
Zara Jabeen
Nadia Afsheen
Farooq Sher
Vineet Kumar
Ram Naresh Bharagava
Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
3.1 Introduction
35(2)
3.2 Laccases, redox potential, and delignification
37(1)
3.3 Laccases-assisted biobleaching/delignification of pulps
38(1)
3.4 Laccase mediators
39(2)
3.4.1 Natural mediators
39(1)
3.4.2 Artificial mediators
40(1)
3.5 Lignin degradation by laccase-mediator system
41(3)
3.6 Biobleaching by laccase-mediator system
44(1)
3.7 Effect of laccase and xylanase on biobleaching
45(1)
3.8 Laccase utilization for pulp biografting
46(1)
3.9 Pitch control by laccases
47(1)
3.10 Deinking of waste papers by LMS
48(1)
3.11 Laccase-mediated treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents
49(1)
3.12 Lignin transformation by laccases
50(1)
3.13 Recovery of lignin byproducts
51(1)
3.14 Laccase for biofuels synthesis
51(1)
3.15 Oxygen role in biobleaching of pulp
52(1)
3.16 Challenges to implement laccase at industrial level
53(1)
3.17 Recombinant laccases in biobleaching of pulps
54(1)
3.18 Conclusion and perspectives
55(6)
Acknowledgment
56(1)
Conflict of interests
56(1)
References
56(5)
4 Nanotechnology for waste wood recycling
61(20)
K. M. Faridul Hasan
Peter Gyorgy Horvath
Tibor Alpar
4.1 Introduction
61(3)
4.2 Wood waste materials
64(2)
4.3 Nanotechnology
66(7)
4.3.1 Nanographene
68(1)
4.3.2 Nanotitanium dioxide
69(1)
4.3.3 Nanosilicon dioxide
69(1)
4.3.4 NanoZnO2
70(2)
4.3.5 Carbon nanotube
72(1)
4.4 W@W-based nanocomposites
73(2)
4.5 Summary
75(6)
References
75(6)
5 Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable cellulose-based polymer hydrogel
81(44)
Kiplangat Rop
George N. Karuku
Damaris Mbui
5.1 Introduction
81(4)
5.2 Materials and methods
85(7)
5.2.1 Materials
85(1)
5.2.2 Sample preparation
85(1)
5.2.3 Characterization of water hyacinth
86(1)
5.2.4 Isolation of cellulose from water hyacinth
86(1)
5.2.5 Synthesis of water hyacinth cellulose-g-poly(ammonium acrylate-co-acrylic acid) polymer hydrogel
87(1)
5.2.6 Structural and morphological characterization
88(1)
5.2.7 Evaluating the swelling of polymer hydrogel
89(1)
5.2.8 Biodegradation test
90(1)
5.2.9 Preparation of nanocomposite polymer hydrogel
91(1)
5.2.10 Statistical data analysis
92(1)
5.3 Results and discussion
92(26)
5.3.1 Composition of water hyacinth
92(1)
5.3.2 Mechanism of graft polymerization and extraction of homopolymer
93(3)
5.3.3 Structural and morphological characteristics of water hyacinth, isolated cellulose, and cellulose-grafted copolymer
96(6)
5.3.4 Evaluation of the factors influencing the swelling of cellulose-grafted polymer hydrogel
102(4)
5.3.5 Biodegradation of cellulose-grafted copolymer
106(5)
5.3.6 Water absorbency of cellulose-g-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/nano-HA composite hydrogel
111(1)
5.3.7 Structural and morphological characteristics of cellulose-grafted nanocomposite polymer hydrogel
112(6)
5.4 Conclusion
118(7)
Acknowledgments
118(1)
References
119(6)
6 Fabrication of nanowoods and nanopapers
125(18)
Nikita Goswami
Tushar Kumar
Palakjot K. Sodhi
6.1 Introduction
125(1)
6.2 Cellulose and nanocellulose
126(1)
6.3 Isolation and fabrication of nanocellulose fibrils
127(2)
6.4 Products of nanocellulose: nanowood and nanopaper
129(9)
6.4.1 Nanowood
129(3)
6.4.2 Nanopaper
132(6)
6.5 Conclusion
138(5)
References
139(4)
7 Pulp and paper industry-based pollutants, and their adverse impacts
143(20)
Komal Rizwan
Tahir Rasheed
Muhammad Bilal
Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
7.1 Introduction
143(2)
7.2 Waste effluents from the pulp and paper industry
145(1)
7.3 Pollutants from pulp and paper industry: categories and characteristics
145(1)
7.4 Adverse health impacts of pUtp and paper industry pollutants
146(1)
7.5 Environmental implications regarding pulp and paper industry waste
147(2)
7.6 Techniques for wastewater treatment
149(4)
7.7 Waste to value aspects
153(1)
7.8 Conclusion
154(9)
Acknowledgment
155(1)
Conflict of interests
155(1)
References
155(5)
Further reading
160(3)
Part II Applications
8 Pharmaceutical applications of nanocellulose
163(12)
Shweta Mishra
Anil M. Pethe
8.1 Introduction
163(1)
8.2 Methods of preparation
163(2)
8.2.1 Acid hydrolysis for nanocellulose preparation
164(1)
8.3 Application of NCC
165(6)
8.4 Conclusion
171(4)
References
171(4)
9 Nano-biodegradation of plastic materials
175(22)
Alcides Lopes Leao
Ivana Cesarino
Milena Chanes de Souza
Otavio Augusto Titton Dias
Mohammad Jawaid
9.1 Introduction
175(1)
9.2 Applications
176(1)
9.3 Nanocellulose
177(5)
9.3.1 Cellulose nanofibers
179(1)
9.3.2 Cellulose nanocrystals
180(2)
9.4 Degradability
182(4)
9.4.1 Degradation
184(1)
9.4.2 Biodegradation
185(1)
9.5 Nonbiodegradable polymers
186(1)
9.6 Bioplastics
187(2)
9.7 Biodegradable polymers
189(1)
9.8 Effect of nanocellulose on biodegradability
190(1)
9.9 Conclusions
191(6)
References
191(6)
10 Production of microfibrillated cellulose fibers and their application in polymeric composites
197(34)
Ming Liu
Katrin Greta Hoffmann
Thomas Geiger
Gustav Nystrom
10.1 Microfibrillated cellulose fiber production
197(9)
10.1.1 Microstructure of microfibrillated cellulose
197(1)
10.1.2 Chemical composition of microfibrillated cellulose
197(1)
10.1.3 Techniques for microfibrillated cellulose fiber production
198(8)
10.2 Microfibrillated cellulose application in polymeric composites
206(15)
10.2.1 Microfibrillated cellulose in natural polymers
208(5)
10.2.2 Microfibrillated cellulose in thermoplastics
213(3)
10.2.3 Microfibrillated cellulose in thermosets
216(3)
10.2.4 Microfibrillated cellulose in elastomers
219(2)
10.3 Future perspectives
221(10)
References
222(9)
11 Nanotechnology: application and potentials for heterogeneous catalysis
231(34)
Nishanth Ignatius
Anthony Poblete
Aleksa Krunic
Peter Ma
Nishil Gosalia
Tayyub Ali
Yaser Dahman
11.1 Introduction
231(1)
11.2 Dehalogenation and hydrogenation reactions
232(5)
11.2.1 Catalytic application of biogenic platinum nanoparticles for hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol
233(1)
11.2.2 Excellent catalytic properties over nanocomposite catalysts for selective hydrogenation of halnitrobenzenes
234(1)
11.2.3 An efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for dehalogenation reaction
235(1)
11.2.4 Looking to the future
236(1)
11.3 Hydrosilylation reactions
237(4)
11.3.1 Advancement over the years: platinum-based catalysts
238(1)
11.3.2 Recent breakthroughs in platinum catalysts
238(1)
11.3.3 Heterogeneous versus homogeneous catalysts in hydrosilylation: nanotechnology applications
239(1)
11.3.4 Platinum-supported nanoparticles
239(1)
11.3.5 Leach-proof and sinter-proof catalysts
240(1)
11.3.6 A look into the future of heterogeneous catalysts in hydrosilylation
241(1)
11.4 C-C coupling reactions
241(5)
11.4.1 Catalysts
242(2)
11.4.2 Nanoparticles as catalysts
244(1)
11.4.3 Use of nanoparticles in Heck reaction
244(1)
11.4.4 Use of nanoparticles in Sonogashira reaction
245(1)
11.4.5 Use of nanoparticles in the Stille reaction
245(1)
11.5 Fuel cell technology
246(1)
11.6 Platinum catalysts
247(5)
11.6.1 Platinum nanoparticles
248(1)
11.6.2 Alternative catalysts material
248(1)
11.6.3 Supporting materials
249(2)
11.6.4 Fuel cell outlook
251(1)
11.7 Heavy oil technology
252(3)
11.7.1 Heavy oil recovery methods
252(1)
11.7.2 Nanotechnology application
252(3)
11.8 Supercritical water gasification
255(1)
11.9 Magnetic nanoparticles
256(4)
11.9.1 Nanoscale magnetic stirring bars for heterogeneous catalysis
256(2)
11.9.2 Nanoscale magnetic catalyst for biodiesel production
258(2)
11.10 Conclusion
260(5)
References
261(4)
12 Lignin removal from pulp and paper industry waste streams and its application
265(20)
Vivek Yadav
Adarsh Kumar
Muhammad Bilal
Tuan Anh Nguyen
Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
12.1 Introduction
265(2)
12.2 Lignin: biosynthesis to utilization
267(3)
12.2.1 Nature of lignin
267(1)
12.2.2 Overview of lignin: biosynthesis and distribution
268(1)
12.2.3 Sources of lignin waste generation
269(1)
12.2.4 Industrial sources of lignin
269(1)
12.3 Techniques for lignin removal
270(4)
12.3.1 Physicochemical processes
270(4)
12.3.2 Removal of lignin by biological means
274(1)
12.4 Gainful utilization of lignin
274(2)
12.5 Conclusion
276(9)
References
277(6)
Further reading
283(2)
13 Nanotechnology in packaging of food and drugs
285(18)
Marzieh Badiei
Nilofar Asim
Nurul Asma Samsudin
Nowshad Amin
Kamaruzzaman Sopian
13.1 Introduction
285(2)
13.2 Nanocellulose for reinforcement of nanocomposites
287(2)
13.3 Active packaging
289(5)
13.4 Intelligent packaging
294(3)
13.4.1 Gas indicator/sensor
295(1)
13.4.2 Time-temperature indicators/sensors
296(1)
13.5 Conclusion
297(6)
References
298(5)
14 Enzyme cocktail: a greener approach for biobleaching in paper and pulp industry
303(26)
Adarsh Kumar
Prerna
Muhammad Bilal
Ajay Kumar Singh
Sheel Ratna
K.R. Talluri Rameshwari
Ishtiaq Ahmed
Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
14.1 Introduction
303(1)
14.2 Microbial enzyme applications in biobleaching
304(5)
14.2.1 Laccases
305(1)
14.2.2 Lignin and manganese peroxidases (heme peroxidase)
305(1)
14.2.3 Cellulase
306(1)
14.2.4 Xylanase
306(1)
14.2.5 Lipases
307(1)
14.2.6 Protease
308(1)
14.2.7 Amylase
308(1)
14.3 Pulp and papermaking processes
309(10)
14.3.1 Use of enzyme in pulping
309(1)
14.3.2 Enzyme use in bleaching
310(2)
14.3.3 Enzyme use in modifications and fiber recycling
312(1)
14.3.4 Refining and drainage
312(2)
14.3.5 Microbial enzyme-assisted deinking specific
314(1)
14.3.6 Removal of pitch
315(1)
14.3.7 Removal of slime
316(1)
14.3.8 Removal of shives
317(1)
14.3.9 Debarking
317(1)
14.3.10 Retting of flax fibers
318(1)
14.3.11 Reduction of vessel picking
318(1)
14.3.12 Cellulose-binding domains
319(1)
14.4 Modifying enzymes to attain activity under specific conditions
319(2)
14.5 Environmental and manufacturing benefits
321(1)
14.6 Innovation and implementation
322(1)
14.7 Conclusion
322(7)
Acknowledgments
323(1)
References
323(6)
15 Electrospun cellulose composite nanofibers and their biotechnological applications
329(20)
Sumeet Malik
Adnan Khan
Nisar Ali
Farman Ali
Abbas Rahdar
Sikandar I. Mulla
Tuan Anh Nguyen
Muhammad Bilal
15.1 Introduction
329(2)
15.2 Electrospinning
331(1)
15.3 Electrospinning of cellulose composite nanofibers
332(1)
15.4 Applications of electrospun cellulose composite nanofibers
333(9)
15.4.1 Electrospun cellulose composite nanofibers as sensors
334(1)
15.4.2 Electrospun cellulose composite nanofibers in drug delivery
334(4)
15.4.3 Electrospun cellulose composite nanofibers in environmental remediation
338(2)
15.4.4 Electrospun cellulose composite nanofibers in tissue engineering
340(2)
15.5 Conclusion
342(7)
Conflict of interests
342(1)
References
342(7)
16 Treatment of pulp and paper industry waste effluents and contaminants
349(22)
Adrian Khan
Sumeet Malik
Nisar Ali
Muhammad Bilal
Farooq Sher
Vineet Kumar
Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
16.1 Introduction
349(2)
16.2 Processing of paper and pulp industry
351(1)
16.3 Types of pollutants and their characteristics
352(2)
16.3.1 Gaseous effluents emissions into the air
353(1)
16.3.2 Solid wastes emitted in the wastewater
353(1)
16.3.3 Liquid wastes emitted as wastewater
353(1)
16.4 Environmental impact of effluents
354(2)
16.5 Treatment of paper and pulp industry contaminants
356(7)
16.5.1 Removal of contaminants through primary treatment
357(1)
16.5.2 Removal of contaminants through secondary treatment
357(1)
16.5.3 Removal of contaminants through coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation
358(1)
16.5.4 Sorption/membrane-based removal of contaminants
359(1)
16.5.5 Advanced oxidation processes and ozonation
359(1)
16.5.6 Bioremediation of wastewater from the paper and pulp industry
360(3)
16.6 Conclusion
363(8)
Acknowledgement
363(1)
Conflict of interests
363(1)
References
363(8)
17 Paper and pulp mill wastewater: characterization, microbial-mediated degradation, and challenges
371(18)
Adarsh Kumar
Ajay Kumar Singh
Muhammad Bilal
Sonal Prasad
K.R. Talluri Rameshwari
Ram Chandra
17.1 Introduction
371(2)
17.2 Characteristics of paper and pulp industry effluent
373(5)
17.2.1 Characterization of organic compounds
373(1)
17.2.2 Environmental impact of paper and pulp industry effluent
374(4)
17.3 Microbial-mediated degradation
378(5)
17.3.1 Bacterial-mediated degradation of paper and pulp industry effluent
378(2)
17.3.2 Fungal-mediated degradation of paper and pulp industry effluent
380(1)
17.3.3 Benefits of microbial ligninolytic potential on pulp treatment
380(3)
17.4 Challenges and future expectations
383(1)
17.5 Conclusion
384(5)
References
384(5)
18 Nanocellulose: fascinating and sustainable nanomaterial for papermaking
389(20)
Ritesh Kumar
Gulshan Kumar
18.1 Introduction
389(2)
18.2 Chemistry of cellulose
391(1)
18.3 Source of cellulose
392(1)
18.4 Nanocellulose
393(1)
18.4.1 Cellulose nanofibers
394(1)
18.4.2 Cellulose nanocrystals
394(1)
18.5 Challenges for nanocellulose in papermaking
394(1)
18.6 Application of cellulose nanofibers into the papermaking
395(5)
18.6.1 Direct reinforcement of cellulose nanofibers into the pulp suspension
396(2)
18.6.2 Multiply strategy
398(1)
18.6.3 Pure cellulose nanofibers coating
399(1)
18.6.4 Wet-end optimization (cellulose nanofiber + polyelectrolyte)
400(1)
18.7 Modification of nanocellulose
400(2)
18.8 Functional properties of cellulose nanofibers
402(1)
18.9 Market perspectives of nanocellulose
402(1)
18.10 Conclusion
402(7)
References
403(6)
19 Utilization of nanocellulose fibers, nanocrystalline cellulose and bacterial cellulose in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications
409(62)
Nurul Huda Abd Kadir
Masita Mohammad
Mahboob Alam
Mohammad Torkashvand
Thayvee Geetha Bharathi Silvaragi
Sarminiyy Lenga Gururuloo
19.1 Introduction
409(1)
19.2 Chemical and physical properties of nanocellulose
410(1)
19.3 Mechanical and reinforcement properties of nanocellulose in pharmaceutical applications
411(1)
19.4 Biological properties of nanocellulose (that make it suitable in pharmaceutical applications)
412(1)
19.5 Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of nanocellulose
413(1)
19.6 Nanocellulose-based pharmaceutical applications
414(16)
19.6.1 Drug delivery
414(1)
19.6.2 Rapid drug delivery
414(1)
19.6.3 Controlled and sustained drug delivery
415(2)
19.6.4 Oral delivery
417(4)
19.6.5 Ocular delivery
421(2)
19.6.6 Intratumoral delivery
423(2)
19.6.7 Topical delivery
425(2)
19.6.8 Transdermal delivery
427(3)
19.7 Advanced nanomaterials for tissue engineering, wound healing, repair and regeneration
430(29)
19.7.1 Diagnostic devices
434(11)
19.7.2 Immobilization and recognition of enzyme/protein
445(11)
19.7.3 Antimicrobial nanomaterials
456(3)
19.8 Conclusions and remarks/prospects
459(12)
References
459(12)
20 Nano-driven processes toward the treatment of paper and pulp industrial effluent: from the view of resource recovery and circular economy
471(22)
G. Madhubala
S. Abiramasundari
Nelson Pynadathu Rumjit
V.C. Padmanaban
Chin Wei Lai
20.1 Introduction
471(1)
20.2 Characteristics of paper and pulp industry effluents
472(3)
20.2.1 Raw material preparation (Barker bearing cooling water)
473(1)
20.2.2 Pulping (black liquor)
473(1)
20.2.3 Washing (wash water)
474(1)
20.2.4 Bleaching (bleach plant wash water)
474(1)
20.2.5 Paper manufacturing (white water)
474(1)
20.3 Key challenges in pulp and paper industry
475(1)
20.4 Nano-driven processes for the remediation of paper and pulp industry effluent
476(11)
20.4.1 Photocatalysis based treatment of paper and pulp mill effluents
477(4)
20.4.2 Nanomembrane based treatment of paper and pulp mill effluents
481(4)
20.4.3 Nanosorption-based treatment of paper and pulp mill effluents
485(2)
20.5 Future perspectives
487(2)
20.6 Conclusion
489(4)
Acknowledgments
489(1)
References
489(4)
21 Future perspective of pulp and paper industry
493(6)
Muhammad Bilal
Tuan Anh Nguyen
Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
21.1 Introduction
493(1)
21.2 Economic feasibility and environmental regulation
494(1)
21.3 Challenges, perspectives, and innovations
495(1)
21.4 Concluding note
496(3)
Acknowledgment
496(1)
Conflict of interest
497(1)
References
497(2)
Index 499
Rajeev Bhat Rajeev Bhat is a professor and the ERA Chair holder in Food By-products Valorization Technologies (VALORTECH) at the Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, EU. He has an extensive research and teaching experience of more than 20 years in the field of agri-food technology, with research expertise focusing on various issues pertaining to sustainable food production and food security. He holds international work experiences in South Korea, India, Malaysia, Germany, Fiji Islands, and now in Estonia. To date, he has nearly 250 research articles published in ISI based journals and as refereed book chapters; has edited seven and authored one book; is on the editorial board of leading International journals; has been a scientific committee/advisory board member and an invited speaker in various international conferences. His name now figures in the Worlds top 2% scientists in the field of Food Science & Technology as per the survey done by Stanford University based researchers. He has completed several sponsored research and consultancy projects with funding received from various agencies. Prof. Bhat has also been a visiting professor in many of the renowned universities and is a recipient of several prestigious international awards and recognitions conferred by various institutions of higher learning and research establishments. Ashok Kumar is Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology and Bionformatics, at Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, India. His research areas are microbial biotechnology, biocatalysis, biopolymers, enzyme immobilization, bioenergy, and CO2 conversion Tuan Anh Nguyen is a Senior Principal Research Scientist at the Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam. He received a BS in physics from Hanoi University in 1992, a BS in economics from Hanoi National Economics University in 1997, and a PhD in chemistry from the Paris Diderot University, France, in 2003. He was a Visiting Scientist at Seoul National University, South Korea, in 2004, and the University of Wollongong, Australia, in 2005. He then worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate and Research Scientist at Montana State University, United States in 2006-09. In 2012 he was appointed as the Head of the Microanalysis Department at the Institute for Tropical Technology. His research areas of interest include smart sensors, smart networks, smart hospitals, smart cities, complexiverse, and digital twins. He has edited more than 74 books for Elsevier, 12 books for CRC Press, 1 book for Springer, 1 book for RSC, and 2 books for IGI Global. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Kenkyu Journal of Nanotechnology & Nanoscience. Dr. Swati Sharma (MSc, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni Solan H.P. India; PhD. University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia) is Assistant Professor at University Institute of Biotechnology, the Chandigarh University Mohali, India. She worked as a visiting researcher in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea. She has also worked as a program co-coordinator at the Himalayan Action Research Center (HARC), Dehradun, and Senior Research Fellow at the India Agricultural Research Institute in 2013-2014. Presently, Dr. Sharma's research is in the field of bioplastics, hydrogels, keratin nano-fibers and nano-particles, biodegradable polymers and polymers with antioxidant and anticancer activities and sponges. Dr. Swati has published numerous books and papers in various internationally reputed journals.