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E-grāmata: Network Maintenance and Troubleshooting Guide: Field Tested Solutions for Everyday Problems

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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 08-Oct-2009
  • Izdevniecība: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780321647634
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Network Maintenance and Troubleshooting Guide: Field Tested Solutions for Everyday ProblemsPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 08-Oct-2009
  • Izdevniecība: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780321647634
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Network Maintenance and Troubleshooting Guide

Field-Tested Solutions for Everyday Problems, Second Edition

Neal Allen

 

The 100% practical, real-world guide to anticipating, finding, and solving network problemsfast!

 

Real-life networks dont always behave by the book. Troubleshooting them requires practical intuition that normally comes only with experience. In this book, Fluke Networks Neal Allen brings together all that hard-won, hands-on insight: everything you need to discover whats really happening in your network, so you can anticipate and fix problems before users even notice them.

 

Writing for network technicians and administrators at all levels, Allen presents an approach to troubleshooting that has been proven in networks of all kinds, no matter how complex. He introduces indispensable triage and troubleshooting techniques for everything from copper and fiber cabling to IPv6, and presents unparalleled guidance on identifying and resolving problems at the MAC Layer. He illustrates his advice with diagrams, tables, and screen captures from Fluke Networks market-leading instruments. Throughout this book, Allen also offers practical summaries of each of todays core networking technologies, making it an ideal complement to any network certification study guide.

 

Coverage includes





Using the OSI model to more efficiently troubleshoot networks layer by layer

Copper and fiber-optic cabling: theory, operation, and troubleshooting Media Access Control (MAC) Layer: Ethernet theory and operation Identifying and resolving problems related to IPv4 and IPv6 protocols Preventing problems before they occur Discovering device behavior Troubleshooting switches Using a protocol analyzer more successfully Creating network documentation that helps you more efficiently prevent and resolve problems

 

Road tested by thousands of Fluke Networks customers, this books first edition became the best-kept secret resource for sysadmins, netadmins, and support technicians fortunate enough to discover it. Now, Allen has thoroughly updated his classic for todays networks. If youre responsible for maintaining one of those networks, youll find this new Second Edition even more indispensable.

 

Neal Allen is a senior staff engineer in the Fluke Networks Technical Assistance Center (TAC) focusing on escalated problems. He has been involved in designing, installing, and troubleshooting networks for nearly 20 years. Allen has served on Interops trade show Network Operations Center (NOC) team since 1993, troubleshooting show-floor problems at the Las Vegas and Atlanta Interop trade shows, and helped support and troubleshoot the network for the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. His responsibilities currently include product feature specification and beta testing, remote and onsite problem solving, and providing training and sales support worldwide.

 









informit.com/aw

Cover design by Louisa Adair

Cover photography from Image Source / Getty Images
Introduction 1(1)
Boundaries
2(1)
Media Standards Development
2(1)
Terms
2(2)
Physical Layer
3(1)
Media Access Control (MAC) Layer Within the Data Link Layer
3(1)
Logical Link Control (LLC) Layer Within the Data Link Layer
3(1)
Network Layer
3(1)
Transport Layer
3(1)
Help Desk
4(1)
Network Technician
4(1)
Network Engineer
4(1)
Network Manager
4(1)
Organization
4(1)
Technical Details
5(1)
Conventions Used in This Book
6(1)
Supplemental Materials
6
Using the OSI Model
1(1)
Quick Tour of the OSI Model
2(1)
Seven Layers of the OSI Model
3(2)
Application Layer
3(1)
Presentation Layer
3(1)
Session Layer
4(1)
Transport Layer
4(1)
Network Layer
4(1)
Data Link Layer
5(1)
Physical Layer
5(1)
Networking Devices and the OSI Model
5(6)
Repeaters
5(1)
Bridges
6(1)
Routers
7(1)
Switches
8(2)
Switch Forwarding Techniques
10(1)
Common Networking Tools
11(3)
Network Management Tools
11(1)
Protocol Analyzers
12(1)
Handheld Network Analyzers
12(1)
Cable Testers
13(1)
Flow Protocols
13(1)
Summary
14(2)
Chapter Review Questions
16
Copper Media
1(1)
Standards
2(3)
Basic Cable Uses
5(1)
Test Parameters
6(21)
Basic Tests and Parameters Required for In-Channel Testing
6(5)
Basic Frequency-Based Test Parameters Related to In-Channel Testing
11(8)
Advanced Frequency-Based Test Parameters Related to In-Channel and External Testing
19(4)
Other Commonly Referenced Test Parameters
23(2)
Test Configurations
25(2)
What Should Be Tested?
27(1)
Grounding and Shielding Cable
28(2)
Summary
30(1)
Chapter Review Questions
30
Fiber Optic Media
1(1)
Safety
2(1)
Light
2(1)
Glass
2(1)
Standards
3(1)
Fiber Optic Cable Design
3(3)
Fiber Cable Construction
4(1)
Cable Construction
4(1)
Connector Types
5(1)
Test Parameters
6(3)
Field Testing Parameters
7(2)
Light Behavior
9(9)
Dispersion
9(1)
Modal Bandwidth
9(1)
Critical Angle
10(1)
Bending Fiber
10(1)
Graded Index
11(1)
Light Sources
12(1)
Launch Conditions
13(1)
Mandrels
14(1)
Mode Conditioning
14(1)
Absorption
15(1)
Fresnel Reflections
15(1)
Fiber Termination Polish
16(1)
Fiber Alignment Errors and Manufacturing Flaws
17(1)
Testing Practices and Tools
18(6)
Test Methods
18(4)
Tools
22(2)
Levels of Testing
24(2)
Tier 1
24(1)
Tier 2
25(1)
Precautions for Measurement and Testing
25(1)
Summary
26(1)
Chapter Review Questions
26
Media Access Control Layer
1(1)
Ethernet and the OSI Model
2(1)
Frame Structure
3(5)
Bits to Bytes
3(1)
Bytes to Field Groupings
4(3)
Basic Ethernet Frame Fields
7(1)
Theory of Operation
8(62)
Interpacket Spacing
11(1)
Retransmission
11(1)
Error Handling
12(8)
Duplex
20(1)
Frame Bursting
21(1)
Auto-Negotiation
22(4)
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
26(2)
Ethernet Implementation Details
28(1)
10Mbps Versions of Ethernet
28(8)
100Mbps Versions of Ethernet
36(7)
1000Mbps Versions of Ethernet
43(9)
10Gbps Versions of Ethernet
52(16)
Ethernet for Subscriber Access Networks
68(2)
Summary
70(1)
Chapter Review Questions
71
Data Link Layer
1(1)
Bridges
2(8)
Bridge Forwarding Table
3(1)
Effect of Forwarding
3(1)
Priority
4(1)
Spanning Tree Protocol
4(5)
VLANs
9(1)
MAC Control Sublayer
10(8)
Frame Structure
10(1)
Slow Protocols
11(1)
Link Aggregation Sublayer
11(5)
Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Sublayer
16(2)
Logical Link Control Sublayer
18(4)
802.2 LLC
19(1)
802.2 LLC Field Definitions
19(2)
802 SNAP
21(1)
802 SNAP Field Definitions
22(1)
Novell Raw
22(1)
Summary
23(1)
Chapter Review Questions
23
Network Layer
1(1)
Routers
2(1)
OSI Model Implications: Effect of Forwarding
2(1)
Internet Protocol (IP)
3(28)
IPv4 Addressing
5(9)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
14(4)
IPv6 Addressing
18(10)
ICMPv6
28(3)
Summary
31(1)
Chapter Review Questions
31
Transport Layer
1(1)
TCP and UDP Ports
3(1)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
3(14)
TCP Segments and Maximum Segment Size (MSS)
4(1)
TCP Sockets and Connections
4(1)
Opening and Closing Connections
5(1)
Sequence and Acknowledgment Numbers
6(1)
Retransmission
7(1)
Selective Acknowledgment (SACK)
7(2)
Window Size, Window Scaling, and Sliding Window
9(2)
Congestion Control
11(2)
TCP Segment Structure
13(4)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
17(2)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Datagram Structure
17(2)
Summary
19(1)
Chapter Review Questions
19
Preventing Problems
1(1)
Strategy for Network Maintenance
2(1)
Management Involvement in Network Decision Making
2(1)
Preparation and Planning
2(1)
Problem Prevention
2(1)
Early Problem Detection
2(1)
Quick Problem Isolation and Resolution
3(1)
Investing More in Tools and Training Rather Than Additional Staff to Accommodate Network Growth
3(1)
Quality Improvement Approach to Network Management and Maintenance
3(1)
Documentation
3(4)
Methodology
3(1)
Discovery and Baselining
3(1)
Design Assistance
4(1)
Validation
4(1)
Create a Server Log and Software Library
4(1)
Create a Network Diagram
5(1)
Cable Plant Documentation
5(2)
Develop a Baseline
7(5)
Traffic Monitoring
8(4)
Proactive Activity and Preparedness
12(12)
Monitoring the Physical and MAC Layers
12(5)
Monitoring the Network Layer
17(1)
Monitoring the Transport Layer
18(2)
Application Monitoring
20(4)
Summary
24(1)
Chapter Review Questions
24
Troubleshooting
1(1)
Best Method
2(1)
Process
2(2)
Eight Key Steps to Successful Troubleshooting
4(4)
Identify the Exact Issue
4(1)
Re-create the Problem
4(1)
Localize and Isolate the Cause
4(2)
Formulate a Plan for Solving the Problem
6(1)
Implement the Plan
6(1)
Test to Verify That the Problem Has Been Resolved
7(1)
Document the Problem and Solution
7(1)
Provide Feedback to the User
7(1)
A Place to Start
8(1)
Summary
9(1)
Chapter Review Questions
9
Troubleshooting Media
1(1)
Troubleshooting Copper Media
2(18)
Tools
2(3)
General Testing and Installation Issues
5(15)
Troubleshooting Fiber Optic Media
20(12)
Tools
20(2)
General Testing and Installation Issues
22(10)
Summary
32(1)
Chapter Review Questions
32
Network Troubleshooting
1(1)
Tools
2(2)
Cable Testers
2(1)
Protocol Analysis
2(1)
Network Management
3(1)
Flow Protocols
3(1)
Handheld Network Analyzers
4(1)
Advanced Analysis Products
4(1)
Troubleshooting Generalized User Complaints
4(7)
Problem: Can't Connect
5(2)
Problem: Connections That Drop
7(2)
Problem: Slow or Poor Performance
9(2)
General Troubleshooting Advice
11(57)
Avoid Misleading Symptoms
13(1)
Specific Error Types
14(3)
Some Simple Guidelines
17(15)
Specific Test Suggestions
32(36)
Summary
68(1)
Chapter Review Questions
68
Appendix A: Copper Test Failure Cause Tables
1(1)
Wiremap
2(1)
Length
2(1)
Propagation Delay or Delay Skew
2(1)
Insertion Loss (Attenuation)
3(1)
NEXT and PSNEXT
3(1)
Return Loss
3(1)
ACRF and PSACRF (ELFEXT and PSELFEXT)
4(1)
Resistance
4(1)
Characteristic Impedance
4(1)
Impulse Noise
5(1)
Alien Crosstalk Mitigation
5
Appendix B: Waveform Decoding Exercise
1(1)
Module 1: Counting Systems and Encoding Methods
2(9)
Counting Systems
2(6)
OSI Seven-Layer Model
8(2)
Signaling and Encoding Methods
10(1)
Module 2: Decoding a Waveform into Ethernet
11(4)
10Mbps Transmission Process
11(2)
Decoding the Waveform
13(2)
Module 3: Using Standards Documents and RFCs
15(1)
Standards and RFCs
15(1)
Module 4: Using a Protocol Analyzer
16
OptiView Protocol Expert in Five Buttons
17(4)
Protocol Expert Lab
21
Appendix C: Auto-Negotiation
1(1)
FLP Field Definitions
2
Base Page
2(2)
Message Pages
4(2)
Unformatted Pages
6(1)
Extensions to Auto-Negotiation for 1000BASE-X
6(1)
Extensions to Auto-Negotiation for 10GBASE-T
7
Appendix D: Discovering Device Behavior
1(1)
At What Layer Does This Device Operate?
2(3)
Basic Functionality
3(1)
The Gray Area
4(1)
Find Any Configured VLANs
4(1)
How to Use the Test Results
5
Collision Domain
5(1)
Broadcast Domain
5(1)
Different Network
6
Appendix E: Techniques for Troubleshooting Switches
1(1)
What Problems Are Encountered in Switched Environments?
2(1)
How Do You Find Which Port or Switch Has a Problem?
2(1)
Techniques for Troubleshooting a Switch
3(20)
Access the Switch Console
4(1)
Connect to an Unused Port
5(3)
Configure a Mirror or Span Port
8(3)
Connect to a Tagged or Trunk Port
11(1)
Insert a Hub into the Link
12(2)
Place the Tester in Series
14(1)
Place a Tap Inline on a Link
14(3)
Use SNMP-Based Network Management
17(3)
Have the Switch Send Flow Technology Summaries
20(1)
Set Up a Syslog Server
21(1)
Use the Server (Host) Resources
22(1)
Use a Combination of Methods
23(1)
Troubleshooting Methods: Conclusion
23
Appendix F: Simple Network Management Protocol
1(1)
SNMP Operation
2(4)
SNMPv1
4(1)
SNMPv2
5(1)
SNMPv3
5(1)
SNMP Use
6
Appendix G: Troubleshooting with a Protocol Analyzer
1(1)
Understanding a Web Page Connection
2(14)
DNS Query
3(3)
ARP Query
6(1)
TCP Connection
6(6)
Data Transfer
12(1)
Closing the Connection
13(1)
DNS Failure
13(3)
Protocol Analyzers and Protocol Knowledge
16
Appendix H: Network Diagnostic Products Used in This Book
1(1)
What Tool to Start With?
2(2)
Network Operations
2(1)
Network Engineering
2(1)
Network Technicians
3(1)
Network/PC Support Help Desk
4(1)
Media Test
4(6)
DTX 1800 Cable Analyzer
4(1)
OptiFiber Certifying OTDR
5(2)
AnalyzeAir Wi-Fi Spectrum Analyzer
7(3)
Network Analysis: Hybrid Handhelds
10(12)
OptiView
11(4)
EtherScope
15(3)
NetTool
18(2)
LinkRunner
20(2)
Protocol Analysis
22(2)
Capture
23(1)
Built-in Features
23(1)
Alarms and Triggers
23(1)
Data Storage and Reporting
24(1)
Flow Protocols Analysis
24
Visual Performance Manager
25(2)
Visual UpTime Select
27(2)
NetFlow Tracker
29(2)
Application Performance
31
Appendix I: Answers to
Chapter Review Questions
1(1)
Chapter 1
2(1)
Chapter 2
3(2)
Chapter 3
5(1)
Chapter 4
6(6)
Chapter 5
12(1)
Chapter 6
13(2)
Chapter 7
15(1)
Chapter 8
16(1)
Chapter 9
17(1)
Chapter 10
18(2)
Chapter 11
20
Index 1
Neal Allen is a senior engineer in the Technical Assistance Center (TAC) at Fluke Networks in Everett, Washington focusing on escalated issues related to Fluke Network s' server-based monitoring solutions.  His responsibilities in TAC are the particularly difficult or obscure problems, both phoned in and at various customer sites around the world.  He also works closely with the design engineers on new product or feature specifications and later on alpha and beta testing of the same.  Previously he was a product manager for handheld network analyzers.  His responsibilities in marketing were "anything the engineers don't do," including market research, writing manuals and literature, helping to specify and beta test new products and product features, attending and delivering papers at trade shows, and providing both training and sales support worldwide.  Allen has been involved in network design, installation, and troubleshooting for nearly 20 years.  Although his focus has been primarily OSI Layer 3 and below, he has also designed and taught a number of short seminars and a three-quarter introductory networking course at local community colleges.  Allen has been a member of the Interop trade show NOC (Network Operations Center) team since 1993 and, in addition to other responsibilities, is responsible for troubleshooting show-floor problems at the Las Vegas Interop trade shows.  Allen was chosen to help support and troubleshoot the network for the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games.
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