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E-grāmata: Natural Resource and Environmental Economics

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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Feb-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780273760375
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Natural Resource and Environmental EconomicsPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Feb-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780273760375
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Now in its fourth edition, Natural Resources and Environmental Economics, provides comprehensive and contemporary analysis of the major areas of natural resource and environmental economics.

All chapters have been fully updated in light of new developments and changes in the subject, and provide a balance of theory, applications and examples to give a rigorous grounding in the economic analysis of the resource and environmental issues that are increasingly prominent policy concerns.

This text is suitable for second and third year undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics.

Preface to the Fourth Edition xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Notation xx
Introduction xxiii
Part I Foundations
Chapter 1 An introduction to natural resource and environmental economics
3(13)
Learning objectives
3(1)
Introduction
3(1)
1.1 Three themes
3(1)
1.2 The emergence of resource and environmental economics
4(6)
1.3 Fundamental issues in the economic approach to resource and environmental issues
10(3)
1.4 Reader's guide
13(3)
Summary
14(1)
Further reading
15(1)
Chapter 2 The origins of the sustainability problem
16(43)
Learning objectives
16(1)
Introduction
16(1)
2.1 Economy-environment interdependence
17(14)
2.2 The drivers of environmental impact
31(11)
2.3 Poverty and inequality
42(4)
2.4 Limits to growth?
46(4)
2.5 The pursuit of sustainable development
50(9)
Summary
54(1)
Further reading
55(2)
Discussion questions
57(1)
Problems
57(2)
Chapter 3 Ethics, economics and the environment
59(33)
Learning objectives
59(1)
Introduction
59(1)
3.1 Naturalist moral philosophies
60(1)
3.2 Libertarian moral philosophy
61(1)
3.3 Utilitarianism
62(10)
3.4 Criticisms of utilitarianism
72(3)
3.5 Intertemporal dislribution
75(17)
Summary
89(1)
Further reading
89(1)
Discussion questions
90(1)
Problems
91(1)
Chapter 4 Welfare economics and the environment
92(47)
Learning objectives
92(1)
Introduction
92(1)
Part I Efficiency and optimality
92(2)
4.1 Economic efficiency
94(3)
4.2 An efficient allocation of resources is not unique
97(2)
4.3 The social welfare function and optimality
99(1)
4.4 Compensation tests
100(3)
Part II Allocation in a market economy
103(1)
4.5 Efficiency given ideal conditions
103(3)
4.6 Partial equilibrium analysis of market efficiency
106(3)
4.7 Market allocations are not necessarily equitable
109(2)
Part III Market failure, public policy and the environment
111(1)
4.8 The existence of markets for environmental services
111(2)
4.9 Public goods
113(8)
4.10 Externalities
121(8)
4.11 The second-best problem
129(1)
4.12 Imperfect information
130(1)
4.13 Public choice theory - explaining government failure
131(8)
Summary
134(1)
Further reading
135(1)
Discussion questions
135(1)
Problems
136(3)
Part II Environmental pollution
Chapter 5 Pollution control: targets
139(38)
Learning objectives
139(1)
Introduction
139(1)
5.1 Modelling frameworks
140(2)
5.2 Modelling pollution within an economic efficiency framework
142(1)
5.3 Pollution flows, pollution stocks and pollution damage
143(1)
5.4 The efficient level of pollution
144(1)
5.5 A static model of efficient flow pollution
145(4)
5.6 Efficient levels of emission of stock pollutants
149(1)
5.7 Pollution control where damages depend on location of the emissions
149(2)
5.8 Ambient pollution standards
151(2)
5.9 Intertemporal analysis of stock pollution
153(6)
5.10 Variable decay
158(1)
5.11 Departures from convexity or concavity in damage and abatement cost (or pollution benefit) functions
159(5)
5.12 `No regrets' policies and rebound effects
164(1)
5.13 The double dividend hypothesis
165(3)
5.14 Objectives of pollution policy
168(9)
Summary
172(3)
Further reading
175(1)
Discussion questions
176(1)
Problems
176(1)
Chapter 6 Pollution control: instruments
177(52)
Learning objective
177(1)
Introduction
177(1)
6.1 Criteria for choice of pollution control instruments
178(1)
6.2 Cost efficiency and cost-effective pollution abatement instruments
179(2)
6.3 Instruments for achieving pollution abatement targets
181(14)
6.4 Economic incentive (quasi-market) instruments
195(15)
6.5 Pollution control where damages depend on location of the emissions
210(8)
6.6 A comparison of the relative advantages of command and control, emissions tax, emission abatement subsidy and marketable permit instruments
218(11)
Summary
223(1)
Further reading
224(1)
Discussion questions
225(1)
Problems
226(3)
Chapter 7 Pollution policy with imperfect information
229(22)
Learning objectives
229(1)
Introduction
229(1)
7.1 Difficulties in identifying pollution targets in the context of limited information and uncertainty
230(2)
7.2 Sustainability-based approaches to target setting and the precautionary principle
232(1)
7.3 The relative merits of pollution control instruments under conditions of uncertainty
233(10)
7.4 Transactions costs and environmental regulation
243(8)
Summary
248(1)
Further reading
249(1)
Discussion question
249(1)
Problems
250(1)
Chapter 8 Economy-wide modelling
251(31)
Learning objectives
251(1)
Introduction
251(2)
8.1 Input-output analysis
253(4)
8.2 Environmental input-output analysis
257(7)
8.3 Costs and prices
264(4)
8.4 Computable general equilibrium models
268(14)
Summary
279(1)
Further reading
280(1)
Discussion questions
281(1)
Problems
281(1)
Chapter 9 International environmental problems
282(60)
Learning objectives
282(1)
Introduction
282(1)
9.1 Game theory analysis
283(11)
9.2 International environmental agreements
294(5)
9.3 Other factors conducive to international environmental cooperation
299(3)
9.4 Stratospheric ozone depletion
302(3)
9.5 Global climate change
305(37)
Learning outcomes
337(1)
Further reading
338(2)
Discussion questions
340(1)
Problems
341(1)
Chapter 10 Trade and the environment
342(25)
Learning objectives
342(1)
Introduction
342(1)
10.1 An environmental extension to traditional trade theory
343(2)
10.2 Does free trade harm the environment? A partial equilibrium analysis
345(2)
10.3 General equilibrium models of trade and the environment
347(5)
10.4 Do governments have an incentive to manipulate environmental standards for trade purposes?
352(2)
10.5 Environmental policy and competition between jurisdictions for mobile capital
354(2)
10.6 Banning trade in endangered species
356(1)
10.7 The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organisation
357(3)
10.8 The empirical evidence on environmental regulations and the pattern of trade
360(7)
Summary
363(1)
Further reading
363(1)
Discussion questions
364(3)
Part III Project appraisal
Chapter 11 Cost-benefit analysis
367(44)
Learning objectives
367(1)
Introduction
367(1)
11.1 Intertemporal welfare economies
368(10)
11.2 Project appraisal
378(14)
11.3 Cost-benefit analysis and the environment
392(19)
Summary
406(1)
Further rending
407(1)
Discussion questions
408(1)
Problems
409(2)
Chapter 12 Valuing the environment
411(44)
Learning objectives
411(1)
Introduction
411(1)
12.1 Categories of environmental benefits
412(1)
12.2 The theory of environmental valuation
413(2)
12.3 Contingent valuation
415(14)
12.4 Choice experiments
429(6)
12.5 The travel cost method
435(7)
12.6 Hedonic pricing
442(9)
12.7 Production function-based techniques
451(4)
Summary
452(1)
Further reading
453(1)
Discussion questions
453(1)
Problems
454(1)
Chapter 13 Irreversibility, risk and uncertainty
455(30)
Learning objectives
455(1)
Introduction
455(1)
13.1 Individual decision making in the face of risk
456(3)
13.2 Option price and option value
459(3)
13.3 Risk and irreversibility
462(6)
13.4 Environmental cost-benefit analysis revisited
468(2)
13.5 Decision theory: choices under uncertainty
470(2)
13.6 A safe minimum standard of conservation
472(13)
Summary
478(1)
Further reading
479(1)
Discussion questions
480(1)
Problems
480(5)
Part IV Natural resource exploitation
Chapter 14 The efficient and optimal use of natural resources
485(24)
Learning objectives
485(1)
Introduction
485(1)
Part I A simple optimal resource depletion model
486(1)
14.1 The economy and its production function
486(1)
14.2 Is the natural resource essential?
486(1)
14.3 What is the elasticity of substitution between K and R?
487(1)
14.4 Resource substitutability and the consequences of increasing resource scarcity
488(4)
14.5 The social welfare function and an optimal allocation of natural resources
492(6)
Part II Extending the model to incorporate extraction costs and renewable resources
498(1)
14.6 The optimal solution to the resource depletion model incorporating extraction costs
499(2)
14.7 Generalisation to renewable resources
501(1)
14.8 Complications
502(1)
14.9 A numerical application: oil extraction and global optimal consumption
503(6)
Summary
507(1)
Further reading
507(1)
Discussion questions
508(1)
Problems
508(1)
Chapter 15 The theory of optimal resource extraction: non-renewable resources
509(29)
Learning objectives
509(1)
Introduction
509(4)
15.1 A non-renewable resource two-period model
513(2)
15.2 A non-renewable resource multi-period model
515(5)
15.3 Non-renewable resource extraction in perfectly competitive markets
520(1)
15.4 Resource extraction in a monopolistic market
521(1)
15.5 A comparison of competitive and monopolistic extraction programmes
521(2)
15.6 Extensions of the multi-period model of non-renewable resource depletion
523(5)
15.7 The introduction of taxation/subsidies
528(1)
15.8 The resource depletion model: some extensions and further issues
529(1)
15.9 Do resource prices actually follow the Hotelling rule?
530(2)
15.10 Natural resource scarcity
532(6)
Summary
535(1)
Further reading
536(1)
Discussion questions
537(1)
Problems
537(1)
Chapter 16 Stock pollution problems
538(21)
Learning objectives
538(1)
Introduction
538(1)
16.1 An aggregate dynamic model of pollution
539(10)
16.2 A complication: variable decay of the pollution stock
549(1)
16.3 Steady-state outcomes
549(2)
16.4 A model of waste accumulation and disposal
551(8)
Summary
557(1)
Further reading
558(1)
Discussion question
558(1)
Problem
558(1)
Chapter 17 Renewable resources
559(47)
Learning objectives
559(1)
Introduction
559(2)
17.1 Biological growth processes
561(3)
17.2 Steady-state harvests
564(1)
17.3 An open-access fishery
565(6)
17.4 The dynamics of renewable resource harvesting
571(3)
17.5 Should one use a continuous-time model or a discrete-time model of the open-access fishery?
574(1)
17.6 Alternative forms of biological growth function in which there is a positive minimum viable population size
575(1)
17.7 Stochastic fishery models
576(1)
17.8 The private-property fishery
576(8)
17.9 Dynamics in the PV-maximising fishery
584(1)
17.10 Encompassing the open-access, static private-property and PV-maximising fishery models in a single framework
585(1)
17.11 Socially efficient resource harvesting
586(3)
17.12 A safe minimum standard of conservation
589(2)
17.13 Resource harvesting, population collapses and the extinction of species
591(3)
17.14 Renewable resources policy
594(12)
Summary
601(1)
Further reading
602(2)
Discussion questions
604(1)
Problems
604(2)
Chapter 18 Forest resources
606(28)
Learning objectives
606(1)
Introduction
606(1)
18.1 The current state of world forest resources
607(5)
18.2 Characteristics of forest resources
612(2)
18.3 Commercial plantation forestry
614(8)
18.4 Multiple-use forestry
622(3)
18.5 Socially and privately optimal multiple-use plantation forestry
625(1)
18.6 Natural forests and deforestation
626(4)
18.7 Government and forest resources
630(4)
Summary
631(1)
Further reading
631(1)
Discussion questions
632(1)
Problems
632(2)
Chapter 19 Accounting for the environment
634(45)
Learning objectives
634(1)
Introduction
634(1)
19.1 Environmental indicators and state of the environment reporting
635(4)
19.2 Environmental accounting: theory
639(10)
19.3 Environmental accounting: practice
649(10)
19.4 Wealth and genuine saving
659(7)
19.5 Sustainable development indicators
666(8)
19.6 Concluding remarks
674(5)
Summary
675(1)
Further reading
676(1)
Discussion questions
677(1)
Problems
678(1)
References 679(18)
Names Index 697(6)
Subject Index 703
Roger Perman is Senior Lecturer in Economics, Strathclyde University. His major research interests and publications are in the field of applied econometrics and environmental economics.

Michael Common is Professor in the Graduate School of Environmental Studies at Strathclyde University. His major research interests are the development of ecological economics and policies for sustainability.

Yue Ma is Associate Professor in Economics, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, and Adjunct Professor of Lingnan College, Zhongshan University, China. His major research interests are international banking and finance, as well as environmental economics for developing countries.

David Maddison is Professor of Economics at the University of Birmingham

The late James McGilvray was Professor of Economics at Strathclyde University. He made important contributions in the fields of input-output analysis, social accounting and economic statistics, and to the study of the economics of transition in Central and Eastern Europe.
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