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E-grāmata: Netcentric System of Systems Engineering with DEVS Unified Process

  • Formāts: 712 pages
  • Sērija : System of Systems Engineering
  • Izdošanas datums: 03-Sep-2018
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781439827079
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  • Formāts: 712 pages
  • Sērija : System of Systems Engineering
  • Izdošanas datums: 03-Sep-2018
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781439827079
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In areas such as military, security, aerospace, and disaster management, the need for performance optimization and interoperability among heterogeneous systems is increasingly important. Model-driven engineering, a paradigm in which the model becomes the actual software, offers a promising approach toward systems of systems (SoS) engineering. However, model-driven engineering has largely been unachieved in complex dynamical systems and netcentric SoS, partly because modeling and simulation (M&S) frameworks are stove-piped and not designed for SoS composability. Addressing this gap, Netcentric System of Systems Engineering with DEVS Unified Process presents a methodology for realizing the model-driven engineering vision and netcentric SoS using DEVS Unified Process (DUNIP).

The authors draw on their experience with Discrete Event Systems Specification (DEVS) formalism, System Entity Structure (SES) theory, and applying model-driven engineering in the context of a netcentric SoS. They describe formal model-driven engineering methods for netcentric M&S using standards-based approaches to develop and test complex dynamic models with DUNIP. The book is organized into five sections:





Section I introduces undergraduate students and novices to the world of DEVS. It covers systems and SoS M&S as well as DEVS formalism, software, modeling language, and DUNIP. It also assesses DUNIP with the requirements of the Department of Defenses (DoD) Open Unified Technical Framework (OpenUTF) for netcentric Test and Evaluation (T&E). Section II delves into M&S-based systems engineering for graduate students, advanced practitioners, and industry professionals. It provides methodologies to apply M&S principles to SoS design and reviews the development of executable architectures based on a framework such as the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF). It also describes an approach for building netcentric knowledge-based contingency-driven systems. Section III guides graduate students, advanced DEVS users, and industry professionals who are interested in building DEVS virtual machines and netcentric SoS. It discusses modeling standardization, the deployment of models and simulators in a netcentric environment, event-driven architectures, and more. Section IV explores real-world case studies that realize many of the concepts defined in the previous chapters. Section V outlines the next steps and looks at how the modeling of netcentric complex adaptive systems can be attempted using DEVS concepts. It touches on the boundaries of DEVS formalism and the future work needed to utilize advanced concepts like weak and strong emergence, self-organization, scale-free systems, run-time modularity, and event interoperability.

This groundbreaking work details how DUNIP offers a well-structured, platform-independent methodology for the modeling and simulation of netcentric system of systems.

Recenzijas

"The book is the first to expose the DEVS Unified Process (DUNIP), a methodology that employs the DEVS formalism to provide a sound modeling and simulation framework for model-driven systems engineering. Software and systems engineers at the cutting edge of intelligent system technologies will be particularly interested in the fact that the book extends DUNIP to apply to systems capable of complex adaptive and emergent behaviors." Bernard P. Zeigler, the father of DEVS formalism, University of Arizona, USA



"This book is among the first to coherently and concisely address the challenge to integrate modeling and simulation (M&S) as one of the emerging decision support tools of the 21st century into this netcentric environment. ... The task for integrating solutions that are implemented on heterogeneous IT systems and that were developed independently from each other, but that nonetheless shall support homogeneous presentation of required functionality to the user, is supported by netcentric system of systems. The book brings both aspects together successfully and proposes a general solution that merges successful formal approaches with state-of-the-art engineering solutions. Although the case studies are taken from the defense domain, the applicability of the recommended approach to all domains of M&Ssuch as business, transportation, and medicalis given implicitly, as formalism as well as engineering solutions are accepted in these domains." Andreas Tolk, Ph.D., Old Dominion University, USA

" there is interesting content in this book for systems engineers who are interested in model-based systems engineering and in different kinds of simulation, as well as those interested in how the software for distributed systems of computer systems can be modeled. INCOSE INSIGHT, December 2013 "The book is the first to expose the DEVS Unified Process (DUNIP), a methodology that employs the DEVS formalism to provide a sound modeling and simulation framework for model-driven systems engineering. Software and systems engineers at the cutting edge of intelligent system technologies will be particularly interested in the fact that the book extends DUNIP to apply to systems capable of complex adaptive and emergent behaviors."Bernard P. Zeigler, the father of DEVS formalism, University of Arizona, USA

"This book is among the first to coherently and concisely address the challenge to integrate modeling and simulation (M&S) as one of the emerging decision support tools of the 21st century into this netcentric environment. ... The task for integrating solutions that are implemented on heterogeneous IT systems and that were developed independently from each other, but that nonetheless shall support homogeneous presentation of required functionality to the user, is supported by netcentric system of systems. The book brings both aspects together successfully and proposes a general solution that merges successful formal approaches with state-of-the-art engineering solutions. Although the case studies are taken from the defense domain, the applicability of the recommended approach to all domains of M&Ssuch as business, transportation, and medicalis given implicitly, as formalism as well as engineering solutions are accepted in these domains."Andreas Tolk, Ph.D., Old Dominion University, USA

" there is interesting content in this book for systems engineers who are interested in model-based systems engineering and in different kinds of simulation, as well as those interested in how the software for distributed systems of computer systems can be modeled."INCOSE INSIGHT, December 2013

Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxv
Authors xxvii
SECTION I The Basics
Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Modeling and Simulation
3(28)
1.1 The Nature of Simulation
3(1)
1.2 Systems, Models, and Modeling
4(3)
1.2.1 Systems
4(1)
1.2.2 Model of a System
5(1)
1.2.3 Modeling
6(1)
1.3 Phases in Model Development
7(1)
1.4 Types of Simulation Models
7(1)
1.4.1 Stochastic or Deterministic
7(1)
1.4.2 Steady State or Dynamic
8(1)
1.4.3 Continuous or Discrete
8(1)
1.4.4 Local or Distributed
8(1)
1.5 Examples of Models
8(1)
1.5.1 Population Growth
8(1)
1.5.2 Particle in a Potential Field
9(1)
1.5.3 Amortization Process Model
9(1)
1.6 Software Systems Engineering with Objects, Classes, and UML
9(22)
1.6.1 UML for Object-Oriented Modeling
10(7)
1.6.2 Introduction to Java
17(12)
References
29(2)
Chapter 2 System of Systems Modeling and Simulation with DEVS
31(12)
2.1 Definitions
31(3)
2.2 DEVS Hierarchy of Systems Specification
34(3)
2.2.1 Hierarchy of Systems Specification
35(1)
2.2.2 DEVS System Components
36(1)
2.3 Framework for M&S
37(2)
2.3.1 Computational Representation
39(1)
2.4 Summary
39(4)
References
41(2)
Chapter 3 DEVS Formalism and Variants
43(26)
3.1 DEVS Formalism
45(9)
3.1.1 Classic DEVS Formalism
45(6)
3.1.2 P-DEVS Formalism
51(3)
3.2 Well-Defined Systems and Legitimacy
54(1)
3.3 DEVS Model Example
55(3)
3.4 DEVS Representation of Quantized Systems
58(4)
3.5 DEVS Representation of Systems
62(7)
3.5.1 DTSS Models
62(5)
3.5.2 DESS Models
67(1)
References
67(2)
Chapter 4 DEVS Software: Model and Simulator
69(46)
4.1 Introduction
69(2)
4.2 DEVS Modeling Metamodel
71(17)
4.2.1 Port Class
71(5)
4.2.2 Component Class
76(2)
4.2.3 Atomic Class
78(8)
4.2.4 Coupling Class
86(1)
4.2.5 Coupled Model
87(1)
4.3 DEVS Simulation Metamodel
88(8)
4.3.1 DevsSimulator Class
91(1)
4.3.2 Simulator Class
92(1)
4.3.3 Coordinator Class
93(3)
4.4 Simulation of Coupled Models
96(19)
4.4.1 Pulse
99(1)
4.4.2 Ramp
100(4)
4.4.3 Experimental Frame and Processor Model
104(9)
References
113(2)
Chapter 5 DEVS Modeling Language
115(54)
5.1 Language
115(8)
5.1.1 Entity
116(1)
5.1.2 Atomic
117(4)
5.1.3 Coupled
121(2)
5.2 Dynamic Code Generation
123(19)
5.2.1 Entity
125(2)
5.2.2 Atomic
127(11)
5.2.3 Coupled
138(3)
5.2.4 Execution of DEVS Models
141(1)
5.3 Illustration
142(23)
5.3.1 Installation and Setup
142(1)
5.3.2 EFP Model
142(23)
5.4 Natural Language DEVS: Another DEVS DSL
165(1)
5.5 Summary
165(4)
References
168(1)
Chapter 6 DEVS Unified Process
169(22)
6.1 Overview
169(4)
6.2 DEVSML 2.0 Stack
173(4)
6.2.1 Stack
175(2)
6.3 MDA and DUNIP
177(2)
6.4 Agility in DUNIP
179(2)
6.5 Aligning with OpenUTF
181(3)
6.6 Personnel Requirement to Realize DUNIP
184(2)
6.7 Summary
186(5)
References
187(4)
SECTION II Modeling and Simulation-Based Systems Engineering
Chapter 7 Reconfigurable DEVS
191(14)
7.1 Overview
191(3)
7.2 MSVC Paradigm and DEVS Framework
194(1)
7.2.1 Real-Time Control and Visualization Limitations of Existing Simulators
194(1)
7.3 Enhanced MSVC
195(1)
7.4 Dynamic Model and Simulation Reconfiguration
196(2)
7.4.1 Implementation of the Variable Structure in Extended MSVC
196(1)
7.4.2 Notion of System Steady State
197(1)
7.5 Dynamic Simulation Control
198(4)
7.5.1 DEVS Simulation Engine
198(1)
7.5.2 Interrupt Handling
199(1)
7.5.3 The Notion of Simulation Control Explored
200(1)
7.5.4 Parameter Control
201(1)
7.6 Synopsis
202(3)
References
202(3)
Chapter 8 Real-Time DEVS and Virtual DEVS
205(16)
8.1 Introduction
205(1)
8.2 RT-DEVS Model Formal Specification
205(2)
8.3 Real-Time DEVS Simulation
207(4)
8.3.1 Real-Time DEVS Simulation Framework
208(1)
8.3.2 Real-Time Reactive DEVS Simulation
209(2)
8.3.3 Real-Time Transformational DEVS Simulation
211(1)
8.4 RT-DEVS Implementation
211(6)
8.5 RT-DEVS Example
217(4)
References
220(1)
Chapter 9 Model-Driven Engineering and Its Application in Modeling and Simulation
221(28)
9.1 Introduction
221(1)
9.2 MDE, Flavors, and Techniques
222(9)
9.2.1 Metamodeling
224(1)
9.2.2 Model Transformations
225(2)
9.2.3 Various Flavors
227(2)
9.2.4 MDD Tools and Techniques
229(2)
9.3 Domain-Specific Languages
231(1)
9.4 Model-Driven Approaches in M&S
232(3)
9.5 MDD4MS Framework
235(7)
9.5.1 Model-Driven Simulation Model Development Life Cycle
235(3)
9.5.2 Metamodeling in MDD4MS
238(1)
9.5.3 Model Transformations
238(2)
9.5.4 Adding DSLs into MDD4MS
240(2)
9.6 MDD4MS and DEVSML 2.0
242(3)
9.6.1 Using DEVSML as a PISM Metamodel
242(1)
9.6.2 CM to DEVSML Transformation for DEVS-based Simulation
242(3)
9.7 Summary
245(4)
References
245(4)
Chapter 10 System Entity Structures and Contingency-Based Systems
249(28)
10.1 Introduction
249(6)
10.1.1 SES Properties and Axioms
250(1)
10.1.2 An Illustration
251(4)
10.2 Formal Representation of SES
255(2)
10.3 SES Editor
257(6)
10.4 Constraint-Based Pruning
263(6)
10.5 Pragmatics into Ontologies
269(2)
10.6 Knowledge-Based Contingency-Driven Generative Systems
271(4)
10.7 Summary
275(2)
References
276(1)
Chapter 11 Department of Defense Architecture Framework: Version 1.0
277(36)
11.1 Introduction
277(6)
11.1.1 DoDAF 1.0 Specifications
278(1)
11.1.2 Motivation for DoDAF-to-DEVS Mapping
279(4)
11.2 Overview of the Role of DEVS-Based Technology
283(3)
11.3 Filling Gaps in DoDAF 1.0
286(5)
11.3.1 Message Flow among Activities
286(2)
11.3.2 Transition from OV-5 to OV-6
288(1)
11.3.3 Temporal Information
289(2)
11.3.4 Accountability for Failure of Activity Execution
291(1)
11.4 From OV-6 UML Diagrams to DEVS Component Behavior Specifications
291(2)
11.4.1 DoDAF-to-DEVS Elements
292(1)
11.5 DoDAF-Based Activity Scenario
293(15)
11.5.1 Example: Implementation of an Activity Component
293(4)
11.5.2 Activity Taken from Zinn as an Example
297(9)
11.5.3 Synopsis
306(2)
11.6 DoDAF-DEVS Development Process
308(1)
11.7 Summary
309(4)
References
310(3)
Chapter 12 Modeling and Simulation-Based Testing and DoDAF Compliance
313(26)
12.1 Introduction
313(1)
12.2 Background and Available Testing Methodologies
314(9)
12.2.1 Classical Testing Methods
314(2)
12.2.2 Model-Based Testing Techniques
316(1)
12.2.3 Automated Test-Case Generation Using UML Constructs
317(3)
12.2.4 Architecture-Oriented Evaluation Methodologies
320(2)
12.2.5 Discussion
322(1)
12.3 DoDAF Specifications with System Entity Structure
323(2)
12.4 Modeling and Simulation as Applicable to DoDAF Testing
325(5)
12.4.1 NR-KPP and KIP
327(3)
12.5 DoDAF-Compliant Architectures
330(3)
12.6 Summary
333(6)
References
333(6)
SECTION III Netcentric System of Systems
Chapter 13 DEVS Standard
339(36)
13.1 Introduction
339(2)
13.2 Platform-Independent Models and DEVS Standardization
341(3)
13.3 Modeling Layer
344(27)
13.3.1 Standard DEVS Models Using XML Schemas
344(3)
13.3.2 DEVS-to-DEVS Interoperability
347(16)
13.3.3 DEVS-to-Non-DEVS Interoperability
363(8)
13.4 Simulation Layer
371(1)
13.5 Conclusions
372(3)
References
373(2)
Chapter 14 Architecture for DEVS/SOA
375(20)
14.1 Overview
375(3)
14.2 Netcentric DEVS Virtual Machine
378(3)
14.3 DEVSML Package
381(1)
14.4 MicroSim Package
382(1)
14.5 DEVS/SOA Simulation Package
382(7)
14.5.1 Introduction
382(2)
14.5.2 Message Serialization
384(1)
14.5.3 DEVS/SOA Metamodel
384(4)
14.5.4 Centralized Simulation
388(1)
14.5.5 Real-Time Simulation
388(1)
14.6 Cross-Platform Development and Execution Over DEVS/SOA
389(1)
14.7 Example: A Client Application
390(2)
14.8 Summary
392(3)
References
392(3)
Chapter 15 Model and Simulator Deployment in a Netcentric Environment
395(46)
15.1 Introduction
395(1)
15.2 Project Preparation
395(10)
15.2.1 NetBeans
395(5)
15.2.2 Microsoft Visual Studio
400(5)
15.3 DEVS/SOA Simulator
405(7)
15.3.1 DEVS Model Instantiation
405(2)
15.3.2 Simulator Initialization and Time Advance
407(1)
15.3.3 Transition Function
408(2)
15.3.4 Output Function
410(1)
15.3.5 Other Member Functions
410(2)
15.4 Creating Web Service References
412(3)
15.4.1 NetBeans
413(1)
15.4.2 Microsoft Visual Studio
414(1)
15.5 DEVS/SOA Coordinator
415(15)
15.5.1 DEVS Coupled Model Instantiation
415(3)
15.5.2 Coordinator Initialization and Time Advance
418(3)
15.5.3 Transition Function
421(3)
15.5.4 Output Function
424(1)
15.5.5 Other Member Functions
425(4)
15.5.6 Simulation Function
429(1)
15.6 Web Application Deployment
430(2)
15.7 Client Application
432(1)
15.7.1 NetBeans
432(1)
15.7.2 Microsoft Visual Studio
433(1)
15.8 Examples
433(8)
15.8.1 GPT Example
434(2)
15.8.2 Experimental Frame-Processor in DEVS/SOA JAVA and DEVS/SOA.NET
436(4)
References
440(1)
Chapter 16 Netcentric System of Systems with DEVS-Based Event-Driven Architectures
441(32)
16.1 Introduction
441(3)
16.2 Event-Driven Architecture
444(2)
16.3 Netcentric DEVS Systems as Event-Driven Architectures
446(2)
16.4 Abstract DEVS Service Wrapper Agent
448(14)
16.4.1 Example
453(9)
16.5 Distributed Multilevel Test Federations
462(7)
16.5.1 Syntactic Level: Network Health Monitoring
466(1)
16.5.2 Semantic Level: Information Exchange in Collaborations
467(1)
16.5.3 Pragmatic Level: Mission Thread Testing
467(1)
16.5.4 Measuring Success in Mission Thread Executions
468(1)
16.5.5 Measuring in Context
468(1)
16.6 Discussion
469(4)
References
470(3)
Chapter 17 Metamodeling in Department of Defense Architecture Framework (Version 2.0)
473(26)
17.1 Introduction
473(4)
17.2 DoDAF 2.0 Viewpoints as Relevant to Building an Executable Architecture
477(7)
17.2.1 All Viewpoint
477(1)
17.2.2 Capability Viewpoint
478(1)
17.2.3 Data and Information Viewpoint
478(1)
17.2.4 Operational Viewpoint
478(1)
17.2.5 Services Viewpoint
478(1)
17.2.6 Standards Viewpoint
479(3)
17.2.7 System Viewpoint
482(2)
17.3 DoDAF 2.0 Metamodel in SES Ontology
484(9)
17.3.1 Performer
486(2)
17.3.2 Capability and Activities
488(5)
17.4 Discussion
493(6)
References
495(4)
SECTION IV Case Studies
Chapter 18 Joint Close Air Support: Designing from Informal Scenarios
499(30)
18.1 Designing the JCAS System Model with DEVS Systems Engineering Approach
500(10)
18.1.1 Identification
501(1)
18.1.2 Isolation
502(1)
18.1.3 Assignment
503(2)
18.1.4 Abstraction
505(2)
18.1.5 Refinement
507(1)
18.1.6 Communication
507(3)
18.2 JCAS JMT Model in DEVSML
510(9)
18.2.1 JTAC
510(1)
18.2.2 AWACS
510(1)
18.2.3 UAV
510(1)
18.2.4 CAOC
510(1)
18.2.5 USMC Aircraft
510(4)
18.2.6 JCAS System Coupled Model
514(3)
18.2.7 Execution of JCAS
517(2)
18.3 Generating the Test Observer Agents for JCAS System Model with DEVSML
519(9)
18.4 Summary
528(1)
References
528(1)
Chapter 19 DEVS Simulation Framework for Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Realistic Scenarios
529(20)
19.1 Introduction
529(2)
19.2 DEVS Model
531(9)
19.2.1 Couplings
532(1)
19.2.2 UAVs
533(3)
19.2.3 ADUs
536(4)
19.3 Experiments
540(4)
19.4 Results
544(5)
19.4.1 UAVs' Success
545(1)
19.4.2 Performance
546(2)
References
548(1)
Chapter 20 Generic Network Systems Capable of Planned Expansion: From Monolithic to Netcentric Systems
549(20)
20.1 Overview
549(4)
20.1.1 Genetscope Feature Set
552(1)
20.2 Methodology to Componentize a Legacy Application
553(3)
20.3 Architecture Implementation Using Enhanced MSVC
556(6)
20.4 MOE, MOP, and NR-KPP
562(1)
20.5 Simulation Execution and Logs
563(1)
20.6 Simulation Performance
564(1)
20.7 Making Genetscope Netcentric
565(1)
20.8 Summary
566(3)
References
567(2)
Chapter 21 Executable UML
569(40)
21.1 Overview of UML
569(3)
21.2 Metamodels
572(4)
21.2.1 SES Representation of DEVML
573(3)
21.3 Mapping UML to DEVS in eUDEVS
576(12)
21.3.1 Overview
576(2)
21.3.2 DEVS UML Structure Diagrams in eUDEVS
578(5)
21.3.3 DEVS UML Behavior Diagrams in eUDEVS
583(5)
21.4 Transformations
588(2)
21.5 Case Study: XFD-DEVS and UML Together
590(16)
21.5.1 EF-P Model
590(1)
21.5.2 EF-P UML Model
591(4)
21.5.3 From UML to XFD-DEVS
595(6)
21.5.4 From XFD-DEVS to UML
601(5)
21.6 Synopsis
606(3)
References
607(2)
Chapter 22 BPMN to DEVS: Application of MDD4MS Framework in Discrete Event Simulation
609(30)
22.1 Introduction
609(1)
22.2 Business Process Modeling
610(1)
22.3 Discrete Event Simulation of Business Process Models
610(2)
22.3.1 From BPMN Elements to DEVS Components
610(1)
22.3.2 Applying the MDD4MS Framework
611(1)
22.4 MDD4MS Prototype
612(3)
22.4.1 Metamodeling with the GEMS Project
614(1)
22.4.2 M2M Transformations with ATL
614(1)
22.4.3 M2T Transformations with Visitor-Based Model Interpreters
614(1)
22.5 Implementation Example with the MDD4MS Prototype
615(17)
22.5.1 BPMN Metamodel
615(2)
22.5.2 DEVS Metamodel
617(2)
22.5.3 DEVSDSOL Metamodel
619(1)
22.5.4 Model Transformation from BPMN to DEVS
619(5)
22.5.5 Model Transformation from DEVS to DEVSDSOL
624(1)
22.5.6 Code Generation from DEVSDSOL to Java
624(8)
22.6 Interacting with DEVS Middleware through DEVSML
632(3)
22.7 Summary
635(4)
References
635(4)
SECTION V Next Steps
Chapter 23 Netcentric Complex Adaptive Systems
639(24)
23.1 Introduction
639(1)
23.2 Characteristics of Complex Adaptive Systems
640(6)
23.2.1 Network Topology
640(2)
23.2.2 Agent/System Actions
642(1)
23.2.3 Adaptation through Self-Organization and Emergence in a Contingent Environment
643(3)
23.3 Modeling a CAS
646(9)
23.3.1 DEVS Variants for Adaptive Behavior Modeling
646(4)
23.3.2 DEVS Application to CAS and the Needed Augmentations
650(5)
23.4 Netcentric CAS
655(4)
23.5 Summary
659(4)
References
660(3)
Acronyms 663(4)
Index 667
Saurabh Mittal is the founder and principal scientist at Dunip Technologies, which he manages in his free time. He is currently a full-time research scientist at L-3 Communications and is a contractor to the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. In this capacity, he is working on large-scale cognitive M&S, cognitive domain ontologies extending SES theory, and various other cross-directorate M&S integration and interoperability efforts using architecture frameworks such as the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF). He is a recipient of the highest civilian contractor recognition, the "Golden Eagle" award, by the Joint Interoperability Test Command, Defense Information Systems Agency, U.S. DoD. He serves on various conference program committees and is a reviewer for many prestigious international journals. He is also interested in open systems research, artificial intelligence, complex adaptive systems, metamodeling, and systems interoperability.

José L. Risco Martķn is an associate professor in the Computer Architecture and Automation Department of Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain. His research interests focus on the design methodologies for integrated systems and high-performance embedded systems, including new modeling frameworks to explore thermal management techniques for multiprocessor system-on-chip, novel architectures for logic and memories in forthcoming nanoscale electronics, dynamic memory management and memory hierarchy optimizations for embedded systems, networks-on-chip interconnection design, and low-power design of embedded systems. He is also interested in theory of M&S, with an emphasis on DEVS, and the application of bioinspired optimization techniques in computer-aided design problems.