Preface |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxv | |
Authors |
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xxvii | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Modeling and Simulation |
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3 | (28) |
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1.1 The Nature of Simulation |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Systems, Models, and Modeling |
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4 | (3) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3 Phases in Model Development |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4 Types of Simulation Models |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4.1 Stochastic or Deterministic |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Steady State or Dynamic |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Continuous or Discrete |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4.4 Local or Distributed |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Particle in a Potential Field |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Amortization Process Model |
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9 | (1) |
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1.6 Software Systems Engineering with Objects, Classes, and UML |
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9 | (22) |
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1.6.1 UML for Object-Oriented Modeling |
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10 | (7) |
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1.6.2 Introduction to Java |
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17 | (12) |
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29 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 System of Systems Modeling and Simulation with DEVS |
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31 | (12) |
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31 | (3) |
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2.2 DEVS Hierarchy of Systems Specification |
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34 | (3) |
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2.2.1 Hierarchy of Systems Specification |
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35 | (1) |
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2.2.2 DEVS System Components |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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2.3.1 Computational Representation |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (4) |
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41 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 DEVS Formalism and Variants |
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43 | (26) |
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45 | (9) |
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3.1.1 Classic DEVS Formalism |
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45 | (6) |
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51 | (3) |
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3.2 Well-Defined Systems and Legitimacy |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (3) |
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3.4 DEVS Representation of Quantized Systems |
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58 | (4) |
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3.5 DEVS Representation of Systems |
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62 | (7) |
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62 | (5) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 DEVS Software: Model and Simulator |
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69 | (46) |
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69 | (2) |
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4.2 DEVS Modeling Metamodel |
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71 | (17) |
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71 | (5) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (8) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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4.3 DEVS Simulation Metamodel |
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88 | (8) |
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4.3.1 DevsSimulator Class |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (3) |
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4.4 Simulation of Coupled Models |
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96 | (19) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (4) |
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4.4.3 Experimental Frame and Processor Model |
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104 | (9) |
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113 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 DEVS Modeling Language |
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115 | (54) |
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115 | (8) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (4) |
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121 | (2) |
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5.2 Dynamic Code Generation |
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123 | (19) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (11) |
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138 | (3) |
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5.2.4 Execution of DEVS Models |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (23) |
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5.3.1 Installation and Setup |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (23) |
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5.4 Natural Language DEVS: Another DEVS DSL |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (4) |
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168 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 DEVS Unified Process |
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169 | (22) |
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169 | (4) |
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173 | (4) |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (2) |
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6.5 Aligning with OpenUTF |
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181 | (3) |
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6.6 Personnel Requirement to Realize DUNIP |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (5) |
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187 | (4) |
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SECTION II Modeling and Simulation-Based Systems Engineering |
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Chapter 7 Reconfigurable DEVS |
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191 | (14) |
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191 | (3) |
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7.2 MSVC Paradigm and DEVS Framework |
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194 | (1) |
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7.2.1 Real-Time Control and Visualization Limitations of Existing Simulators |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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7.4 Dynamic Model and Simulation Reconfiguration |
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196 | (2) |
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7.4.1 Implementation of the Variable Structure in Extended MSVC |
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196 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Notion of System Steady State |
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197 | (1) |
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7.5 Dynamic Simulation Control |
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198 | (4) |
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7.5.1 DEVS Simulation Engine |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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7.5.3 The Notion of Simulation Control Explored |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (3) |
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202 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Real-Time DEVS and Virtual DEVS |
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205 | (16) |
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205 | (1) |
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8.2 RT-DEVS Model Formal Specification |
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205 | (2) |
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8.3 Real-Time DEVS Simulation |
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207 | (4) |
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8.3.1 Real-Time DEVS Simulation Framework |
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208 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Real-Time Reactive DEVS Simulation |
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209 | (2) |
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8.3.3 Real-Time Transformational DEVS Simulation |
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211 | (1) |
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8.4 RT-DEVS Implementation |
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211 | (6) |
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217 | (4) |
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220 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Model-Driven Engineering and Its Application in Modeling and Simulation |
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221 | (28) |
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221 | (1) |
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9.2 MDE, Flavors, and Techniques |
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222 | (9) |
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224 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Model Transformations |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (2) |
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9.2.4 MDD Tools and Techniques |
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229 | (2) |
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9.3 Domain-Specific Languages |
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231 | (1) |
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9.4 Model-Driven Approaches in M&S |
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232 | (3) |
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235 | (7) |
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9.5.1 Model-Driven Simulation Model Development Life Cycle |
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235 | (3) |
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9.5.2 Metamodeling in MDD4MS |
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238 | (1) |
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9.5.3 Model Transformations |
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238 | (2) |
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9.5.4 Adding DSLs into MDD4MS |
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240 | (2) |
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9.6 MDD4MS and DEVSML 2.0 |
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242 | (3) |
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9.6.1 Using DEVSML as a PISM Metamodel |
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242 | (1) |
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9.6.2 CM to DEVSML Transformation for DEVS-based Simulation |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (4) |
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245 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 System Entity Structures and Contingency-Based Systems |
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249 | (28) |
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249 | (6) |
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10.1.1 SES Properties and Axioms |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (4) |
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10.2 Formal Representation of SES |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (6) |
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10.4 Constraint-Based Pruning |
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263 | (6) |
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10.5 Pragmatics into Ontologies |
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269 | (2) |
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10.6 Knowledge-Based Contingency-Driven Generative Systems |
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271 | (4) |
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275 | (2) |
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276 | (1) |
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Chapter 11 Department of Defense Architecture Framework: Version 1.0 |
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277 | (36) |
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277 | (6) |
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11.1.1 DoDAF 1.0 Specifications |
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278 | (1) |
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11.1.2 Motivation for DoDAF-to-DEVS Mapping |
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279 | (4) |
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11.2 Overview of the Role of DEVS-Based Technology |
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283 | (3) |
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11.3 Filling Gaps in DoDAF 1.0 |
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286 | (5) |
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11.3.1 Message Flow among Activities |
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286 | (2) |
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11.3.2 Transition from OV-5 to OV-6 |
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288 | (1) |
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11.3.3 Temporal Information |
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289 | (2) |
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11.3.4 Accountability for Failure of Activity Execution |
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291 | (1) |
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11.4 From OV-6 UML Diagrams to DEVS Component Behavior Specifications |
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291 | (2) |
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11.4.1 DoDAF-to-DEVS Elements |
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292 | (1) |
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11.5 DoDAF-Based Activity Scenario |
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293 | (15) |
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11.5.1 Example: Implementation of an Activity Component |
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293 | (4) |
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11.5.2 Activity Taken from Zinn as an Example |
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297 | (9) |
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306 | (2) |
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11.6 DoDAF-DEVS Development Process |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (4) |
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310 | (3) |
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Chapter 12 Modeling and Simulation-Based Testing and DoDAF Compliance |
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313 | (26) |
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313 | (1) |
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12.2 Background and Available Testing Methodologies |
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314 | (9) |
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12.2.1 Classical Testing Methods |
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314 | (2) |
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12.2.2 Model-Based Testing Techniques |
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316 | (1) |
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12.2.3 Automated Test-Case Generation Using UML Constructs |
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317 | (3) |
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12.2.4 Architecture-Oriented Evaluation Methodologies |
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320 | (2) |
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322 | (1) |
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12.3 DoDAF Specifications with System Entity Structure |
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323 | (2) |
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12.4 Modeling and Simulation as Applicable to DoDAF Testing |
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325 | (5) |
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327 | (3) |
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12.5 DoDAF-Compliant Architectures |
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330 | (3) |
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333 | (6) |
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333 | (6) |
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SECTION III Netcentric System of Systems |
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339 | (36) |
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339 | (2) |
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13.2 Platform-Independent Models and DEVS Standardization |
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341 | (3) |
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344 | (27) |
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13.3.1 Standard DEVS Models Using XML Schemas |
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344 | (3) |
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13.3.2 DEVS-to-DEVS Interoperability |
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347 | (16) |
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13.3.3 DEVS-to-Non-DEVS Interoperability |
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363 | (8) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (3) |
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373 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 Architecture for DEVS/SOA |
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375 | (20) |
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375 | (3) |
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14.2 Netcentric DEVS Virtual Machine |
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378 | (3) |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
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14.5 DEVS/SOA Simulation Package |
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382 | (7) |
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382 | (2) |
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14.5.2 Message Serialization |
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384 | (1) |
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14.5.3 DEVS/SOA Metamodel |
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384 | (4) |
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14.5.4 Centralized Simulation |
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388 | (1) |
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14.5.5 Real-Time Simulation |
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388 | (1) |
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14.6 Cross-Platform Development and Execution Over DEVS/SOA |
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389 | (1) |
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14.7 Example: A Client Application |
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390 | (2) |
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392 | (3) |
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392 | (3) |
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Chapter 15 Model and Simulator Deployment in a Netcentric Environment |
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395 | (46) |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (10) |
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395 | (5) |
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15.2.2 Microsoft Visual Studio |
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400 | (5) |
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405 | (7) |
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15.3.1 DEVS Model Instantiation |
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405 | (2) |
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15.3.2 Simulator Initialization and Time Advance |
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407 | (1) |
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15.3.3 Transition Function |
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408 | (2) |
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410 | (1) |
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15.3.5 Other Member Functions |
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410 | (2) |
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15.4 Creating Web Service References |
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412 | (3) |
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413 | (1) |
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15.4.2 Microsoft Visual Studio |
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414 | (1) |
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15.5 DEVS/SOA Coordinator |
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415 | (15) |
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15.5.1 DEVS Coupled Model Instantiation |
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415 | (3) |
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15.5.2 Coordinator Initialization and Time Advance |
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418 | (3) |
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15.5.3 Transition Function |
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421 | (3) |
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424 | (1) |
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15.5.5 Other Member Functions |
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425 | (4) |
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15.5.6 Simulation Function |
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429 | (1) |
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15.6 Web Application Deployment |
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430 | (2) |
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432 | (1) |
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432 | (1) |
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15.7.2 Microsoft Visual Studio |
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433 | (1) |
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433 | (8) |
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434 | (2) |
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15.8.2 Experimental Frame-Processor in DEVS/SOA JAVA and DEVS/SOA.NET |
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436 | (4) |
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440 | (1) |
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Chapter 16 Netcentric System of Systems with DEVS-Based Event-Driven Architectures |
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441 | (32) |
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441 | (3) |
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16.2 Event-Driven Architecture |
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444 | (2) |
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16.3 Netcentric DEVS Systems as Event-Driven Architectures |
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446 | (2) |
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16.4 Abstract DEVS Service Wrapper Agent |
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448 | (14) |
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453 | (9) |
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16.5 Distributed Multilevel Test Federations |
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462 | (7) |
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16.5.1 Syntactic Level: Network Health Monitoring |
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466 | (1) |
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16.5.2 Semantic Level: Information Exchange in Collaborations |
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467 | (1) |
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16.5.3 Pragmatic Level: Mission Thread Testing |
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467 | (1) |
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16.5.4 Measuring Success in Mission Thread Executions |
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468 | (1) |
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16.5.5 Measuring in Context |
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468 | (1) |
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469 | (4) |
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470 | (3) |
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Chapter 17 Metamodeling in Department of Defense Architecture Framework (Version 2.0) |
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473 | (26) |
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473 | (4) |
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17.2 DoDAF 2.0 Viewpoints as Relevant to Building an Executable Architecture |
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477 | (7) |
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477 | (1) |
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17.2.2 Capability Viewpoint |
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478 | (1) |
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17.2.3 Data and Information Viewpoint |
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478 | (1) |
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17.2.4 Operational Viewpoint |
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478 | (1) |
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17.2.5 Services Viewpoint |
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478 | (1) |
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17.2.6 Standards Viewpoint |
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479 | (3) |
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482 | (2) |
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17.3 DoDAF 2.0 Metamodel in SES Ontology |
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484 | (9) |
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486 | (2) |
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17.3.2 Capability and Activities |
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488 | (5) |
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493 | (6) |
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495 | (4) |
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Chapter 18 Joint Close Air Support: Designing from Informal Scenarios |
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499 | (30) |
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18.1 Designing the JCAS System Model with DEVS Systems Engineering Approach |
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500 | (10) |
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501 | (1) |
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502 | (1) |
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503 | (2) |
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505 | (2) |
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507 | (1) |
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507 | (3) |
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18.2 JCAS JMT Model in DEVSML |
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510 | (9) |
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510 | (1) |
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510 | (1) |
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510 | (1) |
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510 | (1) |
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510 | (4) |
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18.2.6 JCAS System Coupled Model |
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514 | (3) |
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517 | (2) |
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18.3 Generating the Test Observer Agents for JCAS System Model with DEVSML |
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519 | (9) |
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528 | (1) |
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528 | (1) |
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Chapter 19 DEVS Simulation Framework for Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Realistic Scenarios |
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529 | (20) |
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529 | (2) |
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531 | (9) |
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532 | (1) |
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533 | (3) |
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536 | (4) |
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540 | (4) |
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544 | (5) |
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545 | (1) |
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546 | (2) |
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548 | (1) |
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Chapter 20 Generic Network Systems Capable of Planned Expansion: From Monolithic to Netcentric Systems |
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549 | (20) |
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549 | (4) |
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20.1.1 Genetscope Feature Set |
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552 | (1) |
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20.2 Methodology to Componentize a Legacy Application |
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553 | (3) |
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20.3 Architecture Implementation Using Enhanced MSVC |
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556 | (6) |
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20.4 MOE, MOP, and NR-KPP |
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562 | (1) |
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20.5 Simulation Execution and Logs |
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563 | (1) |
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20.6 Simulation Performance |
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564 | (1) |
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20.7 Making Genetscope Netcentric |
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565 | (1) |
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566 | (3) |
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567 | (2) |
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Chapter 21 Executable UML |
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569 | (40) |
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569 | (3) |
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572 | (4) |
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21.2.1 SES Representation of DEVML |
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573 | (3) |
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21.3 Mapping UML to DEVS in eUDEVS |
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576 | (12) |
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576 | (2) |
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21.3.2 DEVS UML Structure Diagrams in eUDEVS |
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578 | (5) |
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21.3.3 DEVS UML Behavior Diagrams in eUDEVS |
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583 | (5) |
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588 | (2) |
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21.5 Case Study: XFD-DEVS and UML Together |
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590 | (16) |
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590 | (1) |
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591 | (4) |
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21.5.3 From UML to XFD-DEVS |
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595 | (6) |
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21.5.4 From XFD-DEVS to UML |
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601 | (5) |
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606 | (3) |
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607 | (2) |
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Chapter 22 BPMN to DEVS: Application of MDD4MS Framework in Discrete Event Simulation |
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609 | (30) |
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609 | (1) |
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22.2 Business Process Modeling |
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610 | (1) |
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22.3 Discrete Event Simulation of Business Process Models |
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610 | (2) |
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22.3.1 From BPMN Elements to DEVS Components |
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610 | (1) |
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22.3.2 Applying the MDD4MS Framework |
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611 | (1) |
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612 | (3) |
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22.4.1 Metamodeling with the GEMS Project |
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614 | (1) |
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22.4.2 M2M Transformations with ATL |
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614 | (1) |
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22.4.3 M2T Transformations with Visitor-Based Model Interpreters |
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614 | (1) |
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22.5 Implementation Example with the MDD4MS Prototype |
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615 | (17) |
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615 | (2) |
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617 | (2) |
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22.5.3 DEVSDSOL Metamodel |
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619 | (1) |
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22.5.4 Model Transformation from BPMN to DEVS |
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619 | (5) |
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22.5.5 Model Transformation from DEVS to DEVSDSOL |
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624 | (1) |
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22.5.6 Code Generation from DEVSDSOL to Java |
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624 | (8) |
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22.6 Interacting with DEVS Middleware through DEVSML |
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632 | (3) |
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635 | (4) |
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635 | (4) |
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Chapter 23 Netcentric Complex Adaptive Systems |
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639 | (24) |
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639 | (1) |
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23.2 Characteristics of Complex Adaptive Systems |
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640 | (6) |
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640 | (2) |
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23.2.2 Agent/System Actions |
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642 | (1) |
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23.2.3 Adaptation through Self-Organization and Emergence in a Contingent Environment |
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643 | (3) |
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646 | (9) |
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23.3.1 DEVS Variants for Adaptive Behavior Modeling |
|
|
646 | (4) |
|
23.3.2 DEVS Application to CAS and the Needed Augmentations |
|
|
650 | (5) |
|
|
655 | (4) |
|
|
659 | (4) |
|
|
660 | (3) |
Acronyms |
|
663 | (4) |
Index |
|
667 | |